From cf5f3a2c92ef1b44fc7fe5348c25d471f21826be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 1996 15:36:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] dpkg (1.3.7) unstable; urgency=low (medium for source pkg
 docs)

  * dselect +/-/_/= on lines for all broken, new, local or whatever
    packages do not affect _all_ packages.  (Bug#4129.)

  * Support for diff-only uploads in source packaging tools.
  * dpkg-genchanges -d<descripfile> option renamed to -C.
  * dpkg-buildpackage understands -m, -v, -C (for dpkg-genchanges).
  * Support for debian/shlibs.local added to dpkg-shlibdeps.
  * Shared library files' search order defined in dpkg-source(1), and
    relevant files added to the FILES section.

  * Programmers' manual describes source packaging tools.
  * Policy manual mentions shared library control area file.
  * dpkg-source manpage includes dpkg-shlibdeps in title line.
  * Manuals have changelog and automatic version numbering.
  * changelogs (for dpkg and for manuals) installed.
  * binary target split into binary-arch and binary-indep in manual.
  * Manpages should be compressed.
  * Copyright file is moved to /usr/doc/<package>/copyright.
  * Changelogs must be installed in /usr/doc/<package>.

  * dpkg-deb(8) moved to dpkg-deb(1).

  * binary target split into binary-arch and binary-indep in source.
  * changelog entry for 1.2.14 copied from that (forked) release.

 -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>  Thu, 22 Aug 1996 15:36:12 +0100
---
 debian/changelog                    |   40 +
 debian/rules                        |    9 +-
 doc/Makefile.in                     |   31 +-
 doc/changelog                       |    9 +
 doc/developer-keys.pgp              |  Bin 31039 -> 31223 bytes
 doc/manuals-version                 |    2 +
 doc/policy.sgml                     |  273 +++++-
 doc/policy.text                     | 1329 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 doc/programmer.sgml                 |  330 ++++++-
 dpkg-deb/Makefile.in                |    6 +-
 dpkg-deb/{dpkg-deb.8 => dpkg-deb.1} |    0
 dselect/pkgcmds.cc                  |   17 +-
 dselect/pkglist.h                   |    1 +
 scripts/dpkg-buildpackage.sh        |   44 +-
 scripts/dpkg-genchanges.pl          |   27 +-
 scripts/dpkg-shlibdeps.pl           |   17 +-
 scripts/dpkg-source.1               |  213 ++++-
 scripts/dpkg-source.pl              |  432 ++++++---
 version.h                           |    2 +-
 19 files changed, 2535 insertions(+), 247 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/changelog
 create mode 100644 doc/manuals-version
 create mode 100644 doc/policy.text
 rename dpkg-deb/{dpkg-deb.8 => dpkg-deb.1} (100%)

diff --git a/debian/changelog b/debian/changelog
index 76bd8a1b..f65d235f 100644
--- a/debian/changelog
+++ b/debian/changelog
@@ -1,3 +1,32 @@
+dpkg (1.3.7) unstable; urgency=low (medium for source pkg docs)
+
+  * dselect +/-/_/= on lines for all broken, new, local or whatever
+    packages do not affect _all_ packages.  (Bug#4129.)
+
+  * Support for diff-only uploads in source packaging tools.
+  * dpkg-genchanges -d<descripfile> option renamed to -C.
+  * dpkg-buildpackage understands -m, -v, -C (for dpkg-genchanges).
+  * Support for debian/shlibs.local added to dpkg-shlibdeps.
+  * Shared library files' search order defined in dpkg-source(1), and
+    relevant files added to the FILES section.
+
+  * Programmers' manual describes source packaging tools.
+  * Policy manual mentions shared library control area file.
+  * dpkg-source manpage includes dpkg-shlibdeps in title line.
+  * Manuals have changelog and automatic version numbering.
+  * changelogs (for dpkg and for manuals) installed.
+  * binary target split into binary-arch and binary-indep in manual.
+  * Manpages should be compressed.
+  * Copyright file is moved to /usr/doc/<package>/copyright.
+  * Changelogs must be installed in /usr/doc/<package>.
+  
+  * dpkg-deb(8) moved to dpkg-deb(1).
+
+  * binary target split into binary-arch and binary-indep in source.
+  * changelog entry for 1.2.14 copied from that (forked) release.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>  Thu, 22 Aug 1996 15:36:12 +0100
+
 dpkg (1.3.6) experimental; urgency=low (HIGH for new source format)
 
   * dpkg-source now has broken argument unparsing for tar.  (Bug#4195.)
@@ -106,6 +135,17 @@ dpkg (1.3.0) experimental; urgency=LOW
 
  -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>  Tue, 6 Aug 1996 02:31:52 +0100
 
+
+dpkg (1.2.14) stable unstable; urgency=MEDIUM
+
+  * dselect +/-/_/= on lines for all broken, new, local or whatever
+    packages do not affect _all_ packages.  (Bug#4129.)
+
+  * NOTE - THE HISTORY FORKS HERE.  1.2.14's change appears in 1.3.7.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>  Thu, 22 Aug 1996 00:39:52 +0100
+
+
 dpkg (1.2.13) unstable; urgency=LOW
 
   * dpkg --search produces correct output for diversions.
diff --git a/debian/rules b/debian/rules
index 8dd1658f..338d68bd 100755
--- a/debian/rules
+++ b/debian/rules
@@ -19,7 +19,13 @@ clean:
 	-rm -f config.cache config.status config.h install config.log
 	find -name '*~' -print0 | xargs -r0 rm --
 
-binary:	checkroot build
+binary:		binary-arch binary-indep
+
+binary-indep:
+	$(checkdir)
+
+binary-arch:	checkroot build
+	$(checkdir)
 	-rm -rf debian/tmp
 	install -d debian/tmp debian/tmp/DEBIAN debian/tmp/etc/dpkg
 	install -d debian/tmp/usr/doc/{copyright,dpkg}
@@ -40,6 +46,7 @@ binary:	checkroot build
 		install
 	cp debian/copyright debian/tmp/usr/doc/copyright/dpkg
 	cp TODO debian/tmp/usr/doc/dpkg/WISHLIST
+	gzip -9v debian/tmp/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog.*
 	touch debian/tmp/var/lib/dpkg/{status,available}
 	dpkg-shlibdeps -dPre-Depends main/dpkg dselect/dselect
 	dpkg-gencontrol
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in
index a64b312a..af74a0df 100644
--- a/doc/Makefile.in
+++ b/doc/Makefile.in
@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
 MAKEINFO = makeinfo
 TEXI2DVI = texi2dvi
 
-DPKGDOCS= developer-keys.pgp
-
-SGMLDOCS= programmer policy
+SGMLDOCSTAMPS= programmer.html-stamp policy.html-stamp
 
 # Files folded into manuals
 OBSOLETEDOCS= descriptions.txt upgrades+errors.txt \
@@ -46,10 +44,18 @@ OBSOLETEDOCS= descriptions.txt upgrades+errors.txt \
  disappear-replace.txt diversions.text \
  essential-flag.txt version-ordering.txt
 
-all:		$(DPKGDOCS) $(SGMLDOCS)
+all:		$(DPKGDOCS) $(SGMLDOCSTAMPS)
+
+manuals-version:	changelog Makefile
+		v=`dpkg-parsechangelog -lchangelog | sed -n 's/^Version: //p'` && \
+		echo "<!entity manuals-version \"$$v\">" >$@.new
+		d=`pwd | sed -e 's,/doc$$,,; s,^.*dpkg-\([0-9.]*\),\1,'` && \
+		echo "<!entity dpkg-version \"$$d\">" >>$@.new
+		mv $@.new $@
 
-$(SGMLDOCS):
-		debiandoc2html $@.sgml
+%.html-stamp:	%.sgml manuals-version
+		rm -rf $*.html
+		debiandoc2html $<
 		touch $@
 
 guidelines.info: guidelines.texi
@@ -65,7 +71,7 @@ database-structure.monops: database-structure.ps
 		mv ps database-structure.monops
 
 clean:
-		rm -f $(SGMLDOCS)
+		rm -f $(SGMLDOCSTAMPS)
 		rm -f database-structure.ps database-structure.monops ps
 		rm -f *.{aux,cp,dvi,fn,ky,log,pg,toc,tp,vr,bak}
 		rm -f guidelines.info* *.sasp*
@@ -78,9 +84,10 @@ install:	all
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) deb.5 $(man5dir)/deb.$(man5)
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) deb-old.5 $(man5dir)/deb-old.$(man5)
 		$(INSTALL_DATA) deb-control.5 $(man5dir)/deb-control.$(man5)
-		set -e; for f in $(SGMLDOCS) ; do \
-			cp -r $$f.html $(dpkgdocdir)/$$f.html ; \
-		done
-		set -e; for d in $(DPKGDOCS) ; do \
-			$(INSTALL_DATA) $$d $(dpkgdocdir)/$$d ; \
+		set -e; for f in $(SGMLDOCSTAMPS) ; do \
+			g=`echo $$f | sed -e 's/-stamp$$//'` ; \
+			cp -r $$g $(dpkgdocdir)/$$g ; \
 		done
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) developer-keys.pgp $(dpkgdocdir)/.
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) ../debian/changelog $(dpkgdocdir)/changelog.dpkg
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) changelog $(dpkgdocdir)/changelog.manuals
diff --git a/doc/changelog b/doc/changelog
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6951c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/changelog
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+debian-manuals (0.2.0.0) experimental;
+
+  * Draft releases.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk>  Wed, 21 Aug 1996 15:07:53 +0100
+
+Local variables:
+mode: debian-changelog
+End:
diff --git a/doc/developer-keys.pgp b/doc/developer-keys.pgp
index 5ad9b5aec037e26c186787ff98cbcb7b1cb7a1a0..dc4b76fd4ae36aaf7009e03fe1a8d84b5dedc862 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 195
zcmV;!06hP{@&Whr0e_hQjRP_ZT@C;M0R#Z4d30p-L{7#^R2)QZdd{S@6^62N)Sf`3
zx%5@sPU?oEu8dzLB?~3Ie9%-1gm=IkmDJ!uD2jy6LzUmJ^Z~t4d&RV(1s=qwF6>V?
z7nnI4Isz{`%-K{7qB&vA`<3jTm7g)_!x$jY)z^9{>F3#{!Z}TibxiwoWAIVRun@Yb
x00j}S0RXfhOJQ<sAX8yuYh`qFAUtbwb3kKZZ*wkTVQqCTWn^_eumJ$DKY8JkR{8({

delta 10
RcmezVnQ{Lo#*I7dD*+=A1-}3Q

diff --git a/doc/manuals-version b/doc/manuals-version
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b47f3442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/manuals-version
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!entity manuals-version "0.2.0.0">
+<!entity dpkg-version "1.3.7">
diff --git a/doc/policy.sgml b/doc/policy.sgml
index 998b3696..2b5dbcc1 100644
--- a/doc/policy.sgml
+++ b/doc/policy.sgml
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-<!doctype debiandoc system>
+<!doctype debiandoc system [
+<!entity % manuals-version-def system "manuals-version">
+%manuals-version-def;
+]>
 
 <!--
  Debian Linux package policy manual.
@@ -10,7 +13,7 @@
 
 <title>Debian policy manual
 <author>Ian Jackson <email/ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu/
-<version>version 0.1, <date>
+<version>version &manuals-version; (dpkg &dpkg-version;), <date>
 
 <abstract>
 This manual describes the policy requirements which must be satisfied
@@ -338,7 +341,7 @@ Instructions for configuring or using the package should not be
 included - that is what installation scripts, manpages, Info files and
 <tt>/usr/doc/<var/package/</> are for.  Copyright statements and other
 administrivia should not be included - that is what
-<tt>/usr/doc/copyright</> is for.
+<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//copyright</> is for.
 <p>
 
 If you wish to include a list in your extended with entries which are
@@ -397,7 +400,7 @@ don't consider it a bug you should leave the bug in our bug tracking
 system open anyway.
 <p>
 
-Manpages should be installed uncompressed.
+Manpages should be installed compressed using <tt/gzip -9/.
 <p>
 
 If one manpage needs to be accesssible via several names it is better
@@ -461,10 +464,11 @@ binary package to contain it, so that it does not take up disk space
 on the machines of users who do not need or want it installed.
 <p>
 
-It is often a good idea to put text information files that come with
-the source package in <tt>/usr/doc/<var/package/</> in the binary
-package.  However, don't install the instructions for building and
-installing the package, of course!
+It is often a good idea to put text information files (<tt/README/s,
+changelogs, and so forth) that come with the source package in
+<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package/</> in the binary package.  However, don't
+install the instructions for building and installing the package, of
+course!
 
 <sect1>Preferred documentation formats
 <p>
@@ -489,7 +493,23 @@ These files should not be referenced by any program - they're there
 for the benefit of the system administrator and users, as
 documentation only.
 
-<sect1 id="copyrightfile"><tt>/usr/doc/copyright/<var/package/</tt>
+<sect1 id="instchangelog"><tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//changelog.Debian.gz</tt>
+<p>
+
+This installed file must contain a copy of the <tt>debian/changelog</>
+file from your Debian source tree.
+<p>
+
+It should be installed compressed using <tt/gzip -9/, as it will
+become large with time even if it starts out small.
+<p>
+
+If the package has only one changelog which is used both as the Debian
+changelog and the upstream one because there is no separate upstream
+maintainer then the changelog should usually be installed as
+<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//changelog.gz</> instead.
+
+<sect1 id="copyrightfile"><tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//copyright</tt>
 <p>
 
 This file must contain details of the authorship and copyright of the
@@ -508,14 +528,16 @@ Regents of the University of California at Berkeley (BSD) licence or
 Larry Wall's Artistic Licence please say so instead of including a
 copy of the licence.  The files <tt/BSD/, <tt/GPL/, <tt/LGPL/ and
 <tt/Artistic/ are be available in <tt>/usr/doc/copyright</tt> for you
-to refer to.  The package's copyright file should not be compressed.
+to refer to.
+<p>
+
+The copyright file should not be compressed unless it is very large.
 <p>
 
 Do not use the copyright file as a general <tt/README/ file.  If your
 package has such a file it should be installed in
 <tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//README</> or <tt/README.Debian/ or some
-other appropriate place.  Do not make links between
-<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package/</> and the <tt/copyright/ directory.
+other appropriate place.
 
 <sect1>Symbolic links
 <p>
@@ -841,7 +863,9 @@ the combined shared libraries package).
 <p>
 
 Follow the directions in the <prgn/dpkg/ programmers' manual for
-putting the shared library in its package.
+putting the shared library in its package, and make sure you include a
+<tt/shlibs/ control area file with details of the dependencies for
+packages which use the library.
 
 <sect>Application configuration files, dotfiles and <tt>/etc/skel</>
 <p>
@@ -1042,6 +1066,78 @@ problems.
 
 <chapt id="sourcepkg">Source package
 
+<sect>Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer
+<p>
+
+Under certain circumstances it is necessary for someone other than the
+usual package maintainer to make a release of a package.  For example,
+a porter for another architecture may have to make some small changes
+to the source package and does not wish to wait with uploading their
+release until the main maintainer has incorporated the patch, or a
+serious security problem may have come to light requiring immediate
+attention.
+<p>
+
+Maintainers other than the usual package maintainer should make as few
+changes to the package as possible, and they should always send a
+unified context diff (<tt/diff -u/) detailing their changes to the bug
+tracking system properly flagged with the correct package so that the
+usual maintainer is kept aware of the situation.
+<p>
+
+When someone other than the usual maintainer releases a package they
+should add a new component to the <var/debian-revision/ component of
+the version number - that is, the portion after the (last) hyphen.
+This extra component will start at <tt/1/.  This is to avoid
+`stealing' one of the usual maintainer's version numbers, possibly
+disrupting their work.  If there is no <var/debian-revision/ component
+in the version number then one should be created, starting at <tt/1/.
+<p>
+
+If it is absolutely necessary for someone other than the usual
+maintainer to make a release based on a new upstream version then the
+person making the release should start with the <var/debian-revision/
+value <tt/0.1/.  The usual maintainer of a package should start their
+<var/debian-revision/ numbering at <tt/1/.
+
+
+<sect>Standards conformance and <tt/Standards-Version/
+<p>
+
+You should specify the most recent version of the packaging standards
+with which your package complies in the source package's
+<tt/Standards-Version/ field.
+<p>
+
+This value will be used to file bug reports automatically if your
+package becomes too much out of date.
+<p>
+
+The value corresponds to a version of the Debian manuals, as can be
+found on the title page or page headers and footers (depending on the
+format).  The value for this version of the manuals and packaging
+standards is <tt/&manuals-version;/.
+<p>
+
+The version number has four components - major and minor number and
+major and minor patchlevel.  When the standards change in a way that
+requires every package to change the major number will be changed.
+Significant changes that will require work in many packages will be
+signaled by a change to the minor number.  The major patchlevel will
+be changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however
+small; the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic,
+typographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+<p>
+
+You should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of
+date, install the most recent version of dpkg and read
+<tt>/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog-manuals</> to see which changes, if any,
+are relevant.  If any are relevant you should look up the relevant
+section in the policy or programmers' manuals and update your package.
+When your package complies with the new standards you may update the
+<tt/Standards-Version/ source package field and release it.
+
+
 <sect>Documentation and the <tt/changelog/
 <p>
 
@@ -1050,7 +1146,7 @@ the <tt>debian/changelog</tt> file.
 <p>
 
 A copy of the file which will be installed in
-<tt>/usr/doc/copyright/<var/package/</tt> should be in
+<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//copyright</tt> should be in
 <tt>debian/copyright</tt>.
 <p>
 
@@ -1219,4 +1315,153 @@ see the responses.
 As ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're
 replying to.
 
