show_state() (SysRq-T) developed the buggy habbit of not showing
TASK_RUNNING tasks. This was due to the mistaken belief that state_filter
== -1 would be a pass-through filter - while in reality it did not let
TASK_RUNNING == 0 p->state values through.
Fix this by restoring the original '!state_filter means all tasks'
special-case i had in the original version. Test-built and test-booted on
i686, SysRq-T now works as intended.
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6
* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/ubi-2.6:
UBI: remove unused variable
UBI: add me to MAINTAINERS
JFFS2: add UBI support
UBI: Unsorted Block Images
Merge branch 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfasheh/ocfs2
* 'upstream-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfasheh/ocfs2: (27 commits)
ocfs2: Cache extent records
ocfs2: Remember rw lock level during direct io
ocfs2: Fix up i_blocks calculation to know about holes
ocfs2: Fix extent lookup to return true size of holes
ocfs2: Read from an unwritten extent returns zeros
ocfs2: make room for unwritten extents flag
ocfs2: Use own splice write actor
ocfs2: Use do_sync_mapping_range() in ocfs2_zero_tail_for_truncate()
[PATCH] Turn do_sync_file_range() into do_sync_mapping_range()
ocfs2: zero tail of sparse files on truncate
ocfs2: Teach ocfs2_get_block() about holes
ocfs2: remove ocfs2_prepare_write() and ocfs2_commit_write()
ocfs2: teach ocfs2_file_aio_write() about sparse files
ocfs2: Turn off shared writeable mmap for local files systems with holes.
ocfs2: abstract out allocation locking
ocfs2: teach extend/truncate about sparse files
ocfs2: temporarily remove extent map caching
ocfs2: sparse b-tree support
ocfs2: small cleanup of ocfs2_request_delete()
ocfs2: remove unused code
...
Merge branch 'e1000-fixes' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/netdev-2.6
* 'e1000-fixes' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jgarzik/netdev-2.6:
e1000: FIX: Stop raw interrupts disabled nag from RT
e1000: FIX: firmware handover bits
e1000: FIX: be ready for incoming irq at pci_request_irq
Merge branch 'for-linus' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/roland/infiniband
* 'for-linus' of master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/roland/infiniband: (49 commits)
IB: Set class_dev->dev in core for nice device symlink
IB/ehca: Implement modify_port
IB/umad: Clarify documentation of transaction ID
IPoIB/cm: spin_lock_irqsave() -> spin_lock_irq() replacements
IB/mad: Change SMI to use enums rather than magic return codes
IB/umad: Implement GRH handling for sent/received MADs
IB/ipoib: Use ib_init_ah_from_path to initialize ah_attr
IB/sa: Set src_path_bits correctly in ib_init_ah_from_path()
IB/ucm: Simplify ib_ucm_event()
RDMA/ucma: Simplify ucma_get_event()
IB/mthca: Simplify CQ cleaning in mthca_free_qp()
IB/mthca: Fix mthca_write_mtt() on HCAs with hidden memory
IB/mthca: Update HCA firmware revisions
IB/ipath: Fix WC format drift between user and kernel space
IB/ipath: Check that a UD work request's address handle is valid
IB/ipath: Remove duplicate stuff from ipath_verbs.h
IB/ipath: Check reserved memory keys
IB/ipath: Fix unit selection when all CPU affinity bits set
IB/ipath: Don't allow QPs 0 and 1 to be opened multiple times
IB/ipath: Disable IB link earlier in shutdown sequence
...
* master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-2.6: (67 commits)
[SCSI] SUNESP: Complete driver rewrite to version 2.0
[SPARC64]: Convert PCI over to generic struct iommu/strbuf.
[SPARC]: device_node name constification fallout
[SPARC64]: Convert SBUS over to generic iommu/strbuf structs.
[SPARC64]: Add generic iommu and strbuf structs to iommu.h
[SPARC64]: Consolidate {sbus,pci}_iommu_arena.
