Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:47:22 +0000 (22:47 +0100)]
[PATCH] m32r icu_data gcc4 fixes
either icu_data declaration for SMP case should be taken out of m32102.h,
or its declarations for m32700ut and opsput should not be static for SMP.
Patch does the latter - judging by comments in m32102.h it is intended to
be non-static.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:47:12 +0000 (22:47 +0100)]
[PATCH] alpha spinlock code and bogus constraints
"=m" (lock->lock) / "1" (lock->lock) makes gcc4 unhappy; fixed by s/1/m/,
same as in case of i386 rwsem.h where such variant had been accepted
by both Linus and rth.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:47:07 +0000 (22:47 +0100)]
[PATCH] alpha xchg fix
alpha xchg has to be a macro - alpha disables always_inline and if that
puppy does not get inlined, we immediately blow up on undefined reference.
Happens even on gcc3; with gcc4 that happens a _lot_.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
since sparc32 Kconfig includes drivers/char/Kconfig (instead of duplicating
its parts) we need several new dependencies there to exclude the stuff
broken on sparc32 and not excluded by existing dependencies.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:45:56 +0000 (22:45 +0100)]
[PATCH] Kconfig fix (airo_cs on m32r)
airo_cs is broken on m32r; marked as such. [Proper fix would involve
separating PCI-dependent parts and making sure they don't get in the
way _and_ arranging for asm/scatterlist.h getting picked on m32r]
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:45:46 +0000 (22:45 +0100)]
[PATCH] Kconfig fix (arv)
arv uses constants provided only by include/asm-m32r/m32700ut/m32700ut_lan.h
It won't build for any subarchitecture other than M32700UT; marked as such.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Al Viro [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 21:45:36 +0000 (22:45 +0100)]
[PATCH] Kconfig fix (DEBUG_PAGEALLOC on m32r)
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is broken on m32r - the option had been blindly copied from
i386; kernel_map_pages() had not and that's what is needed for DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
to work (or link, while we are at it).
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
NeilBrown [Mon, 22 Aug 2005 20:11:08 +0000 (13:11 -0700)]
[PATCH] md: make sure resync gets started when array starts.
We weren't actually waking up the md thread after setting
MD_RECOVERY_NEEDED when assembling an array, so it is possible to lose a
race and not actually start resync.
So add a call to md_wakeup_thread, and while we are at it, remove all the
"if (mddev->thread)" guards as md_wake_thread does its own checking.
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
David Meybohm [Mon, 22 Aug 2005 20:11:08 +0000 (13:11 -0700)]
[PATCH] preempt race in getppid
With CONFIG_PREEMPT && !CONFIG_SMP, it's possible for sys_getppid to
return a bogus value if the parent's task_struct gets reallocated after
current->group_leader->real_parent is read:
asmlinkage long sys_getppid(void)
{
int pid;
struct task_struct *me = current;
struct task_struct *parent;
parent = me->group_leader->real_parent;
RACE HERE => for (;;) {
pid = parent->tgid;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
{
struct task_struct *old = parent;
/*
* Make sure we read the pid before re-reading the
* parent pointer:
*/
smp_rmb();
parent = me->group_leader->real_parent;
if (old != parent)
continue;
}
#endif
break;
}
return pid;
}
If the process gets preempted at the indicated point, the parent process
can go ahead and call exit() and then get wait()'d on to reap its
task_struct. When the preempted process gets resumed, it will not do any
further checks of the parent pointer on !CONFIG_SMP: it will read the
bad pid and return.
So, the same algorithm used when SMP is enabled should be used when
preempt is enabled, which will recheck ->real_parent in this case.
Signed-off-by: David Meybohm <dmeybohmlkml@bellsouth.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
David S. Miller [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:13:06 +0000 (10:13 -0700)]
[TCP]: Unconditionally clear TCP_NAGLE_PUSH in skb_entail().
Intention of this bit is to force pushing of the existing
send queue when TCP_CORK or TCP_NODELAY state changes via
setsockopt().
But it's easy to create a situation where the bit never
clears. For example, if the send queue starts empty:
1) set TCP_NODELAY
2) clear TCP_NODELAY
3) set TCP_CORK
4) do small write()
The current code will leave TCP_NAGLE_PUSH set after that
sequence. Unconditionally clearing the bit when new data
is added via skb_entail() solves the problem.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Thomas Graf [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:12:44 +0000 (10:12 -0700)]
[PKT_SCHED]: Fix missing qdisc_destroy() in qdisc_create_dflt()
qdisc_create_dflt() is missing to destroy the newly allocated
default qdisc if the initialization fails resulting in leaks
of all kinds. The only caller in mainline which may trigger
this bug is sch_tbf.c in tbf_create_dflt_qdisc().