+
+<chapt id="conversion">Conversion procedure from old source packages
+<p>
+
+This is a brief summary of the procedure for converting a
+pre-2.0.0.0-format source package into the new format.
+<p>
+
+You are strongly advised to download and examine the <prgn/hello/
+package, and to read the section in the <prgn/dpkg/ programmers'
+manual describing the source packaging tools.  More detail about the
+exact functionality of these tools is available in <manref
+name=dpkg-source section=1>.
+<p>
+
+<list>
+
+<item>
+Download the original source code from wherever it can be found and do
+any rearrangement required to make it look like the original tree of
+the Debian source.  Put it in
+<tt><var/package/-<var/upstream-version/.orig/</> or
+<tt/<var/package/_<var/upstream-version/.orig.tar.gz/.
+
+<item>
+Rename all files <tt/debian.*/ to <tt>debian/*</>.  There may be some
+exceptions to this, but this is a good start.
+
+<item>
+Edit the <tt>debian/changelog</> - create or rename it if necessary.
+Add a new revision to the top with the appropriate details, and a
+local variables entry to the bottom to set Emacs to the right mode:
+<example>
+Local variables:
+mode: debian-changelog
+End:
+</example>
+
+<item>
+Edit/create <tt>debian/control</>:
+<list compact>
+<item>
+Remove the <tt/Version/ field.  If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the -v option to
+dpkg-gencontrol (see below).  <tt/Section/, <tt/Priority/,
+<tt/Maintainer/ go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.
+
+<item>
+Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.
+
+<item>
+Add the <tt/Source/ field.
+
+<item>
+Add the <tt/Standards-Version/ field.  The current value is
+<tt/&manuals-version;/.
+
+<item>
+Change the <tt/Architecture/ field for each package to <tt/any/,
+<tt/all/ or whatever.  If there isn't an <tt/Architecture/ field add
+one.
+
+<item>
+If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/'s variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect.  Use <tt>debian/substvars</> if
+you need to put unusally-generated information (apart from details of
+<tt/.deb/ files) in the <tt/.changes/ file too.
+</list>
+
+<item>
+Edit the <tt>debian/rules</>:
+<list compact>
+<item>
+Remove the <prgn/source/ and <prgn/diff/ and any <prgn/changes/ and
+<prgn/dist/ targets.  These things now happen in a package-independent
+way and are not done by <tt>debian/rules</>.
+<item>
+Split the <prgn/binary/ target into <prgn/binary-arch/ and
+<prgn/binary-indep/; in many cases all of <prgn/binary/ should go into
+<prgn/binary-arch/.  Create the <prgn/binary/ target and the unused of
+the two other <prgn/binary-*/ targets if there is one - you can copy
+the ones from the <prgn/hello/ package.
+<item>
+Change the <prgn/binary/ target to use <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ to make
+the package control file(s).  Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last <prgn/chown/ and <prgn/chmod/ in
+the target.
+<item>
+Change occurrences of <tt/debian-tmp/ to <tt>debian/tmp</>.
+<item>
+Change occurrences of <tt/debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}/ to
+<tt>debian/*</>.
+<item>
+Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.
+<item>
+Ensure that the package's Debian-specific and upstream changelogs are
+installed.
+</list>
+
+<item>
+Check that the <tt>debian/README</> is really the copyright file, and
+if so rename it to <tt>debian/copyright</> and edit
+<tt>debian/rules</> to cope with this and to change the installation
+of the copyright file from <tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//copyright</>
+instead of <tt>/usr/doc/copyright/<var/package/</>.  If it isn't then
+find <tt>debian/copyright</> and decide what to do with the
+<tt>README</>.
+
+<item>
+Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+<list compact>
+<item>
+Remove any <tt/Package_Revision/, <tt/Package-Revision/ or
+<tt/Revision/ fields.
+<item>
+Rename <tt/Optional/ to <tt/Suggests/, <tt/Recommended/ to
+<tt/Recommends/.
+<item>
+Change <tt>/usr/doc/examples/<var/package/</> to
+<tt>/usr/doc/<var/package//examples</>.
+<item>
+Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.
+<item>
+Check that the description has an extended description, is
+well-formatted and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.
+</list>
+
+<item>
+Look everything over.
+
+<item>
+Do a test build using <tt/dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -r<var/whatever//.
+Check the permissions and locations of files in the resulting package
+by eyeballing the output of <tt/dpkg-deb --contents/, and check that
+the source build happened OK.  Test install the binary package(s) and
+test extract the source package(s).
+
+<item>
+Sign the release: either re-run <prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ (this will
+rebuild the package entirely), or PGP-sign the <tt/.dsc/, rebuild the
+<tt/.changes/ using <prgn/dpkg-genchanges/, and then PGP-sign the
+<tt/.changes/.
+
+</list>
+
 </book>
diff --git a/doc/policy.text b/doc/policy.text
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..62d9d93c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/policy.text
@@ -0,0 +1,1329 @@
+
+                           Debian policy manual
+                           --------------------
+                   Ian Jackson <ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
+               version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7), 22 August 1996 
+
+0.1 Abstract
+------------
+
+     This manual describes the policy requirements which must be satisfied
+     for a package to be included in the Debian distribution. This includes
+     details of the permissions and ownerships of files in packages and
+     other technical requirements as well as information like the upload
+     procedure.
+
+0.2 Contents
+------------
+
+     1.        Introduction and scope of this manual
+
+     2.        Package copyright
+
+     3.        Contents of the binary package 
+     3.1.      Control file requirements 
+     3.2.      Locations of files
+     3.3.      Permissions and ownerships
+     3.4.      Configuration files
+     3.5.      Maintainer scripts
+     3.6.      Scripts in general
+     3.7.      Compilation options
+     3.8.      Shared library packages
+     3.9.      Application configuration files, dotfiles and `/etc/skel'
+     3.10.     Mail processing on Debian systems
+     3.11.     Packages which can use the X shared libraries
+     3.12.     Games
+     3.13.     Allocating package-specific users and groups
+
+     4.        Source package 
+     4.1.      Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian
+               maintainer
+     4.2.      Standards conformance and `Standards-Version'
+     4.3.      Documentation and the `changelog'
+     4.4.      Changes to the upstream sources
+     4.5.      Error trapping in makefiles
+
+     5.        How to become a Debian developer 
+     5.1.      Before you start work
+     5.2.      When you have a package to upload
+     5.3.      Upload handling - `.changes' files
+
+     6.        The Debian mailing lists
+
+     7.        Conversion procedure from old source packages
+
+     0.3.      Copyright Notice
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+1. Introduction and scope of this manual
+----------------------------------------
+
+     This manual describes the criteria that a Debian-format package must
+     satisfy to be included in the Debian distribution.
+
+     Much of this information will be useful even when building a package
+     which is to be distributed in some other way or is for local use.
+
+     This manual does *not* describe the technical mechanisms involved in
+     package creation, installation and removal. This information can be
+     found in the dpkg programmers' manual and the dpkg system
+     administrators' manual.
+
+     This document assumes familiarity with these other two manuals.
+
+     The Debian version of the FSF's GNU hello program is provided as an
+     example for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+
+     *Note that this document is still a draft!* 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+2. Package copyright
+--------------------
+
+     Please study the copyright of your submission *carefully* and
+     understand it before proceeding. If you have doubts or questions,
+     please ask.
+
+     The aims of the policy detailed below are: 
+        * That any user be able to rebuild any package in the official
+          Debian distribution from the original source plus our patches.
+        * That we make available in our packaging formats as much software
+          as we can.
+        * That it be easy for people to make CDROMs of our distribution
+          without violating copyrights.
+
+     All packages in the Debian distribution proper must be freely useable,
+     modifiable and redistributable in both source and binary form. It must
+     be possible for anyone to distribute and use modified source code and
+     their own own compiled binaries, at least when they do so as part of a
+     Debian distribution.
+
+     Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do
+     not allow distribution and copying for profit, without restriction on
+     the amount charged, or where distribution is restricted according to
+     the medium used, or where the distributor must ask any kind of special
+     permission of the authors, or with other onerous conditions, may only
+     be placed in the semi-supported non-free section of the Debian FTP
+     archives. This is important so that CDROM manufacturers can distribute
+     Debian without having to check the copyright of each package
+     individually, simply by leaving out the contents of the non-free area;
+     CDROM distributors are encouraged, though, to check the copyrights on
+     programs in non-free individually and include as many as they can.
+
+     Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) allow
+     only distribution of compiled binaries (and thus of which only
+     binaries are available), or where the source code which may be
+     distributed is not the complete source code required to compile the
+     program (ie, the program cannot be compiled using only packages in the
+     main Debian distribution), or which depend for their use on non-free
+     or contrib packages, or allow free use only for a trial period
+     (shareware), or are demonstration programs lacking vital functionality
+     (crippleware), or are only installer-packages which require the user
+     to supply a separate file to be installed, or which fail to meet some
+     other policy requirements, may only be placed in the semi-supported
+     contrib section of the Debian FTP archives (unless they need to be in
+     non-free - see above).
+
+     Programs whose authors encourage the user to make donations are fine
+     for the main distribution, provided that the authors do not claim that
+     not donating is immoral, unethical, illegal or something similar;
+     otherwise they must go in contrib (or non-free, if even distribution
+     is restricted by such statements).
+
+     Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do
+     not allow redistribution even of only binaries, and where no special
+     permission has been obtained, cannot placed on the Debian FTP site and
+     its mirrors at all.
+
+     Note that under international copyright law[1] *no* distribution or
+     modification of a work is allowed without an explicit notice saying
+     so. Therefore a program without a copyright notice *is* copyrighted
+     and you may not do anything to it without risking being sued! Likewise
+     if a program has a copyright notice but no statement saying what is
+     permitted then nothing is permitted.
+
+     [1]  This applies in the United States, too.
+
+     Many authors are unaware of the problems that restrictive copyrights
+     (or lack of copyright notices) can cause for the users of their
+     supposedly-free software. It is often worthwhile contacting such
+     authors diplomatically to ask them to modify their terms generally, or
+     specially for Debian. However, this is a politically difficult thing
+     to do and you should ask for advice on debian-devel first.
+
+     When in doubt, send mail to <debian-devel@lists.debian.org>. Be
+     prepared to provide us with the copyright statement. Software covered
+     by the GPL, public domain software and BSD-like copyrights are safe;
+     be wary of the phrases `commercial use prohibited' and `distribution
+     restricted'.
+
+     Every package submission *must* be accompanied by verbatim copy of its
+     copyright (with the exceptions of public domain packages and those
+     covered by the UCB BSD licence or the GNU GPL or LGPL; in these cases
+     simply indicate which is appropriate). This information must be
+     included in a file installed by the binary package - see subsection
+     3.2.6, ``/usr/doc/<package>/copyright''. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+3. Contents of the binary package 
+----------------------------------
+
+
+3.1. Control file requirements 
+-------------------------------
+
+3.1.1. `Maintainer' information
+-------------------------------
+
+     All packages must have a `Maintainer' field with the correct name and
+     a working email address for the Debian maintainer of the package. If
+     one person maintains several packages they should try to avoid having
+     different forms of their name and address in different `Maintainer'
+     fields. 
+
+3.1.2. Dependencies and virtual packages
+----------------------------------------
+
+     Add a dependency for any shared libraries required by
+     dynamically-linked executable binaries in your package. Almost every
+     package containing compiled C code should therefore include a
+     `Depends' field which mentions the shared C library required for the
+     program to run. For ELF binaries linked against `libc.so.5' the
+     relevant package name is `libc5'.
+
+     All packages must use virtual package names where appropriate, and
+     arrange to create new ones if necessary. They must not use virtual
+     package names (except privately, amongst a cooperating group of
+     packages) unless they have been agreed upon and appear in the list of
+     virtual package names.
+
+     The latest version of the authoritative list of virtual package names
+     can be found on ftp.debian.org in
+     /debian/doc/package-developer/virtual-package-names-list.text or your
+     local mirror. The procedure for updating it is described at the top of
+     the file. 
+
+3.1.3. `Section' and `Priority'
+-------------------------------
+
+     Decide whether your package can go in `non-free', `contrib' or the
+     main distribution - see chapter 2, `Package copyright', and put an
+     appropriate value for the distribution in the `debian/changelog' file.
+
+     The `Priority' and `Section' control file fields give information for
+     classifying the package in dselect and say which directory to place it
+     in the FTP archive.
+
+     They are ultimately the responsibility of the distribution
+     maintainers; however, you should suggest values for them in your
+     `.changes' information when you upload a package. You do this by
+     including appropriate information in the `debian/control' file before
+     building the packages.
+
+     For a list of the currently in-use sections, please see the FTP
+     archive. Packages in the non-free and contrib areas should have
+     section `non-free' and `contrib', respectively. 
+
+3.1.3.1. `Priority' values
+--------------------------
+
+     `required'
+          `required' packages are necessary for the proper functioning of
+          the system. You must not remove these packages or your system may
+          become totally broken and you may probably not even be able to
+          use dpkg to put things back. Systems with only the `required'
+          packages are probably unuseable, but they do have enough
+          functionality to allow the sysadmin to boot and install more
+          software. 
+
+     `important'
+          Important programs, including those which one would expect to
+          find on any Unix-like system. If the expectation is that an
+          experienced Unix person who found it missing would go `What the
+          F*!@<+ is going on, where is foo', it should be in `important'.
+          This is an important criterion because we are trying to produce,
+          amongst other things, a free Unix. Other packages without which
+          the system will not run well or be useable should also be here.
+          This does *not* include Emacs or X11 or TeX or any other large
+          applications. The `important' packages are just a bare minimum of
+          commonly-expected and necessary tools. 
+
+     `standard'
+          These packages provide a reasonably small but not too limited
+          character-mode system. This is what will install by default if
+          the user doesn't select anything else. It doesn't include many
+          large applications, but it does include Emacs (this is more of a
+          piece of infrastructure than an application) and a reasonable
+          subset of TeX and LaTeX (if this is possible without X). 
+
+     `optional'[1]
+          This is all the software that you might reasonably want to
+          install if you didn't know what it was or don't have specialised
+          requirements. This is a much larger system and includes X11, a
+          full TeX distribution, and lots of applications. 
+
+          [1]  In a sense everything is optional that isn't required, but
+               that's not what is meant here.
+
+     `extra'
+          This contains packages that conflict with others with higher
+          priorities, or are only likely to be useful if you already know
+          what they are or have specialised requirements. 
+
+     Priority values are not case-sensitive. 
+
+3.1.3.2. Base packages
+----------------------
+
+     Some packages have `Section: base' and are in the `base' subdirectory
+     on the FTP archives. These are the packages that are supplied on the
+     base disks. They are the minimum sensible set for installing new
+     packages (perhaps via a network).
+
+     Most of these packages should have `Priority: required' or at least
+     `Priority: important'. 
+
+3.1.4. The `Essential' flag
+---------------------------
+
+     The `Essential: yes' control file field should not be used unless
+     removing a package really will completely hose the system; nor should
+     it be used for a shared library package - the dependencies will
+     prevent its premature removal, and we need to be able to remove it
+     when it has been superseded. 
+
+3.1.5. Including `Priority' and `Section' in the `.deb' control file
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+     If a user installs a package which is not part of the standard
+     distribution, or without downloading and updating from a new Packages
+     file, the information about the priority and section of a package will
+     be absent, and the dselect package listing will have the package
+     listed under `unclassified'. In order to improve this it is
+     permissible to use the `-is', `-isp' or `-ip' option to
+     dpkg-gencontrol, so that the `Section' and/or `Priority' is copied
+     into the actual control information in the `.deb' file. However, if
+     you do this you should make sure you keep the information up to date
+     so that users are not shown conflicting information. 
+
+3.1.6. Formatting of the `Description' control file field
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+     Every Debian package should have an extended description.
+
+     The description should be written so that it tells the user what they
+     need to know to decide whether to install the package. This
+     description should not just be copied from the blurb for the program.
+     Instructions for configuring or using the package should not be
+     included - that is what installation scripts, manpages, Info files and
+     `/usr/doc/<package>' are for. Copyright statements and other
+     administrivia should not be included - that is what
+     `/usr/doc/<package>/copyright' is for.
+
+     If you wish to include a list in your extended with entries which are
+     a line or more each you must indent each entry by one space to make
+     sure that it doesn't get wordwrapped. The start of each list entry
+     should be marked with an asterisk, followed by a single space. You
+     must wrap the list entries yourself to 75 columns, and should start
+     continuation lines indented by three spaces so that they line up with
+     the start of the text on the first line of each list entry.
+
+     See the programmers' manual for further requirements and pitfalls. 
+
+
+3.2. Locations of files
+-----------------------
+
+     The location of all installed files and directories must comply fully
+     with the Linux File System Standard (FSSTND). The latest version of
+     this document can be found alongside this manual or on tsx-11.mit.edu
+     in /pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/. Specific questions about
+     following the standard may be asked on debian-devel, or referred to
+     Daniel Quinlan, the FSSTND coordinator, at <quinlan@yggdrasil.com>.
+
+
+3.2.1. Manpages
+---------------
+
+     You must install manpages in nroff source form, in appropriate places
+     under `/usr/man'. You should only use sections 1 to 9 (see the FSSTND
+     for more details). You must *not* install a preformatted `cat page'.
+
+     If no manual page is available for a particular program, utility or
+     function and this is reported as a bug on debian-bugs, a symbolic link
+     from the requested manual page to the undocumented(7) manual page
+     should be provided. This symbolic link can be created from
+     `debian/rules' like this: 
+          ln -s ../man7/undocumented.7 \
+           debian/tmp/usr/man/man[1-9]/the_requested_manpage.[1-9]
+     This manpage claims that the lack of a manpage has been reported as a
+     bug, so you may only do this if it really has (you can report it
+     yourself, if you like). Do not close the bug report until a proper
+     manpage is available.
+
+     You may forward a complaint about a missing manpage to the upstream
+     authors, and mark the bug as forwarded in the Debian bug tracking
+     system. Even though the GNU Project do not in general consider the
+     lack of a manpage to be a bug, we do - if they tell you that they
+     don't consider it a bug you should leave the bug in our bug tracking