[SPARC]: Make device_node name and type const
[SPARC64]: constify some paramaters of OF routines
[TIGON3]: of_get_property() returns const.
[SPARC64]: Fix PCI rework to adhere to of_get_property() const return.
[SPARC64]: Document and fix calculation of pages_avail.
[SPARC64]: Make sure pbm->prom_node is setup easly enough in psycho.c
[SPARC64]: Use bootmem_bootmap_pages() in choose_bootmap_pfn().
[SPARC64]: Add proper header file extern for cmdline_memory_size.
[SPARC64]: Kill sparc_ultra_dump_{i,d}tlb()
[SPARC64]: Use DECLARE_BITMAP and BITS_TO_LONGS in mm/init.c
[SPARC64]: Give move verbose show_mem() output just like i386.
[SPARC64]: Mark show_mem() printk's with KERN_INFO.
[SPARC64]: Kill kvaddr_to_phys() and friends.
[SPARC64]: Privatize sun4u_get_pte() and fix name.
...
Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://www.atmel.no/~hskinnemoen/linux/kernel/avr32
* 'for-linus' of git://www.atmel.no/~hskinnemoen/linux/kernel/avr32: (21 commits)
[AVR32] Fix compile error with gcc 4.1
avr32: remove unneeded cast in atomic.h
AVR32: Remove useless config option "GENERIC_BUST_SPINLOCK".
[AVR32] Optimize the TLB miss handler
[AVR32] Board code for ATNGW100
[AVR32] Use memcpy/memset in memcpy_{from,to}_io and memset_io
[AVR32] Get rid of board_setup_fbmem()
[AVR32] Reserve framebuffer memory in early_parse_fbmem()
[AVR32] Simplify early handling of memory regions
[AVR32] Move setup_bootmem() from mm/init.c to kernel/setup.c
[AVR32] Make I/O access macros work with external devices
[AVR32] Fix NMI handler
[AVR32] Clean up exception handling code
[AVR32] Clean up cpu identification and add features bitmap
[AVR32] Clean up asm/sysreg.h
[AVR32] Don't enable clocks with no users
[AVR32] Put cpu in sleep 0 when idle.
[AVR32] Change system timer from count-compare to Timer/Counter 0
[AVR32] Add mach-specific Kconfig
[AVR32] Add nwait and tdf parameters to SMC configuration
...
Do this really early in the 2.6.22-rc series, so that we'll get
feedback. And don't change by half measures. Just cut the default
dirty limit to a quarter of what it was, and see if anybody even
notices.
[MIPS] Don't force frame pointers for lockdep on MIPS
Stacktrace support on MIPS doesn't use frame pointers. Since this option
considerably increases the size of the kernel code, force lockdep to not
use it.
Robert P. J. Day [Tue, 10 Apr 2007 10:23:27 +0000 (06:23 -0400)]
[MIPS] Replace old fashioned "__typeof" with "__typeof__".
[Robert's original log message said this was a bug but it isn't, it's
just very old fashioned syntax that is not (no longer?) documented in the
gcc documentation. So for the sake of uniformity I'm applying his
patch but with a modified log message. -- Ralf]
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
PCI host bridge setup for SNI RM machines with PCI is quite broken, now
that Linux does it's resource setup own its own. It will use IO addresses,
which are needed by the EISA config detection and assigns PCI memory
addresses, which overlap with ISA legacy addresses (video ram). Below
is a patch, which changes the way how the PCI memory addresses are
used and sets the minimum IO address to give enough IO space for
8 EISA slots). This patch needs the other PCI resource change, I've
posted.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
PCI based SNI RM machines have their EISA bus behind an Intel PCI/EISA
bridge. So the PCI IO range must start at 0x0000. Changing that will
break the PCI bus, because i8259.c already has registered it's IO
addresses before the PCI bus gets initialized. Below is a patch,
which will register the PCI host bridge resources inside
register_pci_controller(). It also changes i8259.c to use insert_region(),
because request_resource() will fail, if the IO space of the PIT hanging
of the PCI host bridge (maybe passing the resource parent to
init_i8259_irqs() is a cleaner fix for that).