Note: qdisc_create_dflt() doesn't fulfill the official locking
requirements of qdisc_destroy() but since the qdisc could
never be seen by the outside world this doesn't matter
and it can stay as-is until the locking of pkt_sched
is cleaned up.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Vlad Yasevich [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:12:04 +0000 (10:12 -0700)]
[SCTP]: Add SENTINEL to SCTP MIB stats
Add SNMP_MIB_SENTINEL to the definition of the sctp_snmp_list so that
the output routine in proc correctly terminates. This was causing some
problems running on ia64 systems.
Signed-off-by: Vlad Yasevich <vladislav.yasevich@hp.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Ralf Baechle [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:11:45 +0000 (10:11 -0700)]
[AX25]: UID fixes
o Brown paperbag bug - ax25_findbyuid() was always returning a NULL pointer
as the result. Breaks ROSE completly and AX.25 if UID policy set to deny.
o While the list structure of AX.25's UID to callsign mapping table was
properly protected by a spinlock, it's elements were not refcounted
resulting in a race between removal and usage of an element.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle DL5RB <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Ralf Baechle [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:11:30 +0000 (10:11 -0700)]
[NET]: Fix socket bitop damage
The socket flag cleanups that went into 2.6.12-rc1 are basically oring
the flags of an old socket into the socket just being created.
Unfortunately that one was just initialized by sock_init_data(), so already
has SOCK_ZAPPED set. As the result zapped sockets are created and all
incoming connection will fail due to this bug which again was carefully
replicated to at least AX.25, NET/ROM or ROSE.
In order to keep the abstraction alive I've introduced sock_copy_flags()
to copy the socket flags from one sockets to another and used that
instead of the bitwise copy thing. Anyway, the idea here has probably
been to copy all flags, so sock_copy_flags() should be the right thing.
With this the ham radio protocols are usable again, so I hope this will
make it into 2.6.13.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle DL5RB <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Dave Johnson [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:10:15 +0000 (10:10 -0700)]
[IPV4]: Fix negative timer loop with lots of ipv4 peers.
From: Dave Johnson <djohnson+linux-kernel@sw.starentnetworks.com>
Found this bug while doing some scaling testing that created 500K inet
peers.
peer_check_expire() in net/ipv4/inetpeer.c isn't using inet_peer_gc_mintime
correctly and will end up creating an expire timer with less than the
minimum duration, and even zero/negative if enough active peers are
present.
If >65K peers, the timer will be less than inet_peer_gc_mintime, and with
>70K peers, the timer duration will reach zero and go negative.
The timer handler will continue to schedule another zero/negative timer in
a loop until peers can be aged. This can continue for at least a few
minutes or even longer if the peers remain active due to arriving packets
while the loop is occurring.
Bug is present in both 2.4 and 2.6. Same patch will apply to both just
fine.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Herbert Xu [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:09:53 +0000 (10:09 -0700)]
[RPC]: Kill bogus kmap in krb5
While I was going through the crypto users recently, I noticed this
bogus kmap in sunrpc. It's totally unnecessary since the crypto
layer will do its own kmap before touching the data. Besides, the
kmap is throwing the return value away.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Dmitry Yusupov [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 17:09:27 +0000 (10:09 -0700)]
[TCP]: Do TSO deferral even if tail SKB can go out now.
If the tail SKB fits into the window, it is still
benefitical to defer until the goal percentage of
the window is available. This give the application
time to feed more data into the send queue and thus
results in larger TSO frames going out.
Patch from Dmitry Yusupov <dima@neterion.com>.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Peter Chubb [Tue, 23 Aug 2005 00:50:00 +0000 (17:50 -0700)]
[IA64] Fix simulator boot (for real this time).
Thanks to Stephane, we've now worked out the real cause of the
`Linux will not boot on simulator' problem. Turns out it's a stack
overflow because the stack pointer wasn't being initialised properly
in boot_head.S (it was being initialised to the lowest instead of the
highest address of the stack, so the first push started to overwrite
data in the BSS).
Signed-off-by: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Andi Kleen [Fri, 19 Aug 2005 04:56:40 +0000 (06:56 +0200)]
[PATCH] x86_64: Fix race in TSC synchronization
Plug a race in TSC synchronization
We need to do tsc_sync_wait() before the CPU is set online to prevent
multiple CPUs from doing it in parallel - which won't work because TSC
sync has global unprotected state.
Steven Rostedt [Sat, 20 Aug 2005 00:57:46 +0000 (17:57 -0700)]
[PATCH] Mobil Pentium 4 HT and the NMI
I'm trying to get the nmi working with my laptop (IBM ThinkPad G41) and after
debugging it a while, I found that the nmi code doesn't want to set it up for
this particular CPU.