+     system open anyway.
+
+     Manpages should be installed compressed using `gzip -9'.
+
+     If one manpage needs to be accesssible via several names it is better
+     to use a symbolic link than the `.so' feature, but there is no need to
+     fiddle with the relevant parts of the upstream source to change from
+     `.so' to symlinks - don't do it unless it's easy. Do not create hard
+     links in the manual page directories, and do not put absolute
+     filenames in `.so' directives. The filename in a `.so' in a manpage
+     should be relative to the base of the manpage tree (usually
+     `/usr/man'). 
+
+3.2.2. Info documents
+---------------------
+
+     Info documents should be installed in `/usr/info'. They should be
+     compressed with `gzip -9'.
+
+     Your package must call install-info to update the Info `dir' file, in
+     its post-installation script: 
+          install-info --quiet --section Development Development \
+            /usr/info/foobar.info
+
+     It is a good idea to specify a section for the location of your
+     program; this is done with the `--section' switch. To determine which
+     section to use, you should use look at `/usr/info/dir' on your system
+     and choose the most relevant (or create a new section if none of the
+     current sections are relevant). Note that the `--section' flag takes
+     two arguments; the first is a regular expression to match
+     (case-insensitively) against an existing section, the second is used
+     when creating a new one.
+
+     You must remove the entries in the pre-removal script: 
+          install-info --quiet --remove /usr/info/foobar.info
+
+     If install-info cannot find a description entry in the Info file you
+     will have to supply one. See install-info(8) for details. 
+
+3.2.3. Additional documentation
+-------------------------------
+
+     Any additional documentation that comes with the package can be
+     installed at the discretion of the package maintainer. Text
+     documentation should be installed in a directory
+     `/usr/doc/<package>'[1] and compressed with `gzip -9' unless it is
+     small.
+
+     [1]  Where <package> is the name of the package.
+
+     If a package comes with large amounts of documentation which many
+     users of the package will not require you should create a separate
+     binary package to contain it, so that it does not take up disk space
+     on the machines of users who do not need or want it installed.
+
+     It is often a good idea to put text information files (`README's,
+     changelogs, and so forth) that come with the source package in
+     `/usr/doc/<package>' in the binary package. However, don't install the
+     instructions for building and installing the package, of course! 
+
+3.2.4. Preferred documentation formats
+--------------------------------------
+
+     The unification of Debian documentation is being carried out via HTML.
+
+     If your package comes with extensive documentation in a markup format
+     that can be converted to various other formats you should if possible
+     ship HTML versions in the binary package, in the directory
+     `/usr/doc/<package>' or its subdirectories.
+
+     Other formats such as PostScript may be provided at your option. 
+
+3.2.4.1. Examples
+-----------------
+
+     Any examples (configurations, source files, whatever), should be
+     installed in a directory `/usr/doc/<package>/examples'. These files
+     should not be referenced by any program - they're there for the
+     benefit of the system administrator and users, as documentation only. 
+
+3.2.5. `/usr/doc/<package>/changelog.Debian.gz'
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+     This installed file must contain a copy of the `debian/changelog' file
+     from your Debian source tree.
+
+     It should be installed compressed using `gzip -9', as it will become
+     large with time even if it starts out small.
+
+     If the package has only one changelog which is used both as the Debian
+     changelog and the upstream one because there is no separate upstream
+     maintainer then the changelog should usually be installed as
+     `/usr/doc/<package>/changelog.gz' instead. 
+
+3.2.6. `/usr/doc/<package>/copyright'
+-------------------------------------
+
+     This file must contain details of the authorship and copyright of the
+     package. It must say where the upstream sources (if any) were
+     obtained, and explain briefly what modifications were made in the
+     Debian version of the package compared to the upstream one. It must
+     name the original authors of the package and the Debian maintainer(s)
+     who were involved with its creation.
+
+     It must contain the full text of the copyright notice and any
+     acknowledgements for the program and the licence terms under which the
+     program is distributed. If the package is distributed under the GNU
+     General Public Licence, the GNU Library General Public Licence, the
+     Regents of the University of California at Berkeley (BSD) licence or
+     Larry Wall's Artistic Licence please say so instead of including a
+     copy of the licence. The files `BSD', `GPL', `LGPL' and `Artistic' are
+     be available in `/usr/doc/copyright' for you to refer to.
+
+     The copyright file should not be compressed unless it is very large.
+
+     Do not use the copyright file as a general `README' file. If your
+     package has such a file it should be installed in
+     `/usr/doc/<package>/README' or `README.Debian' or some other
+     appropriate place. 
+
+3.2.7. Symbolic links
+---------------------
+
+     Most symbolic links should be relative, not absolute. Absolute links,
+     in general, cause problems when a file system is not mounted where it
+     "normally" resides (for example, when mounted via NFS).
+
+     In particular, symlinks from one part of `/usr' to another should be
+     relative.
+
+     In certain cases, however, relative links may cause more problems. For
+     example, links into `/etc' and `/var' should be absolute.
+
+     Note that when creating a relative link using ln it is not necessary
+     for the target of the link to exist relative to the working directory
+     you're running ln from; nor is it necessary to change directory to the
+     directory where the link is to be made. Simply include the string that
+     should appear as the target of the link (this will be a pathname
+     relative to the directory in which the link resides) as the first
+     argument to ln.
+
+     For example, in your Makefile or `debian/rules', do things like: 
+          ln -fs gcc $(prefix)/bin/cc
+          ln -fs gcc debian/tmp/usr/bin/cc
+          ln -fs ../sbin/sendmail $(prefix)/bin/runq
+          ln -fs ../sbin/sendmail debian/tmp/usr/bin/runq
+
+3.2.8. Logfiles
+---------------
+
+     Logfiles should usually be named `/var/log/<package>.log'. If you have
+     many logfiles, or need a separate directory for permissions reasons
+     (`/var/log' is writeable only by `root'), you should usually create a
+     directory named `/var/log/<package>'.
+
+     Make sure that any logfiles are rotated occasionally using so that
+     they don't grow indefinitely; the best way to do this is to use
+     savelog program in an `/etc/cron.daily', `/etc/cron.weekly' or
+     `/etc/cron.monthly' script.
+
+     Make sure that any logfiles are removed when the package is purged
+     (but not when it is only removed), by checking the argument to the
+     postrm script (see the programmer's manual for details). 
+
+3.2.9. `/usr/local' - for the use of the system administrator
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+
+     As mandated by the FSSTND no package should place any files in
+     `/usr/local', either by putting them in the filesystem archive to be
+     unpacked by dpkg or by manipulating them in their maintainer scripts.
+
+     Every package that searches a number of directories or files for
+     something (for example, looking for shared libraries in `/lib' or
+     `/usr/lib') should search an appropriate directory in `/usr/local'
+     too.
+
+     In order that the system administrator may know where to place
+     additional files a package should create an empty directory in the
+     appropriate place in `/usr/local' by supplying it in the filesystem
+     archive for unpacking by dpkg. The `/usr/local' directory itself and
+     all the subdirectories created by the package should have permissions
+     2775 (group-writeable and set-group-id) and be owned by `root.staff'.
+
+     In the future it will be possible to tell dpkg not to unpack files
+     matching certain patterns, so that system administrators who do not
+     wish these directories in `/usr/local' do not need to have them. 
+
+
+3.3. Permissions and ownerships
+-------------------------------
+
+     The rules in this section are guidelines for general use. If necessary
+     you may deviate from the details below. However, if you do so you must
+     make sure that what is done is secure and you must try to be as
+     consistent as possible with the rest of the system. You should
+     probably also discuss it on debian-devel first.
+
+     Files should be owned by `root.root', and made writeable only by the
+     owner and universally readable (and executable, if appropriate).
+
+     Directories should be mode 755 or (for group-writability) mode 2775.
+     The ownership of the directory should be consistent with its mode - if
+     a directory is mode 2775, it should be owned by the group that needs
+     write access to it.
+
+     Setuid and setgid executables should be mode 4755 or 2755
+     respectively, and owned by the appropriate user or group. They should
+     not be made unreadable (modes like 4711 or 2711 or even 4111); doing
+     so achieves no extra security, because anyone can find the binary in
+     the freely available Debian package - it is merely inconvenient. For
+     the same reason you should not restrict read or execute permissions on
+     non-set-id executables.
+
+     Some setuid programs need to be restricted to particular sets of
+     users, using file permissions. In this case they should be owned by
+     the uid to which they are set-id, and by the group which should be
+     allowed to execute them. They should have mode 4754; there is no point
+     in making them unreadable to those users who must not be allowed to
+     execute them.
+
+     Do not arrange that the system administrator can only reconfigure the
+     package to correspond to their local security policy by changing the
+     permissions on a binary. Ordinary files installed by dpkg (as opposed
+     to conffiles and other similar objects) have their permissions reset
+     to the distributed permissions when the package is reinstalled.
+     Instead you should consider (for example) creating a group for people
+     allowed to use the program(s) and making any setuid executables
+     executable only by that group.
+
+     Shared libraries should be installed executable. 
+
+
+3.4. Configuration files
+------------------------
+
+     Any configuration files created or used by your package should reside
+     in `/etc'. If there are several you should consider creating a
+     subdirectory named after your package.
+
+     It is almost certain that any file in `/etc' that is in your package's
+     filesystem archive should be listed in dpkg's `conffiles' control area
+     file. (See the dpkg programmers' manual). 
+
+
+3.5. Maintainer scripts
+-----------------------
+
+     The package installation scripts should avoid producing output which
+     it is unnecessary for the user to see and should rely on dpkg to stave
+     off boredom on the part of a user installing many packages. This
+     means, amongst other things, using the `--quiet' option on
+     install-info.
+
+     Packages should try to minimise the amount of prompting they need to
+     do, and they should ensure that the user will only every be asked each
+     question once. This means that packages should try to use appropriate
+     shared configuration files (such as `/etc/papersize' and
+     `/etc/news/server', rather than each prompting for their own list of
+     required pieces of information.
+
+     It also means that an upgrade should not ask the same questions again,
+     unless the user has used `dpkg --purge' to remove the package's
+     configuration. The answers to configuration questions should be stored
+     in an appropriate place in `/etc' so that the user can modify them,
+     and how this has been done should be documented.
+
+     If a package has a vitally important piece of information to pass to
+     the user (such as "don't run me as I am, you must edit the following
+     configuration files first or you risk your system emitting
+     badly-formatted messages"), it should display this in the postinst
+     script and prompt the user to hit return to acknowledge the message.
+     Copyright messages do not count as vitally important (they belong in
+     `/usr/doc/copyright'); neither do instructions on how to use a program
+     (these should be in on line documentation, where all the users can see
+     them).
+
+     Any necessary prompting should almost always be confined to the
+     post-installation script, and should be protected with a conditional
+     so that unnecssary prompting doesn't happen if a package's
+     installation fails and the postinst is called with `abort-upgrade',
+     `abort-remove' or `abort-deconfigure'.
+
+     Errors which occur during the execution of an installation script
+     *must* be checked and the installation *must not* continue after an
+     error.
+
+     The section below on scripts in general applies to package maintainer
+     scripts too. 
+
+
+3.6. Scripts in general
+-----------------------
+
+     All command scripts, including the package maintainer scripts inside
+     the package and used by dpkg, should have a `#!' line naming the shell
+     to be used to interpret them.
+
+     In the case of Perl scripts this should be `#!/usr/bin/perl'.
+
+     Shell scripts (sh and bash) should almost certainly start with `set
+     -e' so that errors are detected. Every script *must* use `set -e' or
+     check the exit status of *every* command.
+
+     Perl scripts should check for errors when making any system calls,
+     including `open', `print', `close', `rename' and `system'.
+
+     csh and tcsh should be avoided as scripting languages. See Csh
+     Programming Considered Harmful, one of the `comp.unix.*' FAQs. If an
+     upstream package comes with csh scripts then you must make sure that
+     they start with `#!/bin/csh' and make your package depend on csh.
+
+
+
+3.7. Compilation options
+------------------------
+
+     Generally the following compilation parameters should be used: 
+          CC = gcc
+          CFLAGS = -O2 -g -Wall # sane warning options vary between programs
+          LDFLAGS = # none
+          install -s # (or use strip on the files in debian/tmp)
+
+     Note that all installed binaries should be stripped, either by using
+     the `-s' flag to install, or by calling strip on the binaries after
+     they have been copied into `debian/tmp' but before the tree is made
+     into a package.
+
+     Make sure that you do not link with `-g', as this makes a.out
+     compilers produce huge statically linked binaries. The `-g' flag is
+     useful on compilation so that you have available a full set of
+     debugging symbols in your built source tree, in case anyone should
+     file a bug report involving (for example) a core dump.
+
+     The `-N' flag should not be used. On a.out systems it may have been
+     useful for some very small binaries, but for ELF it has no good
+     effect.
+
+     It is up to the package maintainer to decide what compilation options
+     are best for the package. Certain binaries (such as
+     computationally-intensive programs) may function better with certain
+     flags (`-O3', for example); feel free to use them. Please use good
+     judgment here. Don't use flags for the sake of it; only use them if
+     there is good reason to do so. Feel free to override the upstream
+     author's ideas about which compilation options are best - they are
+     often inappropriate for our environment.
+
+     Please make sure that you use only released versions of shared
+     libraries to build your packages; otherwise other users will not be
+     able to run your binaries properly. Producing source packages that
+     depend on unreleased compilers is also usually a bad idea. 
+
+
+3.8. Shared library packages
+----------------------------
+
+     Packages involving shared libraries should be split up into several
+     binary packages.
+
+     For a straightforward library which has a development environment and
+     a runtime kit including just shared libraries you need to create two
+     packages: `<libraryname><soname>'[1] and `<libraryname><soname>-dev'.
+
+     [1]  <soname> is the shared object name of the shared library - it's
+          the thing that has to match exactly between building an
+          executable and running it for the dynamic linker to be able run
+          the program. Usually the <soname> is the major number of the
+          library.
+
+     If you prefer only to support one development version time you may
+     name the development package `<libraryname>-dev'; otherwise you may
+     wish to use dpkg's conflicts mechanism to ensure that the user only
+     installs one development version at a time (after all, different
+     development versions are likely to have the same header files in them,
+     causing a filename clash if both are installed). Typically the
+     development version will also need an exact version dependency on the
+     runtime library, to make sure that compilation and linking happens
+     correctly.
+
+     Packages which use the shared library should have a dependency on the
+     name of the shared library package, `<libraryname><soname>'. When the
+     <soname> changes you can have both versions of the library installed
+     while moving from the old library to the new.
+
+     If your package has some run-time support programs which use the
+     shared library you must *not* put them in the shared library package.
+     If you do that then you won't be able to install several versions of
+     the shared library without getting filename clashes. Instead, either
+     create a third package for the runtime binaries (this package might
+     typically be named `<libraryname>-runtime' - note the absence of the
+     <soname> in the package name) or if the development package is small
+     include them in there.
+
+     If you have several shared libraries built from the same source tree
+     you can lump them all togther into a single shared library package,
+     provided that you change all their <soname>s at once (so that you
+     don't get filename clashes if you try to install different versions of
+     the combined shared libraries package).
+
+     Follow the directions in the dpkg programmers' manual for putting the
+     shared library in its package, and make sure you include a `shlibs'
+     control area file with details of the dependencies for packages which
+     use the library. 
+
+
+3.9. Application configuration files, dotfiles and `/etc/skel'
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
+     Files in `/etc/skel' will automatically be copied into new user
+     accounts by adduser. They should not be referenced there by any
+     program.
+
+     Therefore, if a program needs a dotfile to exist in advance in `$HOME'
+     to work sensibly that dotfile should be installed in `/etc/skel' (and
+     listed in conffiles, if it is not generated and modified dynamically
+     by the package's installation scripts).
+
+     However, programs that require dotfiles in order to operate sensibly
+     (dotfiles that they do not create themselves automatically, that is)
+     are a bad thing, and programs should be configured by the Debian
+     default installation as close to normal as possible.
+
+     Therefore, if a program in a Debian package needs to be configured in
+     some way in order to operate sensibly that configuration should be
+     done in a site-wide global configuration file elsewhere in `/etc'.
+     Only if the program doesn't support a site-wide default configuration
+     and the package maintainer doesn't have time to add it should a
+     default per-user file be placed in `/etc/skel'.
+
+     `/etc/skel' should be as empty as we can make it. This is particularly
+     true because there is no easy mechanism for ensuring that the
+     appropriate dotfiles are copied into the accounts of existing users
+     when a package is installed.
+
+     Ideally the sysadmin should ideally not have to do any configuration
+     other than that done (semi-)automatically by the postinst script. 
+
+
+3.10. Mail processing on Debian systems
+---------------------------------------
+
+     Debian packages which process electronic mail, whether
+     mail-user-agents (MUAs) or mail-transport-agents (MTAs), *must* make
+     sure that they are compatible with the configuration decisions below.
+     Failure to do this may result in lost mail, broken `From:' lines, and
+     other serious brain damage!
+
+     The mail spool is `/var/spool/mail' and the interface to send a mail
+     message is `/usr/sbin/sendmail' (as per the FSSTND). The mail spool is
+     part of the base system and not part of the MTA package.
+
+     Mailboxes are locked using the `<username>.lock' lockfile convention,
+     rather than fcntl, flock or lockf.
+
+     Mailboxes are generally 660 `<user>.mail' unless the user has chosen
+     otherwise. A MUA may remove a mailbox (unless it has nonstandard
+     permissions) in which case the MTA or another MUA must recreate it if
+     needed. Mailboxes must be writeable by group mail.
+
+     The mail spool is 2775 `mail.mail', and MUA's need to be setgid mail
+     to do the locking mentioned above (and obviously need to avoid
+     accessing other users' mailboxes using this privilege).
+
+     `/etc/aliases' is the source file for the system mail aliases (e.g.
+     postmaster, usenet, etc.) - it is the one which the sysadmin and
+     postinst scripts may edit. After `/etc/aliases' is edited the program
+     or human editing it must call newaliases. All MTA packages should come
+     with a newaliases program, even if it does nothing, but older MTA
+     packages do not do this so programs should not fail if newaliases
+     cannot be found.
+
+     The convention of writing `forward to <address>' in the mailbox itself