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Mark Mason [Thu, 29 Mar 2007 18:39:56 +0000 (11:39 -0700)]
[MIPS] Add bcm1480 ZBus trace support, fix wait related bugs
Make ZBus tracing generic - moving it to a common direcotry under
arch/mips/sibyte, add bcm1480 support and fix some wait related
bugs (thanks to Ralf for assistance on that).
Signed-off-by: Mark Mason <mason@broadcom.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Mark Mason [Wed, 28 Mar 2007 21:40:25 +0000 (14:40 -0700)]
[MIPS] Updated Sibyte headers
This is an update to the earlier patch for the sibyte headers, and superceeds
the previous patch. Changes were necessary to get the tbprof driver working
on the bcm1480.
Patch to update Sibyte header files to match master versions maintained
at Broadcom. This patch also corrects some whitespace problems, and
(hopefully) shouldn't introduce any new ones.
Signed-off-by: Mark Mason <mason@broadcom.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Yoichi Yuasa [Wed, 14 Mar 2007 12:51:26 +0000 (21:51 +0900)]
[MIPS] merge GT64111 PCI routines and GT64120 PCI_0 routines
This patch has merged GT64111 PCI routines and GT64120 PCI_0 routines.
GT64111 PCI is almost the same as GT64120's PCI_0.
This patch don't change GT64120 PCI routines.
arch/s390/appldata/appldata_base.c has some confusing debugging code left
over to allow compiling it as a module. In practice, it cannot be configured
as module and there is no need to keep that code.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The clock synchronization of the ETR code requires an smp_call_function
to synchronize all cpus. Calling smp_call_function from a tasklet is
illegal. Replace the tasklet with a job on the global workqueue.
ETR work is rare and can be postponed to a be done by a kernel thread.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The page_test_and_clear_dirty primitive really consists of two
operations, page_test_dirty and the page_clear_dirty. The combination
of the two is not an atomic operation, so it makes more sense to have
two separate operations instead of one.
In addition to the improved readability of the s390 version of
SetPageUptodate, it now avoids the page_test_dirty operation which is
an insert-storage-key-extended (iske) instruction which is an expensive
operation.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Generate uevents for all cpus if cpu capability changes. This can
happen e.g. because the cpus are overheating. The cpu capability can
be read via /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuN/capability.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Ahmed S. Darwish [Fri, 27 Apr 2007 14:01:50 +0000 (16:01 +0200)]
[S390] ctc: kmalloc->kzalloc/casting cleanups.
A patch for the CTC / ESCON network driver. Switch from kmalloc to kzalloc
when appropriate, remove some unnecessary kmalloc casts too. Since I have no
s390 machine, I didn't compile it but I examined it carefully.
Signed-off-by: "Ahmed S. Darwish" <darwish.07@gmail.com> Cc: Frank Pavlic <fpavlic@de.ibm.com> Cc: Ursula Braun <braunu@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Michael Holzheu [Fri, 27 Apr 2007 14:01:49 +0000 (16:01 +0200)]
[S390] zfcpdump support.
s390 machines provide hardware support for creating Linux dumps on SCSI
disks. For creating a dump a special purpose dump Linux is used. The first
32 MB of memory are saved by the hardware before the dump Linux is
booted. Via an SCLP interface, the saved memory can be accessed from
Linux. This patch exports memory and registers of the crashed Linux to
userspace via a debugfs file. For more information refer to
Documentation/s390/zfcpdump.txt, which is included in this patch.
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
[S390] dasd: Add sysfs attribute status and generate uevents.
This patch adds a sysfs-attribute 'status' to make the DASD device-status
accessible from user-space. In addition, the DASD driver generates an
uevent(CHANGE) for the ccw-device on each device-status change.