Here I have:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Mobile Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.33GHz
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 3320.084
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 3
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge
mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe pni
monitor ds_cpl est tm2 cid xtpr
bogomips : 6642.39
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
model : 4
model name : Mobile Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.33GHz
stepping : 1
cpu MHz : 3320.084
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 3
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge
mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe pni
monitor ds_cpl est tm2 cid xtpr
bogomips : 6637.46
And the following code shows:
$ cat linux-2.6.13-rc6/arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c
[...]
void setup_apic_nmi_watchdog (void)
{
switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86 != 6 && boot_cpu_data.x86 != 15)
return;
setup_k7_watchdog();
break;
case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
switch (boot_cpu_data.x86) {
case 6:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model > 0xd)
return;
setup_p6_watchdog();
break;
case 15:
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_model > 0x3)
return;
Here I get boot_cpu_data.x86_model == 0x4. So I decided to change it and
reboot. I now seem to have a working NMI. So, unless there's something know
to be bad about this processor and the NMI. I'm submitting the following
patch.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: Zwane Mwaikambo <zwane@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@csd.uu.se> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Linus Torvalds [Sat, 20 Aug 2005 01:02:56 +0000 (18:02 -0700)]
Fix nasty ncpfs symlink handling bug.
This bug could cause oopses and page state corruption, because ncpfs
used the generic page-cache symlink handlign functions. But those
functions only work if the page cache is guaranteed to be "stable", ie a
page that was installed when the symlink walk was started has to still
be installed in the page cache at the end of the walk.
We could have fixed ncpfs to not use the generic helper routines, but it
is in many ways much cleaner to instead improve on the symlink walking
helper routines so that they don't require that absolute stability.
We do this by allowing "follow_link()" to return a error-pointer as a
cookie, which is fed back to the cleanup "put_link()" routine. This
also simplifies NFS symlink handling.
Al Viro [Fri, 19 Aug 2005 21:42:16 +0000 (22:42 +0100)]
[PATCH] jffs2: fix symlink error handling
The current calling conventions for ->follow_link() are already fairly
complex.
What we have is
1) you can return -error; then you must release nameidata yourself
and ->put_link() will _not_ be called.
2) you can do nd_set_link(nd, ERR_PTR(-error)) and return 0
3) you can do nd_set_link(nd, path) and return 0
4) you can return 0 (after having moved nameidata yourself)
jffs2 follow_link() is broken - it has an exit where it returns
-EIO and leaks nameidata.
Al Viro [Fri, 19 Aug 2005 22:56:37 +0000 (15:56 -0700)]
[SPARC]: Fix weak aliases
sparc_ksyms.c used to declare weak alias to several gcc intrinsics. It
doesn't work with gcc4 anymore - it wants a declaration for the thing
we are aliasing to and that's not going to happen for something like
.mul, etc. Replaced with direct injection of weak alias on the assembler
level - .weak <alias> followed by <alias> = <aliased>; that works on all
gcc versions.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Michael Chan [Fri, 19 Aug 2005 19:54:29 +0000 (12:54 -0700)]
[TG3]: Fix SerDes detection
A problem was reported by Grant Grundler on an HP rx8620 using IOX
Core LAN partno(A7109-6) 5701 copper NIC. The tg3 driver mistakenly
detects this NIC as having a SerDes PHY and link does not come up as a
result.
The problem was caused by an incorrectly programmed eeprom that set the
NIC_SRAM_DATA_CFG_PHY_TYPE_FIBER bit in the NIC_SRAM_DATA_CFG location.
This patch will override the NIC_SRAM_DATA_CFG_PHY_TYPE_FIBER bit if a
valid PHY ID is read from the MII registers on older 570x chips where
the MII interface is not used on SerDes chips. On newer chips such as
the 5780 that use MII for both copper and SerDes, SerDes detection must
rely on the eeprom.
This patch will make the SerDes detection identical to versions 3.25 and
older.
Signed-off-by: Michael Chan <mchan@broadcom.com> Acked-by: Grant Grundler <iod00d@hp.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Herbert Xu [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 21:36:59 +0000 (14:36 -0700)]
[IPCOMP]: Fix false smp_processor_id warning
This patch fixes a false-positive from debug_smp_processor_id().
The processor ID is only used to look up crypto_tfm objects.
Any processor ID is acceptable here as long as it is one that is
iterated on by for_each_cpu().