+     is not supported. Use a `.forward' file instead.
+
+     The location for the rmail program used by UUCP for incoming mail is
+     `/usr/sbin/rmail', as per the FSSTND. Likewise, rsmtp, for receiving
+     batch-SMTP-over-UUCP, is in `/usr/sbin/rsmtp' if it is supported.
+
+     If you need to know what name to use (for example) on outgoing news
+     and mail messages which are generated locally, you should use the file
+     `/etc/mailname'. It will contain the portion after the username and
+     `@' (at) sign for email addresses of users on the machine (followed by
+     a newline).
+
+     A package should check for the existence of this file. If it exists it
+     should use it without comment.[1] If it does not exist it should
+     prompt the user for the value and store it in `/etc/mailname' as well
+     as using it in the package's configuration. The prompt should make it
+     clear that the name will not just be used by that package. E.g., in
+     this situation the INN package says: 
+Please enter the `mail name' of your system.  This is the hostname
+portion of the address to be shown on outgoing news and mail messages.
+The default is <syshostname>, your system's host name.
+Mail name [`<syshostname>']:
+     where <syshostname> is the output of `hostname -fqdn'. 
+
+     [1]  An MTA's prompting configuration script may wish to prompt the
+          user even if it finds this file exists.
+
+
+3.11. Packages which can use the X shared libraries
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+     Some programs can be configured with or without support for X Windows.
+     Typically these binaries produced when configured for X will need the
+     X shared libraries to run.
+
+     Such programs should be configured *with* X support, and should
+     declare a dependency on `elf-x11r6lib' (for the X11R6 libraries).
+     Users who wish to use the program can install just the relatively
+     small `xlib' package, and do not need to install the whole of X.
+
+     Do not create two versions (one with X support and one without) of
+     your package. 
+
+
+3.12. Games
+-----------
+
+     The permissions on /var/lib/games are 755 `root.root'.
+
+     Each game decides on its own security policy.
+
+     Games which require protected, privileged access to high-score files,
+     savegames, &c, must be made set-*group*-id (mode 2755) and owned by
+     `root.games', and use files and directories with appropriate
+     permissions (770 `root.games', for example). They must *not* be made
+     set-*user*-id, as this causes security problems.[1]
+
+     [1]  If an attacker can subvert any set-user-id game they can
+          overwrite the executable of any other, causing other players of
+          these cames to run a trojan. With a set-group-id game the
+          attacker only gets access to less important game data, and if
+          they can get at the other players' accounts at all it will take
+          considerably more effort.
+
+     Some packages, for example some fortune cookie programs, are
+     configured by the upstream authors to install with their data files or
+     other static information made unreadable so that they can only be
+     accessed through set-id programs provided. Do not do this in a Debian
+     package: anyone can download the `.deb' file and read the data from
+     it, so there is no point making the files unreadable. Not making the
+     files unreadable also means that you don't have to make so many
+     programs set-id, which reduces the risk of a security hole. 
+
+
+3.13. Allocating package-specific users and groups
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+     If you need to create a new user or group for your package there are
+     two possibilities. Firstly, you may need to make some files in the
+     binary package be owned by this user or group, or you may need to
+     compile the user or group id (rather than just the name) into the
+     binary (though this latter should be avoided if possible). In this
+     case you need a statically allocated id.
+
+     You must ask for a user or group id from the base system maintainer,
+     and must not release the package until you have been allocated one.
+     Once you have been allocated one you must make the package depend on a
+     version of the base system with the id present in `/etc/passwd' or
+     `/etc/group', or alternatively arrange for your package to create the
+     user or group itself with the correct id (using `adduser') in its pre-
+     or post-installation script (the latter is to be preferred if it is
+     possible).
+
+     On the other hand, the program may able to determine the uid or gid
+     from the group name at runtime, so that a dynamic id can be used. In
+     this case you must choose an appropriate user or group name,
+     discussing this on debian-devel and checking with the base system
+     maintainer that it is unique and that they do not wish you to use a
+     statically allocated id instead. When this has been checked you must
+     arrange for your package to create the user or group if necessary
+     using adduser in the pre- or post-installation script (again, the
+     latter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+
+     Note that changing the numeric value of an id associated with a name
+     is very difficult, and involves searching the filesystem for all
+     appropriate files. You need to think carefully whether a static or
+     dynamic id is required, since changing your mind later will cause
+     problems. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+4. Source package 
+------------------
+
+
+4.1. Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+     Under certain circumstances it is necessary for someone other than the
+     usual package maintainer to make a release of a package. For example,
+     a porter for another architecture may have to make some small changes
+     to the source package and does not wish to wait with uploading their
+     release until the main maintainer has incorporated the patch, or a
+     serious security problem may have come to light requiring immediate
+     attention.
+
+     Maintainers other than the usual package maintainer should make as few
+     changes to the package as possible, and they should always send a
+     unified context diff (`diff -u') detailing their changes to the bug
+     tracking system properly flagged with the correct package so that the
+     usual maintainer is kept aware of the situation.
+
+     When someone other than the usual maintainer releases a package they
+     should add a new component to the <debian-revision> component of the
+     version number - that is, the portion after the (last) hyphen. This
+     extra component will start at `1'. This is to avoid `stealing' one of
+     the usual maintainer's version numbers, possibly disrupting their
+     work. If there is no <debian-revision> component in the version number
+     then one should be created, starting at `1'.
+
+     If it is absolutely necessary for someone other than the usual
+     maintainer to make a release based on a new upstream version then the
+     person making the release should start with the <debian-revision>
+     value `0.1'. The usual maintainer of a package should start their
+     <debian-revision> numbering at `1'. 
+
+
+4.2. Standards conformance and `Standards-Version'
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+     You should specify the most recent version of the packaging standards
+     with which your package complies in the source package's
+     `Standards-Version' field.
+
+     This value will be used to file bug reports automatically if your
+     package becomes too much out of date.
+
+     The value corresponds to a version of the Debian manuals, as can be
+     found on the title page or page headers and footers (depending on the
+     format). The value for this version of the manuals and packaging
+     standards is `0.2.0.0'.
+
+     The version number has four components - major and minor number and
+     major and minor patchlevel. When the standards change in a way that
+     requires every package to change the major number will be changed.
+     Significant changes that will require work in many packages will be
+     signaled by a change to the minor number. The major patchlevel will be
+     changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however small;
+     the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic, typographical
+     or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+
+     You should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of
+     date, install the most recent version of dpkg and read
+     `/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog-manuals' to see which changes, if any, are
+     relevant. If any are relevant you should look up the relevant section
+     in the policy or programmers' manuals and update your package. When
+     your package complies with the new standards you may update the
+     `Standards-Version' source package field and release it. 
+
+
+4.3. Documentation and the `changelog'
+--------------------------------------
+
+     Document your changes and updates to the source package properly in
+     the `debian/changelog' file.
+
+     A copy of the file which will be installed in
+     `/usr/doc/<package>/copyright' should be in `debian/copyright'.
+
+     In non-experimental packages you may only use a format for
+     `debian/changelog' which is supported by the most recent released
+     version of dpkg. If your format is not supported and there is general
+     support for it you should contact the dpkg maintainer to have the
+     parser script for your format included in the dpkg package.[1] 
+
+     [1]  You will need to agree that the parser and its manpage may be
+          distributed under the GNU GPL, just as the rest of dpkg is.
+
+
+4.4. Changes to the upstream sources
+------------------------------------
+
+     If you need to edit a Makefile where GNU-style configure scripts are
+     used, you should edit the `.in' files rather than editing the Makefile
+     directly. This allows the user to reconfigure the package if
+     necessary. You should *not* configure the package and edit the
+     generated Makefile! This makes it impossible for someone else to later
+     reconfigure the package.
+
+     If changes to the source code are made that are generally applicable
+     please try to get them included in the upstream version of the package
+     by supplying the upstream authors with the changes in whatever form
+     they prefer.
+
+     If you need to configure the package differently for Debian or for
+     Linux, and the upstream source doesn't provide a way to configure it
+     the way you need to, please add such configuration facilities (for
+     example, a new autoconf test or `#define') and send the patch to the
+     upstream authors, with the default set to the way they originally had
+     it. You can then easily override the default in your `debian/rules' or
+     wherever is appropriate. 
+
+
+4.5. Error trapping in makefiles
+--------------------------------
+
+     When make invokes a command in a makefile (including your package's
+     upstream makefiles and the `debian/rules') it does so using `sh'. This
+     means that `sh''s usual bad error handling properties apply: if you
+     include a miniature script as one of the commands in your makefile
+     you'll find that if you don't do anything about it then errors are not
+     detected and make will blithely continue after problems.
+
+     Every time you put more than one shell command (this includes using a
+     loop) in a makefile command you *must* make sure that errors are
+     trapped. For simple compound commands, such as changing directory and
+     then running a program, using `&&' rather than semicolon as a command
+     separator is sufficient. For more complex commands including most
+     loops and conditionals you must include a separate `set -e' command at
+     the start of every makefile command that's actually one of these
+     miniature shellscripts. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+5. How to become a Debian developer 
+------------------------------------
+
+
+5.1. Before you start work
+--------------------------
+
+     So, you've read all the documentation, you understand what everything
+     in the hello example package is for, and you're about to Debianise
+     your favourite package. How do you actually become a Debian developer
+     so that your work can be incorporated into the Project?
+
+     Firstly, subscribe to debian-devel if you haven't already. Send the
+     word `subscribe' in the *Subject* of a mail to
+     <debian-devel-REQUEST@lists.debian.org>. In case of problems contact
+     the list administrator, Anders Chrigstrom <ac@netg.se>.
+
+     You should to subscribe and lurk for a bit before doing any coding,
+     and you should post about your intentions to work on something to
+     avoid duplicated effort.
+
+     If you do not have a PGP key yet generate one. You should probably
+     read the PGP manual, as it has much important information which is
+     critical to its security. Many more security failures are due to human
+     error than to software failure or high-powered spy techniques.
+
+     If you live in a country where use of cryptography even for signing is
+     forbidden then please contact us so we can make special arrangements.
+     This does not apply in France, where I believe only encryption and not
+     signing is forbidden. 
+
+
+5.2. When you have a package to upload
+--------------------------------------
+
+     When you have your package ready to be uploaded you must send a
+     message to the project leader, Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>, the
+     administrator of `master.debian.org', Simon Shapiro
+     <shimon@i-connect.net>, the mailing list administrator, Anders
+     Chrigstrom <ac@netg.se> and the dpkg maintainer, Ian Jackson
+     <ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
+
+     The message should say what you've done and who you are, and should
+     ask for an account on master and to be subscribed to debian-private
+     (the developers-only mailing list). It should contain your PGP key
+     (extracted using `pgp -kxa') for the database of keys which is shipped
+     with dpkg. When you have your personal account on master log in and
+     transfer the files to `/home/Debian/ftp/private/project/Incoming'. You
+     cannot upload to Incoming on master using anonymous FTP.
+
+     You can also upload files to Incoming via a cron-driven upload queue
+     in Europe on chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk. For details connect to chiark using
+     anonymous FTP and read
+     /pub/debian/private/project/README.how-to-upload. 
+
+
+5.3. Upload handling - `.changes' files
+---------------------------------------
+
+     When a package is uploaded to the Debian FTP archive, it must be
+     accompanied by a `.changes' file which gives directions for its
+     handling. This is usually generated by dpkg-genchanges.
+
+     This file is a control file with the following fields: 
+        * `Format'
+        * `Date'
+        * `Source'
+        * `Binary'
+        * `Architecture'
+        * `Version'
+        * `Distribution'
+        * `Urgency'
+        * `Maintainer'
+        * `Description'
+        * `Changes'
+        * `Files'
+
+     All of them are mandatory for a Debian upload. See the list of control
+     fields in the dpkg programmers' manual for the contents of these
+     fields. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+6. The Debian mailing lists
+---------------------------
+
+     The mailing list server is at `lists.debian.org'. Mail
+     `debian-<foo>-REQUEST@lists.debian.org'[1] with the word `subscribe'
+     in the Subject to subscribe or `unsubscribe' to unsubscribe.
+
+     [1]  where `debian-<foo>' is the name of the list
+
+     When replying to messages on the mailing list, please do not send a
+     carbon copy (`CC' - this does not mean `courtesy copy') to the
+     original poster. Anyone who posts to a mailing list should read it to
+     see the responses.
+
+     As ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're
+     replying to. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+7. Conversion procedure from old source packages
+------------------------------------------------
+
+     This is a brief summary of the procedure for converting a
+     pre-2.0.0.0-format source package into the new format.
+
+        * Download the original source code from wherever it can be found
+          and do any rearrangement required to make it look like the
+          original tree of the Debian source. Put it in
+          `<package>-<upstream-version>.orig'. 
+
+        * Rename all files `debian.*' to `debian/*'. There may be some
+          exceptions to this, but this is a good start. 
+
+        * Edit the `debian/changelog' - create or rename it if necessary.
+          Add a new revision to the top with the appropriate details, and a
+          local variables entry to the bottom to set Emacs to the right
+          mode: 
+               Local variables:
+               mode: debian-changelog
+               End:
+
+        * Edit/create `debian/control': 
+             * Remove the `Version' field. If it is generated unusually
+               (not equal to the source version) you must use the -v option
+               to dpkg-gencontrol (see below). `Section', `Priority',
+               `Maintainer' go above the first blank line, most of the rest
+               below. 
+             * Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate
+               point, separating the source package fields from the binary
+               package fields. 
+             * Add the `Source' field. 
+             * Add the `Standards-Version' field. The current value is
+               `0.2.0.0'. 
+             * Change the `Architecture' field for each package to `any',
+               `all' or whatever. If there isn't an `Architecture' field
+               add one. 
+             * If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the
+               binary control files use dpkg-gencontrol's variable
+               substitution features to achieve the same effect. Use
+               `debian/substvars' if you need to put unusally-generated
+               information (apart from details of `.deb' files) in the
+               `.changes' file too.
+
+        * Edit the `debian/rules': 
+             * Remove the source and diff and any changes and dist targets.
+               These things now happen in a package-independent way and are
+               not done by `debian/rules'.
+             * Split the binary target into binary-arch and binary-indep;
+               in many cases all of binary should go into binary-arch.
+               Create the binary target and the unused of the two other
+               binary-* targets if there is one - you can copy the ones
+               from the hello package.
+             * Change the binary target to use dpkg-gencontrol to make the
+               package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have
+               been installed but just before the last chown and chmod in
+               the target.
+             * Change occurrences of `debian-tmp' to `debian/tmp'.
+             * Change occurrences of `debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}' to
+               `debian/*'.
+             * Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is
+               one.
+             * Ensure that the package's Debian-specific and upstream
+               changelogs are installed.
+
+        * Check that the `debian/README' is really the copyright file, and
+          if so rename it to `debian/copyright' and edit `debian/rules' to
+          cope with this and to change the installation of the copyright
+          file from `/usr/doc/<package>/copyright' instead of
+          `/usr/doc/copyright/<package>'. If it isn't then find
+          `debian/copyright' and decide what to do with the `README'. 
+
+        * Check for various other anachronisms: 
+             * Remove any `Package_Revision', `Package-Revision' or
+               `Revision' fields.
+             * Rename `Optional' to `Suggests', `Recommended' to
+               `Recommends'.
+             * Change `/usr/doc/examples/<package>' to
+               `/usr/doc/<package>/examples'.
+             * Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.
+
+        * Look everything over. 
+
+        * Do a test build using `dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -r<whatever>'.
+          Check the permissions and locations of files in the resulting
+          package by eyeballing the output of `dpkg-deb --contents', and
+          check that the source build happened OK. Test install the binary
+          package(s) and test extract the source package(s). 
+
+        * Sign the release: either re-run dpkg-buildpackage (this will
+          rebuild the package entirely), or PGP-sign the `.dsc', rebuild
+          the `.changes' using dpkg-genchanges, and then PGP-sign the
+          `.changes'. 
+
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+0.3 Copyright Notice
+--------------------
+
+     Copyright ©1996 Ian Jackson.
+
+     This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
+     under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+     Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+     later version.
+
+     This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but *without
+     any warranty*; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or
+     fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License
+     for more details.
+
+     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with
+     your Debian GNU/Linux system, in `/usr/doc/copyright/GPL', or with the
+     dpkg source package as the file `COPYING'. If not, write to the Free
+     Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. 
+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+     Debian policy manual
+     Ian Jackson <ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu> - version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7),
+     22 August 1996 
+
diff --git a/doc/programmer.sgml b/doc/programmer.sgml
index 509e7159..7251c60d 100644
--- a/doc/programmer.sgml
+++ b/doc/programmer.sgml
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-<!doctype debiandoc system>
+<!doctype debiandoc system [
+<!entity % manuals-version-def system "manuals-version">
+%manuals-version-def;
+]>
 