This enables user-space applications (e.g. udev) to do related processing.
Recent cvs versions of gcc have support for an improved stack overflow
checking that calculates the size of the guard size for each function.
If the compiler accepts -mstack-size without -mstack-guard then the
new stack check is available. We always want to use the new stack
checker.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:con3270_consetup from .data
between 'con3270' (at offset 0x45c8) and 'con3270_fn'
Section mismatch: reference to .init.text:con3215_consetup from .data
between 'con3215' (at offset 0x4678) and
'raw3215_ccw_driver'
Since there is no difference between a non present console setup
function and one that returns only 0 remove them.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Simplify the signal_return function that checks for the two special
system calls sigreturn and rt_sigreturn. No need to do a page table
walk, a call to copy_from_user while disabled page faults will work
as well.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
The minor fault path has grown a lot in terms of cycles. In particular
the kprobes hook is very costly. Optimize the path to save a couple of
cycles. If kprobes is enabled more than 300 cycles can be avoided if
kprobes_running() is false.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Generic bug implementation for s390. Will increase the value of the
console output on BUG() statements since registers r0-r5,r14 will
not be clobbered by a printk() call that was previously done before
the illegal instruction of BUG() was hit.
Also implements an architecture specific WARN_ON(). Output of that
could be increased but requires common code change.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
This patch adds two improvements to the oops output. First it adds an
additional line after the PSW which decodes the different fields of it.
Second a disassembler is added that decodes the instructions surrounding
the faulting PSW. The output of a test oops now looks like this:
Remove system call glue for sys_clone, sys_fork, sys_vfork, sys_execve,
sys_sigreturn, sys_rt_sigreturn and sys_sigaltstack. Call do_execve from
kernel_execve directly, move pt_regs to the right place and branch to
sysc_return to start the user space program. This removes the last
in-kernel system call.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
We used to unregister ccw devices not directly from the I/O
subchannel remove function in order to avoid lifelocks on the
css bus semaphore. This semaphore is gone, and there is no reason
to not unregister the ccw device directly (it is even better since
it is more in keeping with the goal of immediate disconnect).
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
We allocage two pages when channel path measurements are enabled
via cm_enable. We must not forget to free them again when
channel path measurements are disabled again.
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
[S390] cio: replace subchannel evaluation queue with bitmap
Use a bitmap for indicating which subchannels require evaluation
instead of allocating memory for each evaluation request. This
approach reduces memory consumption during recovery in case of
massive evaluation request occurrence and removes the need for
memory allocation failure handling.
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Stefan Bader [Fri, 27 Apr 2007 14:01:33 +0000 (16:01 +0200)]
[S390] cio: Re-start path verification after aborting internal I/O.
Path verification triggered by changes to the available CHPIDs will be
interrupted by another change but not re-started. This results in an
invalid path mask.
To solve this make sure to completely re-start path verification when
changing the available paths.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Bader <shbader@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add a new attribute to the channel-path sysfs directory through which
channel-path configure operations can be triggered. Also listen for
hardware events requesting channel-path configure operations and
process them accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
gcc 4.1 doesn't seem to like const variables as inline assembly
outputs. Drop support for reading 64-bit values using get_user() so
that we can use an unsigned long to hold the result regardless of the
actual size. This should be safe since many architectures, including
i386, doesn't support reading 64-bit values with get_user().
Reorder some instructions and change the register usage to reduce
the number of pipeline stalls. Also use the bfextu and bfins
instructions for bitfield manipulations instead of shifting and
masking.
This makes gzipping a 80MB file approximately 2% faster.
Since the core setup code takes care of both allocation and
reservation of framebuffer memory, there's no need for this board-
specific hook anymore. Replace it with two global variables,
fbmem_start and fbmem_size, which can be used directly.