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Ian Wienand [Wed, 20 Jul 2005 05:32:00 +0000 (22:32 -0700)]
[IA64] Simulator bootloader fails with gcc 4
After building a fresh tree with gcc 4 I can't boot the simulator as
the bootloader loader dies with
loading /home/ianw/kerntest/kerncomp//build/sim_defconfig/vmlinux...
failed to read phdr
After some investigation I believe this is do with differences between
the alignment of variables on the stack between gcc 3 and 4 and the
ski simulator. If you trace through with the simulator you can see
that the disk_stat structure value returned from the SSC_WAIT_COMPLETION
call seems to be only half loaded. I guess it doesn't like the alignment
of the input.
Signed-off-by: Ian Wienand <ianw@gelato.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Jay Vosburgh [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 21:04:51 +0000 (14:04 -0700)]
[TOKENRING]: Use interrupt-safe locking with rif_lock.
Change operations on rif_lock from spin_{un}lock_bh to
spin_{un}lock_irq{save,restore} equivalents. Some of the
rif_lock critical sections are called from interrupt context via
tr_type_trans->tr_add_rif_info. The TR NIC drivers call tr_type_trans
from their packet receive handlers.
Signed-off-by: Jay Vosburgh <fubar@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Ben Dooks [Sat, 23 Jul 2005 16:29:38 +0000 (17:29 +0100)]
[PATCH] DM9000 - incorrect ioctl() handling
The DM9000 driver is responding to ioctl() calls it should not be. This
can cause problems with the wireless tools incorrectly indentifying the
device as wireless capable, and crashing under certain operations.
This patch also moves the version printk() to the init call, so that
you only get it once for multiple devices, and to show it is loaded
if there are no defined dm9000s
Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Ralf Baechle [Tue, 2 Aug 2005 10:01:27 +0000 (11:01 +0100)]
[PATCH] IOC3 fixes
- Using the right register clearly improves chances of getting the MII
code and thus the driver working at all.
- On startup check the media type before setting up duplex or we might
spend the first 1.2s with a wrong duplex setting.
- Get rid of whitespace lines. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com>
Narendra Sankar [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 20:30:35 +0000 (22:30 +0200)]
[PATCH] serverworks: add support for new southbridge IDE
BCM5785 (HT1000) is a Opteron Southbridge from Serverworks/Broadcom that
incorporates a single channel ATA100 IDE controller that is functionally
identical to the Serverworks CSB6 IDE controller. This patch adds support
for the new PCI device ID and also the support for this controller.
Matt Gillette [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 20:27:07 +0000 (22:27 +0200)]
[PATCH] ide: add support for Netcell Revolution to pci-ide generic driver
Adds support for Netcell Revolution to pci-ide generic driver by including
it in the list of devices matched. Includes the Revolution in the list of
simplex devices forced into DMA mode.
Signed-off-by: Matt Gillette <matt.gillette@netcell.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <B.Zolnierkiewicz@elka.pw.edu.pl> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@elka.pw.edu.pl>
Juha-Matti Tapio [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 20:13:44 +0000 (22:13 +0200)]
[PATCH] ide: fix the BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI dependency for drivers/ide/ppc/pmac.c
drivers/ide/ppc/pmac.c uses symbols ide_build_sglist,
__ide_dma_off_quietly, __ide_dma_on and __ide_dma_timeout when
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PMAC is defined. The declarations for these
symbols (in ide.h) depend on CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI. There is a
missing dependency for this in drivers/ide/Kconfig which causes
drivers/ide/ppc/pmac.c to fail to build if CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PMAC
is selected but CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI is not.
Signed-off-by: Juha-Matti Tapio <jmtapio@verkkotelakka.net> Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@elka.pw.edu.pl>
Jan Kara [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 18:24:17 +0000 (11:24 -0700)]
[PATCH] reiserfs+acl+quota deadlock fix
When i_acl_default is set to some error we do not hold the lock (hence we
are not allowed to drop it and reacquire later).
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Cc: Chris Mason <mason@suse.com> Cc: <reiserfs-dev@namesys.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
NeilBrown [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 18:24:16 +0000 (11:24 -0700)]
[PATCH] md: make sure mddev->bitmap_offset gets cleared between array instantiations.
... otherwise we might try to load a bitmap from an array which hasn't one.
The bug is that if you create an array with an internal bitmap, shut it down,
and then create an array with the same md device, the md drive will assume it
should have a bitmap too. As the array can be created with a different md
device, it is mostly an inconvenience. I'm pretty sure there is no risk of
data corruption.
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Robert Love [Thu, 18 Aug 2005 18:24:14 +0000 (11:24 -0700)]
[PATCH] SH64: inotify and ioprio syscalls
Add inotify and ioprio syscall stubs to SH64.
Signed-off-by: Robert Love <rml@novell.com> Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>