 <!--
  Debian Linux dpkg package installation tool.
@@ -11,7 +14,7 @@
 
 <title><prgn/dpkg/ programmers' manual
 <author>Ian Jackson <email/ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu/
-<version><date>
+<version>version &manuals-version; (dpkg &dpkg-version;), <date>
 
 <abstract>
 This manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary
@@ -217,6 +220,11 @@ This is the key description file used by <prgn/dpkg/.  It specifies the
 package's name and version, gives its description for the user, states
 its relationships with other packages, and so forth.
 See <ref id="controlfile">.
+<p>
+
+It is usually generated automatically from information in the source
+package by the <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ program, and with assistance
+from <prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/.  See <ref id="sourcetools">.
 
 <tag><tt/postinst/, <tt/preinst/, <tt/postrm/, <tt/prerm/
 <item>
@@ -350,14 +358,250 @@ fields is available in <ref id="controlfields">.
 The Debian binary packages in the distribution are generated from
 Debian sources, which are in a special format to assist the easy and
 automatic building of binaries.
+
+<sect id="sourcetools">Tools for processing source packages
+<p>
+
+Various tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack
+and unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage
+the distribution of new versions.
+<p>
+
+They are introduced and typical uses described here; see <manref
+name=dpkg-source section=1> for full documentation about their
+arguments and operation.
+<p>
+
+For examples of how to construct a Debian source package, and how to
+use those utilities that are used by Debian source packages, please
+see the <prgn/hello/ example package.
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-source/ - packs and unpacks Debian source packages
+<p>
+
+This program is frequently used by hand, and is also called from
+package-independent automated building scripts such as
+<prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/.
+<p>
+
+To unpack a package it is typically invoked with
+<example>
+dpkg-source -x <var>.../path/to/filename</>.dsc
+</example>
+with the <tt/<var/filename/.tar.gz/ and
+<tt/<var/filename/.diff.gz/ (if applicable) in the same directory.  It
+unpacks into <tt/<var/package/-<var/version//, and if applicable
+<tt/<var/package/-<var/version/.orig/, in the current directory.
+<p>
+
+To create a packed source archive it is typically invoked:
+<example>
+dpkg-source -b <var/package/-<var/version/
+</example>
+This will create the <tt/.dsc/, <tt/.tar.gz/ and <tt/.diff.gz/ (if
+appropriate) in the current directory.  <prgn/dpkg-source/ does not
+clean the source tree first - this must be done separately if it is
+required.
+<p>
+
+See also <ref id="sourcearchives">.
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ - overall package-building control
+script
+<p>
+
+<prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ is a script which invokes <prgn/dpkg-source/,
+the <tt>debian/rules</> targets <prgn/clean/, <prgn/build/ and
+<prgn/binary/, <prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ and <prgn/pgp/ to build a signed
+source and binary package upload.
+<p>
+
+It is usually invoked by hand from the top level of the built or
+unbuilt source directory.  It may be invoked with no arguments; useful
+arguments include:
+<taglist compact>
+<tag><tt/-uc/, <tt/-us/
+<item>Do not PGP-sign the <tt/.changes/ file or the source package
+<tt/.dsc/ file, respectively.
+
+<tag><tt/-p<var/pgp-command//
+<item>Invoke <var/pgp-command/ instead of finding <tt/pgp/ on the
+<prgn/PATH/.  <var/pgp-command/ must behave just like <prgn/pgp/.
+
+<tag><tt/-r<var/root-command//
+<item>When root privilege is required, invoke the command
+<var/root-command/.  <var/root-command/ should invoke its first
+argument as a command, from the <prgn/PATH/ if necessary, and pass its
+second and subsequent arguments to the command it calls.  If no
+<var/root-command/ is supplied then <var/dpkg-buildpackage/ will take
+no special action to gain root privilege, so that for most packages it
+will have to be invoked as root to start with.
+
+<tag><tt/-b/, <tt/-B/
+<item>Two types of binary-only build and upload - see <manref
+name=dpkg-source section=1>.
+</taglist>
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ - generates binary package control files
+<p>
+
+This program is usually called from <tt>debian/rules</> (see <ref
+id="sourcetree">) in the top level of the source tree.
+<p>
+
+This is usually done just before the files and directories in the
+temporary directory tree where the package is being built have their
+permissions and ownerships set and the package is constructed using
+<prgn/dpkg-deb/<footnote>This is so that the control file which is
+produced has the right permissions</footnote>.
+<p>
+
+<prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ must be called after all the files which are to
+go into the package have been placed in the temporary build directory,
+so that its calculation of the installed size of a package is correct.
 <p>
 
-Tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack and
-unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage the
-distribution of new versions.  See <manref name=dpkg-source section=1>
-for details.
+It is also necessary for <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ to be run after
+<prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ so that the variable substitutions created by
+<prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ in <tt>debian/substvars</> are available.
+<p>
+
+For a package which generates only one binary package, and which
+builds it in <tt>debian/tmp</> relative to the top of the source
+package, it is usually sufficient to call:
+<example>
+dpkg-gencontrol
+</example>
+<p>
+
+Sources which build several binaries will typically need something
+like:
+<example>
+dpkg-gencontrol -Pdebian/tmp-<var/pkg/ -p<var/package/
+</example>
+The <tt/-P/ tells <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ that the package is being
+built in a non-default directory, and the <tt/-p/ tells it which
+package's control file should be generated.
+<p>
+
+<prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ also adds information to the list of files in
+<tt>debian/files</>, for the benefit of (for example) a future
+invocation of <prgn/dpkg-genchanges/.
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ - calculates shared library dependencies
+<p>
 
-<sect>The Debianised source tree
+This program is usually called from <tt>debian/rules</> just before
+<prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ (see <ref id="sourcetree">), in the top level
+of the source tree.
+<p>
+
+Its arguments are executables<footnote>They may be specified either
+in the locations in the source tree where they are created or in the
+locations in the temporary build tree where they are installed prior
+to binary package creation.</footnote> for which shared library
+dependencies should be included in the binary package's control file.
+<p>
+
+If some of the executable(s) shared libraries should only warrant a
+<tt/Recommends/ or <tt/Suggests/, or if some warrant a
+<tt/Pre-Depends/, this can be achieved by using the
+<tt/-d<var/dependency-field// option before those executable(s).
+(Each <tt/-d/ option takes effect until the next <tt/-d/.)
+<p>
+
+<prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ does not directly cause the output control file
+to be modified.  Instead by default it adds to the
+<tt>debian/substvars</> file variable settings like
+<tt/shlibs:Depends/.  These variable settings must be referenced in
+dependency fields in the appropriate per-binary-package sections of
+the source control file.
+<p>
+
+For example, the <prgn/procps/ package generates two kinds of
+binaries, simple C binaries like <prgn/ps/ which require a
+predependency and full-screen ncurses binaries like <prgn/top/ which
+require only a recommendation.  It can say in its <tt>debian/rules</>:
+<example>
+dpkg-shlibdeps -dPre-Depends ps -dRecommends top
+</example>
+and then in its main control file <tt>debian/control</>:
+<example>
+<var/.../
+Package: procps
+Pre-Depends: ${shlibs:Pre-Depends}
+Recommends: ${shlibs:Recommends}
+<var/.../
+</example>
+<p>
+
+Sources which produce several binary packages with different shared
+library dependency requirements can use the <tt/-p<var/varnameprefix//
+option to override the default <tt/shlib:/ prefix (one invocation of
+<prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ per setting of this option).  They can thus
+produce several sets of dependency variables, each of the form
+<tt/<var/varnameprefix/:<var/dependencyfield//, which can be referred
+to in the appropriate parts of the binary package control files.
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-distaddfile/ - adds a file to <tt>debian/files</>
+<p>
+
+Some packages' uploads need to include files other than the source and
+binary package files.
+<p>
+
+<prgn/dpkg-distaddfile/ adds a file to the <tt>debian/files</> file so
+that it will be included in the <tt/.changes/ file when
+<prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ is run.
+<p>
+
+It is usually invoked from the <prgn/binary/ target of
+<tt>debian/rules</>:
+<example>
+dpkg-distaddfile <var/filename/ <var/section/ <var/priority/
+</example>
+The <var/filename/ is relative to the directory where
+<prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ will expect to find it - this is usually the
+directory above the top level of the source tree.  The
+<tt>debian/rules</> target should put the file there just before or
+just after calling <prgn/dpkg-distaddfile/.
+<p>
+
+The <var/section/ and <var/priority/ are passed unchanged into the
+resulting <tt/.changes/ file.  See <ref id="f-classification">.
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ - generates a <tt/.changes/ upload
+control file
+<p>
+
+This program is usually called by package-independent automatic
+building scripts such as <prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/, but it may also be
+called by hand.
+<p>
+
+It is usually called in the top level of a built source tree, and when
+invoked with no arguments will print out a straightforward
+<tt/.changes/ file based on the information in the source package's
+changelog and control file and the binary and source packages which
+should have been built.
+
+
+<sect1><prgn/dpkg-parsechangelog/ - produces parsed representation of
+a changelog
+<p>
+
+This program is used internally by <prgn/dpkg-source/ et al.  It may
+also occasionally be useful in <tt>debian/rules</> and elsewhere.  It
+parses a changelog, <tt>debian/changelog</> by default, and prints a
+control-file format representation of the information in it to
+standard output.
+
+<sect id="sourcetree">The Debianised source tree
 <p>
 
 The source archive scheme described later is intended to allow a
@@ -421,21 +665,37 @@ run <prgn/clean/ first, it is a good idea to <tt/touch build/ when the
 build process is complete.  This will ensure that if <tt>debian/rules
 build</tt> is run again it will not rebuild the whole program.
 
-<tag/<tt/binary//
+<tag/<tt/binary/, <tt/binary-arch/, <tt/binary-indep/
 <item>
 
-This target should be all that is necessary for the user to build the
-binary package.  It should depend on the <prgn/build/ target, above,
-so that the package is built if it has not been already.  It should
-then create the binary package(s), using <prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ to
-make their control files and <prgn/dpkg-deb/ to build them and place
-them in the parent of the top level directory.
+The <prgn/binary/ target should be all that is necessary for the user
+to build the binary package.  It is split into two parts:
+<prgn/binary-arch/ builds the packages' output files which are
+specific to a particular architecture, and <prgn/binary-indep/
+builds those which are not.
+<p>
+
+<prgn/binary/ should usually be a target with no commands which simply
+depends on <prgn/binary-arch/ and <prgn/binary-indep/.
+<p>
+
+Both <prgn/binary-*/ targets should depend on the <prgn/build/ target,
+above, so that the package is built if it has not been already.  It
+should then create the relevant binary package(s), using
+<prgn/dpkg-gencontrol/ to make their control files and <prgn/dpkg-deb/
+to build them and place them in the parent of the top level directory.
+<p>
+
+If one of the <prgn/binary-*/ targets has nothing to do (this will be
+always be the case if the source generates only a single binary
+package, whether architecture-dependent or not) it <em/must/ still
+exist, but should always succeed.
 <p>
 
 <ref id="binarypkg"> describes how to construct binary packages.
 <p>
 
-The <prgn/binary/ target must be invoked as root.
+The <prgn/binary/ targets must be invoked as root.
 
 <tag/<tt/clean//
 <item>
@@ -1218,10 +1478,11 @@ separated by spaces.
 <p>
 
 In the <tt/.dsc/ (Debian source control) file each line contains the
-MD5 checksum, size and filename of the tarfile and (optionally) diff
-file which make up the remainder of the source package.<footnote>That
-is, the parts which are not the <tt/.dsc/.</footnote> The exact forms
-of the filenames are described in <ref id="sourcearchives">.
+MD5 checksum, size and filename of the tarfile and (if applicable)
+diff file which make up the remainder of the source
+package.<footnote>That is, the parts which are not the
+<tt/.dsc/.</footnote> The exact forms of the filenames are described
+in <ref id="sourcearchives">.
 <p>
 
 In the <tt/.changes/ file this contains one line per file being
@@ -1233,10 +1494,20 @@ id="f-classification">.  If no section or priority is specified then
 specified for new packages to be installed properly.
 <p>
 
-The special value <tt/byhand/ for the section indicates that the file
-in question is not an ordinary package file and must by installed by
-hand by the distribution maintainers.  If the section is <tt/byhand/
-the priority should be <tt/-/.
+The special value <tt/byhand/ for the section in a <tt/.changes/ file
+indicates that the file in question is not an ordinary package file
+and must by installed by hand by the distribution maintainers.  If the
+section is <tt/byhand/ the priority should be <tt/-/.
+<p>
+
+If a new Debian revision of a package is being shipped and no new
+original source archive is being distributed the <tt/.dsc/ must still
+contain the <tt/Files/ field entry for the original source archive
+<tt/<var/package/-<var/upstream-version/.orig.tar.gz/, but the
+<tt/.changes/ file should leave it out.  In this case the original
+source archive on the distribution site must match exactly,
+byte-for-byte, the original source archive which was used to generate
+the <tt/.dsc/ file and diff which are being uploaded.
 