[AVR32] Reserve framebuffer memory in early_parse_fbmem()
With the current strategy of using the bootmem allocator to allocate
or reserve framebuffer memory, there's a slight chance that the
requested area has been taken by the boot allocator bitmap before we
get around to reserving it.
By inserting the framebuffer region as a reserved region as early as
possible, we improve our chances for success and we make the region
visible as a reserved region in dmesg and /proc/iomem without any
extra work.
Use struct resource to specify both physical memory regions and
reserved regions and push everything into the same framework,
including kernel code/data and initrd memory. This allows us to get
rid of many special cases in the bootmem initialization and will also
make it easier to implement more robust handling of framebuffer
memory later.
[AVR32] Make I/O access macros work with external devices
Fix the I/O access macros so that they work with externally connected
devices accessed in little-endian mode over any bus width:
* Use a set of macros to define I/O port- and memory operations
borrowed from MIPS.
* Allow subarchitecture to specify address- and data-mangling
* Implement at32ap-specific port mangling (with build-time
configurable bus width. Only one bus width at a time supported
for now.)
* Rewrite iowriteN and friends to use write[bwl] and friends
(not the __raw counterparts.)
This has been tested using pata_pcmcia to access a CompactFlash card
connected to the EBI (16-bit bus width.)
Fix a problem with the NMI handler entry code related to the NMI handler
sharing some code with the exception handlers. This is not a good idea
because the RSR and RAR registers are not the same, and the NMI handler
runs with interrupts masked the whole time so there's no need to check
for pending work.
Open-code the low-level NMI handling logic instead so that the pt_regs
layout is actually correct when the higher-level handler is called.
* Use generic BUG() handling
* Remove some useless debug statements
* Use a common function _exception() to send signals or oops when
an exception can't be handled. This makes sure init doesn't
enter an infinite exception loop as well. Borrowed from powerpc.
* Add some basic exception tracing support to the page fault code.
* Rework dump_stack(), show_regs() and friends and move everything
into process.c
* Print information about configuration options and chip type when
oopsing
[AVR32] Clean up cpu identification and add features bitmap
Clean up the cpu identification code, using definitions from
<asm/sysreg.h> instead of hardcoded constants. Also, add a features
bitmap to struct avr32_cpuinfo to allow other code to make decisions
based upon what the running cpu is actually capable of.
Bring the code that sets the initial PM clock masks in line with the
comment preceding it by only enabling clocks that have users != 0.
Fix SM clock definition and avr32_hpt_init() so that the SM and TC0
clocks keep ticking.
This patch puts the CPU in sleep 0 when doing nothing, idle. This will
turn of the CPU clock and thus save power. The CPU is waken again when
an interrupt occurs.
[AVR32] Change system timer from count-compare to Timer/Counter 0
Due to limitation of the count-compare system timer (not able to
count when CPU is in sleep), the system timer had to be changed to
use a peripheral timer/counter.
The old COUNT-COMPARE code is still present in time.c as weak
functions. The new timer is added to the architecture directory.
This patch sets up TC0 as system timer The new timer has been tested
on AT32AP7000/ATSTK1000 at 100 Hz, 250 Hz, 300 Hz and 1000 Hz.
For more details about the timer/counter see the datasheet for
AT32AP700x available at
Include at32ap-specific Kconfig file from top-level Kconfig file. The
at32ap Kconfig is currently empty, but it will grow some machine-
specific options soon.
UBI (Latin: "where?") manages multiple logical volumes on a single
flash device, specifically supporting NAND flash devices. UBI provides
a flexible partitioning concept which still allows for wear-levelling
across the whole flash device.
In a sense, UBI may be compared to the Logical Volume Manager
(LVM). Whereas LVM maps logical sector numbers to physical HDD sector
numbers, UBI maps logical eraseblocks to physical eraseblocks.
More information may be found at
http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/doc/ubi.html
Partitioning/Re-partitioning
An UBI volume occupies a certain number of erase blocks. This is
limited by a configured maximum volume size, which could also be
viewed as the partition size. Each individual UBI volume's size can
be changed independently of the other UBI volumes, provided that the
sum of all volume sizes doesn't exceed a certain limit.
