.SH NAME
mount \- mount a file system
.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BI "mount [\-lhV]"
+.B mount
+.RB [ \-lhV ]
.LP
-.BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-O " optlist ]
+.BI "mount \-a
+.RB [ \-fFnrsvw ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR vfstype ]
+.RB [ \-O
+.IR optlist ]
.LP
-.BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir"
+.B mount
+.RB [ \-fnrsvw ]
+.RB [ \-o
+.IR option [ \fB,\fPoption ]...]
+.IR device | dir
.LP
-.BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir"
+.B mount
+.RB [ \-fnrsvw ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IB vfstype ]
+.RB [ \-o
+.IR options ]
+.I device dir
.SH DESCRIPTION
All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big
tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at
.B "mount \-V"
prints a version string
.TP
-.BI "mount [-l] [-t" " type" ]
+.BR "mount " [ -l "] [" "-t \fItype\fP" ]
lists all mounted file systems (of type
.IR type ).
The option \-l adds the labels in this listing.
file hierarchy somewhere else. The call is
.RS
.br
-.B "mount --bind olddir newdir"
+.B mount --bind
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
or shortoption
.RS
.br
-.B "mount -B olddir newdir"
+.B mount -B
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
or fstab entry is:
.RS
.br
-.B "/olddir /newdir none bind"
+.I /olddir
+.I /newdir
+.B none bind
.RE
After this call the same contents is accessible in two places.
a second place using
.RS
.br
-.B "mount --rbind olddir newdir"
+.B mount --rbind
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
or shortoption
.RS
.br
-.B "mount -R olddir newdir"
+.B mount -R
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
.\" available since Linux 2.4.11.
to another place. The call is
.RS
.br
-.B "mount --move olddir newdir"
+.B mount --move
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
or shortoption
.RS
.br
-.B "mount -M olddir newdir"
+.B mount -M
+.I olddir newdir
.RE
.RE
.RS
.nf
-.B "mount --make-shared mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-slave mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-private mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-unbindable mountpoint"
+.BI "mount --make-shared " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-slave " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-private " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-unbindable " mountpoint
.fi
.RE
.RS
.nf
-.B "mount --make-rshared mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-rslave mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-rprivate mountpoint"
-.B "mount --make-runbindable mountpoint"
+.BI "mount --make-rshared " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-rslave " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-rprivate " mountpoint
+.BI "mount --make-runbindable " mountpoint
.fi
.RE
.RE
The command
.RS
.sp
-.BI "mount \-a [\-t " type "] [\-O " optlist ]
+.B mount \-a
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR type ]
+.RB [ \-O
+.IR optlist ]
.sp
.RE
(usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in
journal if the filesystem is dirty. To prevent this kind of write access, you
may want to mount ext3 or ext4 filesystem with "ro,noload" mount options or
set the block device to read-only mode, see command
-.BR blockdev (8)
-.
+.BR blockdev (8).
.TP
.B \-w
Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is
necessary. The nfs, nfs4, cifs, smbfs, and ncpfs
have a separate mount program. In order to make it possible to
treat all types in a uniform way, mount will execute the program
-.I /sbin/mount.TYPE
+.BI /sbin/mount. TYPE
(if that exists) when called with type
.IR TYPE .
Since various versions of the
-.I smbmount
+.B smbmount
program have different calling conventions,
-.I /sbin/mount.smbfs
+.B /sbin/mount.smbfs
may have to be a shell script that sets up the desired call.
If no
For example, the command:
.RS
+.RS
.B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext"
.RE
mounts all file systems except those of type
.I msdos
and
.IR ext .
+.RE
.TP
.B \-O
Used in conjunction with
.BR \-a .
For example, the command:
.RS
+.RS
.sp
.B "mount \-a \-O no_netdev"
.sp
.RE
mounts all ext2 filesystems with the _netdev option, not all filesystems
that are either ext2 or have the _netdev option specified.
+.RE
.TP
.B \-o
Options are specified with a
Mount the file system read-write.