 
 <sect1 id="f-Standards-Version"><tt/Standards-Version/
@@ -1252,6 +1523,7 @@ package needs attention.
 Its format is the same as that of a version number except that no
 epoch or Debian revision is allowed - see <ref id="versions">.
 
+
 <sect1 id="f-Distribution"><tt/Distribution/
 <p>
 
@@ -2222,6 +2494,18 @@ version clause in the <tt/Pre-Depends/ field.
 
 </taglist>
 
+<sect1>Dependencies on shared libraries
+<p>
+
+The dependency fields listed above are used by packages which need
+shared libraries to declare dependencies on the appropriate packages.
+<p>
+
+These dependencies are usually determined automatically using
+<prgn/dpkg-shlibdeps/ and inserted in the package control file using
+the control file substitution variables mechanism; see <ref
+id="srcsubstvars"> and <ref id="sourcetools">.
+
 <sect1>Deconfiguration due to removal during bulk installations
 <p>
 
diff --git a/dpkg-deb/Makefile.in b/dpkg-deb/Makefile.in
index 91866196..e3377a7f 100644
--- a/dpkg-deb/Makefile.in
+++ b/dpkg-deb/Makefile.in
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ exec_prefix = $(prefix)
 bindir = $(exec_prefix)/bin
 libdir = $(prefix)/lib
 mandir = $(prefix)/man
-man8dir = $(mandir)/man8
-man8 = 8
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man1 = 1
 
 SRC = main.c build.c extract.c info.c
 OBJ = main.o build.o extract.o info.o
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ distclean:	clean
 
 install:	all
 		$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) -s dpkg-deb $(bindir)/dpkg-deb
-		$(INSTALL_DATA) dpkg-deb.8 $(man8dir)/dpkg-deb.$(man8)
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) dpkg-deb.1 $(man1dir)/dpkg-deb.$(man1)
diff --git a/dpkg-deb/dpkg-deb.8 b/dpkg-deb/dpkg-deb.1
similarity index 100%
rename from dpkg-deb/dpkg-deb.8
rename to dpkg-deb/dpkg-deb.1
diff --git a/dselect/pkgcmds.cc b/dselect/pkgcmds.cc
index 26a32566..7950bb9b 100644
--- a/dselect/pkgcmds.cc
+++ b/dselect/pkgcmds.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,19 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "dselect.h"
 #include "pkglist.h"
 
-static int matches(struct pkginfo *pkg, struct pkginfo *comparewith) {
+int packagelist::affectedmatches(struct pkginfo *pkg, struct pkginfo *comparewith) {
+  switch (statsortorder) {
+  case sso_avail:
+    if (comparewith->clientdata->ssavail != pkg->clientdata->ssavail) return 0;
+    break;
+  case sso_state:
+    if (comparewith->clientdata->ssstate != pkg->clientdata->ssstate) return 0;
+    break;
+  case sso_unsorted:
+    break;
+  default:
+    internerr("unknown statsortorder in affectedmatches");
+  }
   if (comparewith->priority != pkginfo::pri_unset &&
       (comparewith->priority != pkg->priority ||
        comparewith->priority == pkginfo::pri_other &&
@@ -60,7 +72,8 @@ void packagelist::affectedrange(int *startp, int *endp) {
     return;
   }
   *startp= index;
-  while (index < nitems && matches(table[index]->pkg,table[cursorline]->pkg)) index++;
+  while (index < nitems && affectedmatches(table[index]->pkg,table[cursorline]->pkg))
+    index++;
   *endp= index;
 }
 
diff --git a/dselect/pkglist.h b/dselect/pkglist.h
index c93db253..4bfc8435 100644
--- a/dselect/pkglist.h
+++ b/dselect/pkglist.h
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ class packagelist : public baselist {
   void addheading(enum ssavailval, enum ssstateval,
                   pkginfo::pkgpriority, const char*, const char *section);
   void sortinplace();
+  int affectedmatches(struct pkginfo *pkg, struct pkginfo *comparewith);
   void affectedrange(int *startp, int *endp);
   void setwant(pkginfo::pkgwant nw);
   void sethold(int hold);
diff --git a/scripts/dpkg-buildpackage.sh b/scripts/dpkg-buildpackage.sh
index 7b4d4402..69d229f0 100644
--- a/scripts/dpkg-buildpackage.sh
+++ b/scripts/dpkg-buildpackage.sh
@@ -12,13 +12,19 @@ Ian Jackson.  This is free software; see the GNU General Public Licence
 version 2 or later for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty.
 
 Usage: dpkg-buildpackage [options]
-Options:  -r<gain-root-command>
-          -p<pgp-command>
-          -b         (binary-only)
-          -B         (binary-only, no arch-indep files)
-          -us        (unsigned source)
-          -uc        (unsigned changes)
-          -h         print this message
+Options: -r<gain-root-command>
+         -p<pgp-command>
+         -us           unsigned source
+         -uc           unsigned changes
+         -b            binary-only, do not build source } also passed to
+         -B            binary-only, no arch-indep files } dpkg-genchanges
+         -v<version>   changes since version <version>      }
+         -m<maint>     maintainer for release is <maint>    } only passed
+         -C<descfile>  changes are described in <descfile>  }  to dpkg-
+         -si (default) src includes orig for rev. 0 or 1    } genchanges
+         -sa           uploaded src includes orig (default) }
+         -sd           uploaded src is diff and .dsc only   }
+         -h            print this message
 END
 }
 
@@ -26,6 +32,11 @@ rootcommand=''
 pgpcommand=pgp
 signsource=signfile
 signchanges=signfile
+binarytarget=binary
+sourcestyle=''
+version=''
+maint=''
+desc=''
 
 while [ $# != 0 ]
 do
@@ -36,7 +47,13 @@ do
 	-p*)	pgpcommand="$value" ;;
 	-us)	signsource=: ;;
 	-uc)	signchanges=: ;;
-	-b|-B)	binaryonly=$1 ;;
+	-sa)	sourcestyle='' ;;
+	-sd)	sourcestyle=-sd ;;
+	-b)	binaryonly=-b ;;
+	-B)	binaryonly=-b; binarytarget=binary-arch ;;
+	-v*)	version="$value" ;;
+	-m*)	maint="$value" ;;
+	-C*)	descfile="$value" ;;
 	*)	echo >&2 "$progname: unknown option or argument $1"
 		usageversion; exit 2 ;;
 	esac
@@ -66,14 +83,19 @@ signfile () {
 	mv -- "../$1.asc" "../$1"
 }
 
-set -x -e
+set -- $binaryonly
+if [ -n "$maint"	]; then set -- "$@" "-m$maint"		; fi
+if [ -n "$version"	]; then set -- "$@" "-v$version"	; fi
+if [ -n "$desc"		]; then set -- "$@" "-C$desc"		; fi
+
+set -x
 
 $rootcommand debian/rules clean
 if [ x$binaryonly = x ]; then
 	cd ..; dpkg-source -b "$dirn"; cd "$dirn"
 fi
 debian/rules build
-$rootcommand debian/rules binary
+$rootcommand debian/rules $binarytarget
 $signsource "$pv.dsc"
-dpkg-genchanges $binaryonly >../"$pva.changes"
+dpkg-genchanges $binaryonly $sourcestyle >../"$pva.changes"
 $signchanges "$pva.changes"
diff --git a/scripts/dpkg-genchanges.pl b/scripts/dpkg-genchanges.pl
index 44a7bc9f..a96cdee2 100644
--- a/scripts/dpkg-genchanges.pl
+++ b/scripts/dpkg-genchanges.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ $changelogfile= 'debian/changelog';
 $fileslistfile= 'debian/files';
 $varlistfile= 'debian/substvars';
 $uploadfilesdir= '..';
+$sourcestyle= 'i';
 
 use POSIX;
 use POSIX qw(:errno_h :signal_h);
@@ -23,15 +24,17 @@ version 2 or later for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty.
 
 Usage: dpkg-genchanges [options ...]
 
-Options:  -b                     binary-only build - no source files
-          -B                     architecture-only build - no src or \`all'
+Options:  -b or -B (identical)   binary-only build - no source files
           -c<controlfile>        get control info from this file
           -l<changelogfile>      get per-version info from this file
           -f<fileslistfile>      get .deb files list from this file
           -v<sinceversion>       include all changes later than version
-          -d<changesdescription> use change description from this file
+          -C<changesdescription> use change description from this file
           -m<maintainer>         override changelog's maintainer value
-          -u<uploadfilesdir>     directory with files (default is \`..'
+          -u<uploadfilesdir>     directory with files (default is \`..')
+          -si (default)          src includes orig for debian-revision 0 or 1
+          -sa                    source includes orig src
+          -sd                    source is diff and .dsc only
           -F<changelogformat>    force change log format
           -V<name>=<value>       set a substitution variable
           -T<varlistfile>        read variables here, not debian/substvars
@@ -47,15 +50,15 @@ $i=100;grep($fieldimps{$_}=$i--,
 
 while (@ARGV) {
     $_=shift(@ARGV);
-    if (m/^-b$/) {
+    if (m/^-b$|^-B$/) {
         $binaryonly= 1;
-    } elsif (m/^-B$/) {
-        $binaryonly= 2;
+    } elsif (m/^-s([iad])$/) {
+        $sourcestyle= $1;
     } elsif (m/^-c/) {
         $controlfile= $';
     } elsif (m/^-l/) {
         $changelogfile= $';
-    } elsif (m/^-d/) {
+    } elsif (m/^-C/) {
         $changesdescription= $';
     } elsif (m/^-f/) {
         $fileslistfile= $';
@@ -96,7 +99,6 @@ while(<FL>) {
             &warn("duplicate files list entry for file $1 (line $.)");
         $f2sec{$1}= $5;
         $f2pri{$1}= $6;
-        next if $4 eq 'all' && $binaryonly>=2;
         push(@fileslistfiles,$1);
     } elsif (m/^([-+.,_0-9a-zA-Z]+) (\S+) (\S+)$/) {
         defined($f2sec{$1}) &&
@@ -135,7 +137,6 @@ for $_ (keys %fi) {
         } elsif (s/^X[BS]*C[BS]*-//i) {
             $f{$_}= $v;
         } elsif (m/^Architecture$/) {
-            next if $v eq 'all' && $binaryonly>=2;
             $v= $arch if $v eq 'any';
             push(@archvalues,$v) unless $archadded{$v}++;
         } elsif (m/^(Package|Essential|Pre-Depends|Depends|Provides)$/ ||
@@ -208,6 +209,12 @@ if (!$binaryonly) {
         push(@sourcefiles,$file);
     }
     for $f (@sourcefiles) { $f2sec{$f}= $sec; $f2pri{$f}= $pri; }
+    
+    if (($sourcestyle =~ m/i/ && $version !~ m/-[01]$/ ||
+         $sourcestyle =~ m/d/) &&
+        grep(m/\.diff\.gz$/,@sourcefiles)) {
+        @sourcefiles= grep(!m/\.orig\.tar\.gz$/,@sourcefiles);
+    }
 }
 
 $f{'Format'}= $substvar{'Format'};
diff --git a/scripts/dpkg-shlibdeps.pl b/scripts/dpkg-shlibdeps.pl
index 9a655ce9..97b2d587 100644
--- a/scripts/dpkg-shlibdeps.pl
+++ b/scripts/dpkg-shlibdeps.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use POSIX qw(:errno_h :signal_h);
 
 $shlibsoverride= '/etc/dpkg/shlibs.override';
 $shlibsdefault= '/etc/dpkg/shlibs.default';
+$shlibslocal= 'debian/shlibs.local';
 $shlibsppdir= '/var/lib/dpkg/info';
 $shlibsppext= '.shlibs';
 $varnameprefix= 'shlibs';
@@ -28,13 +29,14 @@ version 2 or later for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty.
 Usage:
   dpkg-shlibdeps [<option> ...] <executable>|-e<executable> [<option>] ...
 Positional arguments/options (order is significant):
-          <executable>           } include dependencies for <executable>
-          -e<executable>         }  (use -e if <executable> starts with \`-')
-          -d<dependencyfield>    next executable(s) set shlibs:<dependencyfield>
+       <executable>           } include dependencies for <executable>
+       -e<executable>         }  (use -e if <executable> starts with \`-')
+       -d<dependencyfield>    next executable(s) set shlibs:<dependencyfield>
 Overall options (have global effect no matter where placed):
-          -p<varnameprefix>      set <varnameprefix>:* instead of shlibs:*.
-          -O                     print variable settings to stdout
-          -T<varlistfile>        update variables here, not debian/substvars
+       -p<varnameprefix>      set <varnameprefix>:* instead of shlibs:*.
+       -O                     print variable settings to stdout
+       -L<localshlibsfile>    shlibs override file, not debian/shlibs.local
+       -T<varlistfile>        update variables here, not debian/substvars
 Dependency fields recognised are ".join("/",@depfields)."
 ";
 }
@@ -47,6 +49,8 @@ while (@ARGV) {
         $varlistfile= $';
     } elsif (m/^-p(\w[-:0-9A-Za-z]*)$/) {
         $varnameprefix= $1;
+    } elsif (m/^-L/) {
+        $shlibslocal= $';
     } elsif (m/^-O$/) {
         $stdout= 1;
     } elsif (m/^-h$/) {
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ while (<P>) {
 close(P); $? && subprocerr("dpkg --search");
 
 for ($i=0;$i<=$#libname;$i++) {
+    scanshlibsfile($shlibslocal,$libname[$i],$libsoname[$i],$libf[$i]) && next;
     scanshlibsfile($shlibsoverride,$libname[$i],$libsoname[$i],$libf[$i]) && next;
     if (!defined($pathpackages{$libpath[$i]})) {
         &warn("could not find any packages for $libpath[$i]".
diff --git a/scripts/dpkg-source.1 b/scripts/dpkg-source.1
index bc548a8e..78f1037d 100644
--- a/scripts/dpkg-source.1
+++ b/scripts/dpkg-source.1
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 .\" Authors: Ian Jackson
 .TH DPKG\-SOURCE 1 "7th Auguest" "Debian Project" "Debian GNU/Linux manual"
 .SH NAME 
-dpkg\-source, dpkg\-gencontrol, dpkg\-genchanges,
+dpkg\-source, dpkg\-gencontrol, dpkg\-shlibdeps, dpkg\-genchanges,
 dpkg\-buildpackage, dpkg\-distaddfile, dpkg\-parsechangelog
 \- Debian source package tools
 .SH SYNOPSIS
@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ where
 is a dependency field name.  Any other variables starting
 .I shlibs:
 are removed from the file.
+.B dpkg-shlibdeps
+will read shared library dependency information from
+.BR debian/shlibs.local ,
+.BR /etc/dpkg/shlibs.override ,
+the
+.B shlibs
+control area file of the package containing the file which
+.B ldd
+reports as satisfying the library dependency, or
+.BR /etc/dpkg/shlibs.default .
+The first match will be used.  See the
+.I dpkg programmers' manual
+for details of the format of shared library dependency files.
 
 .B dpkg-genchanges
 reads information from an unpacked and built Debian source tree and
@@ -85,7 +98,7 @@ by all the source package tools.
 .TP
 .BI -v version
 In
-.BR dpkg-genchanges " and " dpkg-parsechangelog
+.BR dpkg-buildpackage ", " dpkg-genchanges " and " dpkg-parsechangelog
 this causes changelog information from all versions strictly later
 than
 .I version
@@ -96,6 +109,42 @@ In
 it sets the version number of the binary package which will be
 generated.
 .TP
+.BI -C changesdescription
+Read the description of the changes from the file
+.I changesdescription
+rather than using the information from the source tree's changelog
+file.  This is understood by
+.BR dpkg-buildpackage " and " dpkg-genchanges .
+.TP
+.BI -m maintaineraddress
+Use
+.I maintaineraddress
+as the name and email address of the maintainer for this upload,
+rather than using the information from the source tree's changelog.
+This is understood by
+.BR dpkg-buildpackage " and " dpkg-genchanges .
+.TP
+.BR -si ", " -sa ", " -sd
+These options control whether the original source archive is included
+in the upload generated by
+.BR dpkg-buildpackage " and " dpkg-genchanges
+if any source is being generated (ie,
+.BR -b " or " -B
+haven't been used).
+
+By default, or if
+.B -si
+is specified, the original source will be included if the version
+number ends in
+.BR -0 " or " -1 ,
+ie if the Debian revision part of the version number is
+.BR 0 " or " 1 .
+
+.B -sa
+forces the inclusion of the original source;
+.B -sd
+forces its exclusion and includes only the diff.
+.TP
 .BI -V name = value
 Set an output substitution variable.
 This option is understood by
@@ -130,7 +179,16 @@ this specifies that a binary-only build is taking place.
 indicates that no source files are to be built and/or distributed, and
 .B -B
 that no architecture-independent binary package files are to be
-distributed either.
+distributed either.  The distinction between
+.BR -b " and " -B
+is only used by
+.BR dpkg-buildpackage ;
+.B dpkg-genchanges
+just produces a
+.B .changes
+file for whatever files were produced by the
+.B binary-*
+target(s) of the package being built.
 