UBI supports dynamic volumes and static volumes. Static volumes are
read-only and their contents are protected by CRC check sums.
Bad eraseblocks handling
UBI transparently handles bad eraseblocks. When a physical
eraseblock becomes bad, it is substituted by a good physical
eraseblock, and the user does not even notice this.
Scrubbing
On a NAND flash bit flips can occur on any write operation,
sometimes also on read. If bit flips persist on the device, at first
they can still be corrected by ECC, but once they accumulate,
correction will become impossible. Thus it is best to actively scrub
the affected eraseblock, by first copying it to a free eraseblock
and then erasing the original. The UBI layer performs this type of
scrubbing under the covers, transparently to the UBI volume users.
Erase Counts
UBI maintains an erase count header per eraseblock. This frees
higher-level layers (like file systems) from doing this and allows
for centralized erase count management instead. The erase counts are
used by the wear-levelling algorithm in the UBI layer. The algorithm
itself is exchangeable.
Booting from NAND
For booting directly from NAND flash the hardware must at least be
capable of fetching and executing a small portion of the NAND
flash. Some NAND flash controllers have this kind of support. They
usually limit the window to a few kilobytes in erase block 0. This
"initial program loader" (IPL) must then contain sufficient logic to
load and execute the next boot phase.
Due to bad eraseblocks, which may be randomly scattered over the
flash device, it is problematic to store the "secondary program
loader" (SPL) statically. Also, due to bit-flips it may become
corrupted over time. UBI allows to solve this problem gracefully by
storing the SPL in a small static UBI volume.
UBI volumes vs. static partitions
UBI volumes are still very similar to static MTD partitions:
* both consist of eraseblocks (logical eraseblocks in case of UBI
volumes, and physical eraseblocks in case of static partitions;
* both support three basic operations - read, write, erase.
But UBI volumes have the following advantages over traditional
static MTD partitions:
* there are no eraseblock wear-leveling constraints in case of UBI
volumes, so the user should not care about this;
* there are no bit-flips and bad eraseblocks in case of UBI volumes.
So, UBI volumes may be considered as flash devices with relaxed
restrictions.
Where can it be found?
Documentation, kernel code and applications can be found in the MTD
gits.
What are the applications for?
The applications help to create binary flash images for two purposes: pfi
files (partial flash images) for in-system update of UBI volumes, and plain
binary images, with or without OOB data in case of NAND, for a manufacturing
step. Furthermore some tools are/and will be created that allow flash content
analysis after a system has crashed..
Who did UBI?
The original ideas, where UBI is based on, were developed by Andreas
Arnez, Frank Haverkamp and Thomas Gleixner. Josh W. Boyer and some others
were involved too. The implementation of the kernel layer was done by Artem
B. Bityutskiy. The user-space applications and tools were written by Oliver
Lohmann with contributions from Frank Haverkamp, Andreas Arnez, and Artem.
Joern Engel contributed a patch which modifies JFFS2 so that it can be run on
a UBI volume. Thomas Gleixner did modifications to the NAND layer. Alexander
Schmidt made some testing work as well as core functionality improvements.
Signed-off-by: Artem B. Bityutskiy <dedekind@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Frank Haverkamp <haver@vnet.ibm.com>
This adds register and clock definitions for the High-speed bus Matrix
(HMATRIX) as well as a function that can be used to configure special
EBI functionality like CompactFlash and NAND flash support.
[IPV4] nl_fib_lookup: Initialise res.r before fib_res_put(&res)
When CONFIG_IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES is enabled, the code in nl_fib_lookup()
needs to initialize the res.r field before fib_res_put(&res) - unlike
fib_lookup(), a direct call to ->tb_lookup does not set this field.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Vlasov <vsu@altlinux.ru> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
projects / linux-2.6 / log