 .B -b
 tells
@@ -167,6 +225,10 @@ the standard format described in the
 This option is understood by
 .BR dpkg-source ", " dpkg-gencontrol " and " dpkg-genchanges .
 .SH DPKG-SOURCE OPTIONS
+When the common options
+.BR -c " and " -l
+are given with relative pathnames these are interpreted starting at
+the source tree's top level directory.
 .TP
 .B -x
 Extract a source package.  One non-option argument should be supplied,
@@ -184,14 +246,116 @@ the
 Build: pack up a source tree.  One or two non-option arguments should
 be supplied.  The first is taken as the name of the directory
 containing the unpacked source tree.  If a second argument is supplied
-it should either be the name of the original source directory or the
-empty string if the package is a Debian-specific one and so has no
+it should be the name of the original source directory or tarfile or
+the empty string if the package is a Debian-specific one and so has no
 Debianisation diffs.  If no second argument is supplied then
 .B dpkg-source
-will assume the directory
+will look for the original source tarfile
+.IB package _ upstream-version .orig.tar.gz
+or the original source directory
 .IB directory .orig
-if exists or the empty string (no original source, and so no diff) if
-it doesn't.
+or the empty string (no original source, and so no diff) depending on
+the arguments.
+.TP
+.BR -sa , -sp , -su , -sk , -sA , -sP , -sU , -sK , -ss " with " -b
+If
+.BR -sk " or " -sp
+is specified
+.B dpkg-source
+expects the original source as a tarfile, by default
+.IB package _ upstream-version .orig.tar.gz\fR.
+It will leave this original source in place as a tarfile, or copy it
+to the current directory if it isn't already there
+If
+.B -sp
+is used rather than
+.B -sk
+it will remove it again afterwards.
+
+If
+.BR -su " or " -sr
+is specified the original source is expected as a directory, by
+default
+.IB package - upstream-version .orig
+and
+.B dpkg-source
+will create a new original source archive from it.  If
+.B -sr
+is used
+.B dpkg-source will remove that directory after it has been used.
+
+If
+.B -ss
+is specified
+.B dpkg-source
+will expect that the original source is available both as a directory
+and as a tarfile.  If will use the directory to create the diff, but
+the tarfile to create the
+.BR .dsc .
+This option must be used with care - if the directory and tarfile do
+not match a bad source archive will be generated.
+
+If
+.B -sn
+is specified
+.B dpkg-source
+will not look for any original source, and will not generate a diff.
+The second argument, if supplied, must be the empty string.  This is
+used for Debian-specific packages which do not have a separate
+upstream source and therefore have no debianisation diffs.
+
+If
+.BR -sa " or " -sA
+is specified
+.B dpkg-source
+will look for the original source archive as a tarfile or as a
+directory - the second argument, if any, may be either, or the empty
+string (this is equivalent to using
+.BR -sn ).
+If a tarfile is found it will unpack it to create the diff and remove
+it afterwards (this is equivalent to
+.BR -sp );
+if a directory is found it will pack it to create the original source
+and remove it afterwards (this is equivalent to
+.BR -sr );
+if neither is found it will assume that the package has no
+debianisation diffs, only a straightforward source archive (this is
+equivalent to
+.BR -sn ).
+If both are found then dpkg-source will ignore the directory,
+overwriting it, if
+.B -sA
+was specified (this is equivalent to
+.BR -sP )
+or raise an error if
+.B -sa
+was specified.
+.B -sA
+is the default.
+
+.BR -sa ", " -sp ", " -sk ", " -su " and "  -sr
+will not overwrite existing tarfiles or directories.  If this is
+desired then
+.BR -sA ", " -sP ", " -sK ", " -su " and "  -sR
+should be used instead.
+.TP
+.BR -sp , -su , -sn " with " -x
+In all cases any existing original source tree will be removed.
+
+If
+.B -sp
+is used when extracting then the original source (if any) will be left
+as a tarfile.  If it is not already located in the current directory
+or if an existing but different file is there it will be copied there.
+This is the default.
+
+.B -su
+unpacks the original source tree.
+
+.B -sn
+ensures that the original source is neither copied to the current
+directory nor unpacked.  Any original source tree that was in the
+current directory is still removed.
 .SH DPKG-GENCONTROL OPTIONS
 .B dpkg-gencontrol
 does not take any non-option arguments.
@@ -282,6 +446,14 @@ Likewise, any existing substitution variables starting with
 .BR shlib: )
 are removed from the the substitution variables file.
 .TP
+.BI -L localshlibsfile
+Causes
+.B dpkg-shlibs
+to read overriding shared library dependency information from
+.I localshlibsfile
+instead of
+.BR debian/shlibs.local .
+.TP
 .B -O
 Causes the substitution variable settings to be printed to standard
 output, rather than being added to the substitution variables file
@@ -291,18 +463,6 @@ by default).
 .B dpkg-gencontrol
 does not take any non-option arguments.
 .TP
-.BI -d changesdescription
-Read the description of the changes from the file
-.I changesdescription
-rather than using the information from the source tree's changelog
-file.
-.TP
-.BI -m maintaineraddress
-Use
-.I maintaineraddress
-as the name and email address of the maintainer for this upload,
-rather than using the information from the source tree's changelog.
-.TP
 .BI -u uploadfilesdir
 Look for the files to be uploaded in
 .I uploadfilesdir
@@ -491,6 +651,15 @@ file.
 .TP
 .B debian/substvars
 List of substitution variables and values.
+.TP
+.B debian/shlibs.local
+Package-local overriding shared library dependency information.
+.TP
+.B /etc/dpkg/shlibs.override
+Per-system overriding shared library dependency information.
+.TP
+.B /etc/dpkg/shlibs.default
+Per-system default shared library dependency information.
 .SH BUGS
 The point at which field overriding occurs compared to certain
 standard output field settings is rather confused.
@@ -503,8 +672,10 @@ not matter, since
 are not legal in package names or version numbers.
 .SH SEE ALSO
 .IR "dpkg programmers' manual" ,
+.br
 .IR "Debian policy manual" ,
-.BR dpkg\-deb (8),
+.br
+.BR dpkg\-deb (1),
 .BR dpkg (8),
 .BR dselect (8).
 .SH AUTHOR
diff --git a/scripts/dpkg-source.pl b/scripts/dpkg-source.pl
index f3250a10..7b4d3d53 100644
--- a/scripts/dpkg-source.pl
+++ b/scripts/dpkg-source.pl
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 
-use POSIX;
-use POSIX qw(:errno_h :signal_h);
-
 $dpkglibdir= ".";
 $version= '1.3.0'; # This line modified by Makefile
 
+$sourcestyle= 'X';
+
+use POSIX;
+use POSIX qw(:errno_h :signal_h);
+
 push(@INC,$dpkglibdir);
 require 'controllib.pl';
 
@@ -15,21 +17,27 @@ sub usageversion {
 Ian Jackson.  This is free software; see the GNU General Public Licence
 version 2 or later for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty.
 
-Usage:
-  dpkg-source -x <filename>.dsc
-  dpkg-source -b <directory> [<orig-directory>|\'\']
-Options:  -c<controlfile>        get control info from this file\n".
-"(for -b)  -l<changelogfile>      get per-version info from this file
-          -F<changelogformat>    force change log format
-          -V<name>=<value>       set a substitution variable
-          -T<varlistfile>        read variables here, not debian/substvars
-          -D<field>=<value>      override or add a .dsc field and value
-          -U<field>              remove a field
-          -h                     print this message
-Relative filenames for -c and -l are interpreted starting at the
-source tree's top level directory.  If <orig-directory> is omitted then
-it defaults to <directory>.orig if that exists or to \'\' (indicating a
-Debian-special package without a diff) if <directory>.orig doesn\`t.
+Usage:  dpkg-source -x <filename>.dsc
+        dpkg-source -b <directory> [<orig-directory>|<orig-targz>|\'\']
+Build options:   -c<controlfile>     get control info from this file
+                 -l<changelogfile>   get per-version info from this file
+                 -F<changelogformat> force change log format
+                 -V<name>=<value>    set a substitution variable
+                 -T<varlistfile>     read variables here, not debian/substvars
+                 -D<field>=<value>   override or add a .dsc field and value
+                 -U<field>           remove a field
+                 -sa                 auto select orig source (-sA is default)
+                 -sk                 use packed orig source (unpack & keep)
+                 -sp                 use packed orig source (unpack & remove)
+                 -su                 use unpacked orig source (pack & keep)
+                 -sr                 use unpacked orig source (pack & remove)
+                 -ss                 trust packed & unpacked orig src are same
+                 -sn                 there is no diff, do main tarfile only
+                 -sA,-sK,-sP,-sU,-sR like -sa,-sp,-sk,-su,-sr but may overwrite
+Extract options: -sp (default)       leave orig source packed in current dir
+                 -sn                 do not copy original source to current dir
+                 -su                 unpack original source tree too
+General options: -h                  print this message
 ";
 }
 
@@ -42,6 +50,8 @@ while (@ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~ m/^-/) {
         &setopmode('build');
     } elsif (m/^-x$/) {
         &setopmode('extract');
+    } elsif (m/^-s([akpursnAKPUR])$/) {
+        $sourcestyle= $1;
     } elsif (m/^-c/) {
         $controlfile= $';
     } elsif (m/^-l/) {
@@ -69,30 +79,17 @@ defined($opmode) || &usageerr("need -x or -b");
 
 if ($opmode eq 'build') {
 
+    $sourcestyle =~ y/X/A/;
+    $sourcestyle =~ m/[akpursnAKPUR]/ ||
+        &usageerr("source handling style -s$sourcestyle not allowed with -b");
+
     @ARGV || &usageerr("-b needs a directory");
-    @ARGV<=2 || &usageerr("-b takes at most a directory and an orig directory");
+    @ARGV<=2 || &usageerr("-b takes at most a directory and an orig source argument");
     $dir= shift(@ARGV);
-    $dir= "./$dir" unless $dir =~ m:^/:;
+    $dir= "./$dir" unless $dir =~ m:^/:; $dir =~ s,/*$,,;
     stat($dir) || &error("cannot stat directory $dir: $!");
     -d $dir || &error("directory argument $dir is not a directory");
 
-    if (@ARGV) {
-        $origdir= shift(@ARGV);
-        if (length($origdir)) {
-            $origdir= "./$origdir" unless $origdir =~ m:^/:;
-            stat($origdir) || &error("cannot find orig directory $origdir: $!");
-            -d $origdir || &error("orig directory argument $origdir is not a directory");
-        }
-    } elsif (!stat("$dir.orig")) {
-        $! == ENOENT || &error("cannot stat tentative orig dir $dir.orig: $!");
-        $origdir= '';
-    } elsif (-d _) {
-        $origdir= "$dir.orig";
-    } else {
-        &error("tentative orig directory $dir.orig is not a directory");
-    }
-print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
-
     $changelogfile= "$dir/debian/changelog" unless defined($changelogfile);
     $controlfile= "$dir/debian/control" unless defined($controlfile);
     
@@ -176,53 +173,156 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
     $f{'Source'}= $sourcepackage;
     for $f (keys %remove) { delete $f{&capit($f)}; }
 
-    $version= $f{'Version'}; $version =~ s/^\d+://;
-    $basenamerev= $basename= $sourcepackage.'_'.$version;
-    $basename =~ s/-[^_]+$//;
+    $version= $f{'Version'};
+    $version =~ s/^\d+://; $upstreamversion= $version; $upstreamversion =~ s/-[^-]*$//;
+    $basenamerev= $sourcepackage.'_'.$version;
+    $basename= $sourcepackage.'_'.$upstreamversion;
     $basedirname= $basename;
 #print STDERR ">$basedirname<\n";
     $basedirname =~ s/_/-/;
 #print STDERR ">$basedirname<\n";
 
+    $origdir= "$dir.orig";
+    $origtargz= "$basename.orig.tar.gz";
+    if (@ARGV) {
+        $origarg= shift(@ARGV);
+        if (length($origarg)) {
+            stat($origarg) || &error("cannot stat orig argument $origarg: $!");
+            if (-d _) {
+                $origdir= $origarg;
+                $origdir= "./$origdir" unless $origdir =~ m,^/,; $origdir =~ s,/*$,,;
+                $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/rR/;
+                $sourcestyle =~ m/[ursURS]/ ||
+                    &error("orig argument is unpacked but source handling style".
+                           " -s$sourcestyle calls for packed (.orig.tar.gz)");
+            } elsif (-f _) {
+                $origtargz= $origarg;
+                $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/pP/;
+                $sourcestyle =~ m/[kpsKPS]/ ||
+                    &error("orig argument is packed but source handling style".
+                           " -s$sourcestyle calls for unpacked (.orig/)");
+            } else {
+                &error("orig argument $origarg is not a plain file or directory");
+            }
+        } else {
+            $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/nn/;
+            $sourcestyle =~ m/n/ ||
+                &error("orig argument is empty (means no orig, no diff)".
+                       " but source handling style -s$sourcestyle wants something");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($sourcestyle =~ m/[aA]/) {
+        if (stat("$origtargz")) {
+            -f _ || &error("packed orig \`$origtargz' exists but is not a plain file");
+            $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/pP/;
+        } elsif ($! != ENOENT) {
+            &syserr("unable to stat putative packed orig \`$origtargz'");
+        } elsif (stat("$origdir")) {
+            -d _ || &error("unpacked orig \`$origdir' exists but is not a directory");
+            $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/rR/;
+        } elsif ($! != ENOENT) {
+            &syserr("unable to stat putative unpacked orig \`$origdir'");
+        } else {
+            $sourcestyle =~ y/aA/nn/;
+        }
+    }
     $dirbase= $dir; $dirbase =~ s,/?$,,; $dirbase =~ s,[^/]+$,,; $dirname= $&;
-    if (length($origdir)) {
+    $dirname eq $basedirname || &warn("source directory \`$dir' is not <sourcepackage>".
+                                      "-<upstreamversion> \`$basedirname'");
+    
+    if ($sourcestyle ne 'n') {
         $origdirbase= $origdir; $origdirbase =~ s,/?$,,;
         $origdirbase =~ s,[^/]+$,,; $origdirname= $&;
 
         $origdirname eq "$basedirname.orig" ||
-            &warn(".orig directory name $origdirname is not package-origversion".
-                  " (wanted $basedirname.orig)");
+            &warn(".orig directory name $origdirname is not <package>".
+                  "-<upstreamversion> (wanted $basedirname.orig)");
         $tardirbase= $origdirbase; $tardirname= $origdirname;
-        $tarname= "$basename.orig.tar.gz";
+
+        $tarname= $origtargz;
+        $tarname eq "$basename.orig.tar.gz" ||
+            &warn(".orig.tar.gz name $tarname is not <package>-<upstreamversion>".
+                  ".orig.tar.gz (wanted $basename.orig.tar.gz)");
     } else {
         $tardirbase= $dirbase; $tardirname= $dirname;
         $tarname= "$basename.tar.gz";
     }
 
-    print("$progname: building $sourcepackage in $tarname\n")
-        || &syserr("write building tar message");
-    &forkgzipwrite($tarname);
-    defined($c2= fork) || &syserr("fork for tar");
-    if (!$c2) {
-        chdir($tardirbase) || &syserr("chdir to above (orig) source $tardirbase");
-        open(STDOUT,">&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for tar");
-        # FIXME: put `--' argument back when tar is fixed
-        exec('tar','-cO',$tardirname); &syserr("exec tar");
+#print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir|$origtargz|$sourcestyle<\n";
+
+    if ($sourcestyle =~ m/[nurUR]/) {
+
+        if (stat($tarname)) {
+            $sourcestyle =~ m/[nUR]/ ||
+                &error("tarfile \`$tarname' already exists, not overwriting,".
+                       " giving up; use -sU or -sR to override");
+        } elsif ($! != ENOENT) {
+            &syserr("unable to check for existence of \`$tarname'");
+        }
+
+#print STDERR ">$tarname|$tardirbase|$tardirname<\n";
+    
+        print("$progname: building $sourcepackage in $tarname\n")
+            || &syserr("write building tar message");
+        &forkgzipwrite("$tarname.new");
+        defined($c2= fork) || &syserr("fork for tar");
+        if (!$c2) {
+            chdir($tardirbase) || &syserr("chdir to above (orig) source $tardirbase");
+#system('pwd && ls');
+            open(STDOUT,">&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for tar");
+            # FIXME: put `--' argument back when tar is fixed
+            exec('tar','-cO',$tardirname); &syserr("exec tar");
+        }
+        close(GZIP);
+        &reapgzip;
+        $c2 == waitpid($c2,0) || &syserr("wait for tar");
+        $? && !(WIFSIGNALED($c2) && WTERMSIG($c2) == SIGPIPE) && subprocerr("tar");
+        rename("$tarname.new",$tarname) ||
+            &syserr("unable to rename \`$tarname.new' (newly created) to \`$tarname'");
+
+    } else {
+        
+        print("$progname: building $sourcepackage using existing $tarname\n")
+            || &syserr("write using existing tar message");
+        
     }
-    close(GZIP);
-    &reapgzip;
-    $c2 == waitpid($c2,0) || &syserr("wait for tar");
-    $? && !(WIFSIGNALED($c2) && WTERMSIG($c2) == SIGPIPE) && subprocerr("tar");
+    
     addfile("$tarname");
 
-    if (length($origdir)) {
+    if ($sourcestyle =~ m/[kpKP]/) {
+
+        if (stat($origdir)) {
+            $sourcestyle =~ m/[KP]/ ||
+                &error("orig dir \`$origdir' already exists, not overwriting,".
+                       " giving up; use -sA, -sK or -sP to override");
+            erasedir($origdir);
+        } elsif ($! != ENOENT) {
+            &syserr("unable to check for existence of orig dir \`$origdir'");
+        }
+
+        $expectprefix= $origdir; $expectprefix =~ s,^\./,,;
+        checktarsane($origtargz,$expectprefix);
+        mkdir("$origtargz.tmp-nest",0755) ||
+            &syserr("unable to create \`$origdirtargz.tmp-nest'");
+        extracttar($origtargz,"$origtargz.tmp-nest");
+        rename("$origtargz.tmp-nest/$expectprefix",$expectprefix) ||
+            &syserr("unable to rename \`$origtargz.tmp-nest/$expectprefix' to ".
+                    "\`$expectprefix'");
+        rmdir("$origtargz.tmp-nest") ||
+            &syserr("unable to remove \`$origdirtargz.tmp-nest'");
+
+    }
+        
+    if ($sourcestyle =~ m/[kpursKPUR]/) {
+        
         print("$progname: building $sourcepackage in $basenamerev.diff.gz\n")
             || &syserr("write building diff message");
         &forkgzipwrite("$basenamerev.diff.gz");
 
         defined($c2= open(FIND,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for find");
         if (!$c2) {
-            chdir($dirname) || &syserr("chdir to $dirname for find");
+            chdir($dir) || &syserr("chdir to $dir for find");
             exec('find','.','-print0'); &syserr("exec find");
         }
         $/= "\0";
@@ -268,7 +368,7 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
                         $difflinefound=1;
                     } else {
                         s/\n$//;
-                        &internerr("unknown line from diff -u on $dirname/$fn: \`$_'");
+                        &internerr("unknown line from diff -u on $dir/$fn: \`$_'");
                     }
                     print(GZIP $_) || &syserr("failed to write to gzip");
                 }
@@ -278,7 +378,7 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
                         &unrepdiff("diff gave 1 but no diff lines found");
                     }
                 } else {
-                    subprocerr("diff on $dirname/$fn");
+                    subprocerr("diff on $dir/$fn");
                 }
             } elsif (-p _) {
                 $type{$fn}= 'pipe';
@@ -291,13 +391,13 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
                 &unrepdiff("unknown file type ($!)");
             }
         }
-        close(FIND); $? && subprocerr("find on $dirname");
+        close(FIND); $? && subprocerr("find on $dir");
         close(GZIP) || &syserr("finish write to gzip pipe");
         &reapgzip;
 
         defined($c2= open(FIND,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for 2nd find");
         if (!$c2) {
-            chdir($origdirname) || &syserr("chdir to $origdirname for 2nd find");
+            chdir($origdir) || &syserr("chdir to $origdir for 2nd find");
             exec('find','.','-print0'); &syserr("exec 2nd find");
         }
         $/= "\0";
@@ -318,6 +418,11 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
         close(FIND); $? && subprocerr("find on $dirname");
 
         &addfile("$basenamerev.diff.gz");
+
+    }
+
+    if ($sourcestyle =~ m/[prPR]/) {
+        erasedir($origdir);
     }
 
     print("$progname: building $sourcepackage in $basenamerev.dsc\n")
@@ -334,6 +439,10 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
 
 } else {
 
+    $sourcestyle =~ y/X/p/;
+    $sourcestyle =~ m/[pun]/ ||
+        &usageerr("source handling style -s$sourcestyle not allowed with -b");
+
     @ARGV==1 || &usageerr("-x needs exactly one argument, the .dsc");
     $dsc= shift(@ARGV);
     $dsc= "./$dsc" unless $dsc =~ m:^/:;
@@ -381,72 +490,7 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
     checkstats($tarfile);
     checkstats($difffile) if length($difffile);
 
-    &forkgzipread("$dscdir/$tarfile");
-    defined($c2= open(CPIO,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for cpio");
-    if (!$c2) {
-        open(STDIN,"<&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for cpio");
-        &cpiostderr;
-        exec('cpio','-0t'); &syserr("exec cpio");
-    }
-    $/= "\0";
-    close(GZIP);
-  file:
-    while (defined($fn= <CPIO>)) {
-        $fn =~ s/\0$//; $pname= $fn; $pname =~ y/ -~/?/c;
-        $fn =~ m/\n/ &&
-            &error("tarfile contains object with newline in its name ($pname)");
-        $slash= substr($fn,length($expectprefix),1);
-        (($slash eq '/' || $slash eq '') &&
-         substr($fn,0,length($expectprefix)) eq $expectprefix) ||
-             &error("tarfile contains object ($pname) not in expected directory".
-                    " ($expectprefix)");
-        $fn =~ m,/\.\./, &&
-            &error("tarfile contains object with /../ in its name ($pname)");
-        push(@filesinarchive,$fn);
-    }
-    close(CPIO); $? && subprocerr("cpio");
-    $/= "\n";
-    &reapgzip;
-
-    &forkgzipread("$dscdir/$tarfile");
-    defined($c2= open(TAR,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for tar -t");
-    if (!$c2) {
-        $ENV{'LANG'}= 'C';
-        open(STDIN,"<&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for tar -t");
-        exec('tar','-vvtf','-'); &syserr("exec tar -vvtf -");
-    }
-    close(GZIP);
-    $efix= 0;
-  file:
-    while (length($_= <TAR>)) {
-        s/\n$//;
-        m,^(\S{10})\s, ||
-            &error("tarfile contains unknown object listed by tar as \`$_'");
-        $fn= $filesinarchive[$efix++]; $mode= $1;
-        if ($mode =~ m/^l/) { $_ =~ s/ -\> .*//; }
-        substr($_,length($_)-length($fn)-1) eq " $fn" ||
-            &error("tarfile contains unexpected object listed by tar as \`$_',".
-                   " expected \`$fn'");
-        $mode =~ s/^([-dpsl])// ||
-            &error("tarfile contains object \`$fn' with unknown or forbidden type \`".
-                   substr($_,0,1)."'");
-        $fn =~ m/\.dpkg-orig$/ &&
-            &error("tarfile contains file with name ending .dpkg-orig");
-        $type= $&;
-        $mode =~ m/[sStT]/ && $type ne 'd' &&
-            &error("tarfile contains setuid, setgid or sticky object \`$fn'");
-        $fn eq "$expectprefix/debian" && $type ne 'd' &&
-            &error("tarfile contains object `debian' that isn't a directory");
-        $fn =~ s,/$,, if $type eq 'd';
-        $dirname= $fn;
-        $dirname =~ s,/[^/]+$,, && !defined($dirincluded{$dirname}) &&
-            &error("tarfile contains object \`$fn' but its containing ".
-                   "directory \`$dirname' does not precede it");
-        $dirincluded{$fn}= 1 if $type eq 'd';
-        $notfileobject{$fn}= 1 if $type ne '-';
-    }
-    close(TAR); $? && subprocerr("tar -t");
-    &reapgzip;
+    checktarsane("$dscdir/$tarfile",$expectprefix);
 
     if (length($difffile)) {
         if (!$dirincluded{"$expectprefix/debian"}) {
@@ -483,20 +527,39 @@ print STDERR ">$dir|$origdir<\n";
         &reapgzip;
     }
 
-    print("$progname: extracting $sourcepackage in $newdirectory".
-          ($difffile ? " and $expectprefix" : '')."\n")
+    print("$progname: extracting $sourcepackage in $newdirectory\n")
         || &syserr("write extracting message");
     
     &erasedir($newdirectory);
     &erasedir("$newdirectory.orig");
 
-    &extracttar;
+    extracttar("$dscdir/$tarfile",'.');
     
     if (length($difffile)) {
         rename($expectprefix,$newdirectory) ||
             &syserr("failed to rename newly-extracted $expectprefix to $newdirectory");
-        
-        &extracttar;
+
+        if ($sourcestyle =~ m/u/) {
+            extracttar("$dscdir/$tarfile",'.');
+        } elsif ($sourcestyle =~ m/p/) {
+            stat("$dscdir/$tarfile") ||
+                &syserr("failed to stat \`$dscdir/$tarfile' to see if need to copy");
+            ($dsctardev,$dsctarino) = stat _;
+            $dumptar= $sourcepackage.'_'.$baseversion.'.orig.tar.gz';
+            if (!stat($dumptar)) {
+                $! == ENOENT || &syserr("failed to check destination \`$dumptar'".
+                                        " to see if need to copy");
+            } else {
+                ($dumptardev,$dumptarino) = stat _;
+                if ($dumptardev == $dsctardev && $dumptarino == $dsctarino) {
+                    $dumptar= '';
+                }
+            }
+            if (length($dumptar)) {
+                system('cp','--',"$dscdir/$tarfile","$dumptar");
+                $? && subprocerr("cp $dscdir/$tarfile to $dumptar");
+            }
+        }                
 
         if ($mkdebian) {
             mkdir("$newdirectory/debian",0777) ||
@@ -575,17 +638,101 @@ sub checkstats {
 sub erasedir {
     my ($dir) = @_;
     if (!lstat($dir)) {
-        $! == ENOENT || &syserr("cannot stat output directory $dir (before removal)");
-    } else {
-        system 'rm','-r','--',$dir;
-        $? && subprocerr("rm -r $dir");
+        $! == ENOENT && return;
+        &syserr("cannot stat directory $dir (before removal)");
+    }
+    system 'rm','-rf','--',$dir;
+    $? && subprocerr("rm -rf $dir");
+    if (!stat($dir)) {
+        $! == ENOENT && return;
+        &syserr("unable to check for removal of dir \`$dir'");
+    }
+    &failure("rm -rf failed to remove \`$dir'");
+}
+
+sub checktarsane {
+    my ($tarfileread,$epfx) = @_;
+    my $c2,$fn,$pname,$slash,$mode,$dirname,$type;
+
+    &forkgzipread("$tarfileread");
+    defined($c2= open(CPIO,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for cpio");
+    if (!$c2) {
+        open(STDIN,"<&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for cpio");
+        &cpiostderr;
+        exec('cpio','-0t'); &syserr("exec cpio");
     }
+    $/= "\0";
+    close(GZIP);
+  file:
+    while (defined($fn= <CPIO>)) {
+        $fn =~ s/\0$//; $pname= $fn; $pname =~ y/ -~/?/c;
+        $fn =~ m/\n/ &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains object with".
+                   " newline in its name ($pname)");
+        $slash= substr($fn,length($epfx),1);
+        (($slash eq '/' || $slash eq '') &&
+         substr($fn,0,length($epfx)) eq $epfx) ||
+             &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains object ($pname) ".
+                    "not in expected directory ($epfx)");
+        $fn =~ m,/\.\./, &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfilread' contains object with".
+                   " /../ in its name ($pname)");
+        push(@filesinarchive,$fn);
+    }
+    close(CPIO); $? && subprocerr("cpio");
+    
+    $/= "\n";
+    &reapgzip;
+    &forkgzipread("$tarfileread");
+    defined($c2= open(TAR,"-|")) || &syserr("fork for tar -t");
+    if (!$c2) {
+        $ENV{'LANG'}= 'C';
+        open(STDIN,"<&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for tar -t");
+        exec('tar','-vvtf','-'); &syserr("exec tar -vvtf -");
+    }
+    close(GZIP);
+    $efix= 0;
+  file:
+    while (length($_= <TAR>)) {
+        s/\n$//;
+        m,^(\S{10})\s, ||
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains unknown object ".
+                   "listed by tar as \`$_'");
+        $fn= $filesinarchive[$efix++]; $mode= $1;
+        if ($mode =~ m/^l/) { $_ =~ s/ -\> .*//; }
+        substr($_,length($_)-length($fn)-1) eq " $fn" ||
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains unexpected object".
+                   " listed by tar as \`$_', expected \`$fn'");
+        $mode =~ s/^([-dpsl])// ||
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains object \`$fn' with ".
+                   "unknown or forbidden type \`".substr($_,0,1)."'");
+        $fn =~ m/\.dpkg-orig$/ &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains file with name ending .dpkg-orig");
+        $type= $&;
+        $mode =~ m/[sStT]/ && $type ne 'd' &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains setuid, setgid".
+                   " or sticky object \`$fn'");
+        $fn eq "$epfx/debian" && $type ne 'd' &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains object \`debian'".
+                   " that isn't a directory");
+        $fn =~ s,/$,, if $type eq 'd';
+        $dirname= $fn;
+        $dirname =~ s,/[^/]+$,, && !defined($dirincluded{$dirname}) &&
+            &error("tarfile \`$tarfileread' contains object \`$fn' but its containing ".
+                   "directory \`$dirname' does not precede it");
+        $dirincluded{$fn}= 1 if $type eq 'd';
+        $notfileobject{$fn}= 1 if $type ne '-';
+    }
+    close(TAR); $? && subprocerr("tar -t");
+    &reapgzip;
 }
 
 sub extracttar {
-    &forkgzipread("$dscdir/$tarfile");
+    my ($tarfileread,$dirchdir) = @_;
+    &forkgzipread("$tarfileread");
     defined($c2= fork) || &syserr("fork for cpio -i");
     if (!$c2) {
+        chdir("$dirchdir") || &syserr("cannot chdir to \`$dirchdir' for tar extract");
         open(STDIN,"<&GZIP") || &syserr("reopen gzip for cpio -i");
         &cpiostderr;
         exec('cpio','-Hustar','-im','--no-preserve-owner'); &syserr("exec cpio -i");
@@ -670,16 +817,15 @@ sub reapgzip {
     $cgz == waitpid($cgz,0) || &syserr("wait for gzip");
     !$? || ($gzipsigpipeok && WIFSIGNALED($?) && WTERMSIG($?)==SIGPIPE) ||
         subprocerr("gzip");
-    (@stat= stat(GZIPFILE)) || &syserr("cannot stat file after run gzip");
-    $size= $stat[7];
     close(GZIPFILE);
 }
 
 sub addfile {
     my ($filename)= @_;
+    stat($filename) || &syserr("could not stat output file \`$filename'");
+    $size= (stat _)[7];
     my $md5sum= `md5sum <$filename`;
     $? && &subprocerr("md5sum $filename");
-    $md5sum =~ s/^([0-9a-f]{32})\n$/$1/ ||
-        die "$progname: failure: md5sum gave bogus output \`$_'\n";
+    $md5sum =~ s/^([0-9a-f]{32})\n$/$1/ || &failure("md5sum gave bogus output \`$_'");
     $f{'Files'}.= "\n $md5sum $size $filename";
 }
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
index 24361f98..49c8a176 100644
--- a/version.h
+++ b/version.h
@@ -1 +1 @@
-#define DPKG_VERSION "1.3.6" /* This line modified by Makefile */
+#define DPKG_VERSION "1.3.7" /* This line modified by Makefile */
-- 
2.39.5