.TP
.B sync
-All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. In case of media with limited number of write cycles
+All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. In case of media with limited number of write cycles
(e.g. some flash drives) "sync" may cause life-cycle shortening.
.TP
.B user
.BI bs= value
Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096.
.TP
-.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
+.BR grpquota | noquota | quota | usrquota
These options are accepted but ignored.
(However, quota utilities may react to such strings in
.IR /etc/fstab .)
.BI mode= value
Set the mode of newly created PTYs to the specified value.
The default is 0600.
-A value of
+A value of
.B mode=620
-and
+and
.B gid=5
makes "mesg y" the default on newly created PTYs.
.TP
is determined by the filesystem superblock. Set them with
.BR tune2fs (8).
.TP
-.BR acl " / " noacl
+.BR acl | noacl
Support POSIX Access Control Lists (or not).
.\" requires CONFIG_EXT2_FS_POSIX_ACL
.TP
-.BR bsddf " / " minixdf
+.BR bsddf | minixdf
Set the behaviour for the
.I statfs
system call. The
.IR /etc/fstab .)
.TP
-.BR check=none " / " nocheck
+.BR check= { none | nocheck }
No checking is done at mount time. This is the default. This is fast.
It is wise to invoke
.BR e2fsck (8)
.B debug
Print debugging info upon each (re)mount.
.TP
-.BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic
+.BR errors= { continue | remount-ro | panic }
Define the behaviour when an error is encountered.
(Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue,
or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.)
changed using
.BR tune2fs (8).
.TP
-.BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups
+.BR grpid | bsdgroups " and " nogrpid | sysvgroups
These options define what group id a newly created file gets.
When
.BR grpid
from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set
if it is a directory itself.
.TP
-.BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota
+.BR grpquota | noquota | quota | usrquota
These options are accepted but ignored.
.TP
.BR nobh
The block number here uses 1k units. Thus, if you want to use logical
block 32768 on a filesystem with 4k blocks, use "sb=131072".
.TP
-.BR user_xattr " / " nouser_xattr
+.BR user_xattr | nouser_xattr
Support "user." extended attributes (or not).
.\" requires CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR
.BR noload
Do not load the ext3 file system's journal on mounting.
.TP
-.BR data=journal " / " data=ordered " / " data=writeback
+.BR data= { journal | ordered | writeback }
Specifies the journalling mode for file data. Metadata is always journaled.
To use modes other than
.B ordered
This defaults to 3, which is a slightly higher priority than the default I/O
priority.
.TP
-.BR auto_da_alloc " / " noauto_da_alloc
+.BR auto_da_alloc | noauto_da_alloc
Many broken applications don't use fsync() when noauto_da_alloc
replacing existing files via patterns such as
.I vfat
filesystems.)
.TP
-.BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024 " / " blocksize=2048
+.BR blocksize= { 512 | 1024 | 2048 }
Set blocksize (default 512). This option is obsolete.
.TP
\fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP
Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen:
.RS
.TP
-.B r[elaxed]
+.BR r [ elaxed ]
Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are
truncated (e.g.
.I verylongname.foobar
.IR verylong.foo ),
leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension).
.TP
-.B n[ormal]
+.BR n [ ormal ]
Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are
rejected. This is the default.
.TP
-.B s[trict]
+.BR s [ trict ]
Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters
that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are
rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.)
Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters on FAT
and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437 is used.
.TP
-.BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto]
+.BR conv= {b [ inary ]| t [ ext ]| a [ uto ]}
The
.I fat
file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text
printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be
inconsistent).
.TP
-.BR fat=12 " / " fat=16 " / " fat=32
+.BR fat= {12 | 16 | 32 }
Specify a 12, 16 or 32 bit fat. This overrides
the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution!
.TP
case. If you are sure the "free clusters" on FSINFO is
correct, by this option you can avoid scanning disk.
.TP
-.B "dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]"
+.BR dots ", " nodots ", " dotsOK= [ yes | no ]
Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions
onto a FAT file system.
present). The default is the umask of the current process.
The value is given in octal.
.TP
-.BR case=lower " / " case=asis
+.BR case= { lower | asis }
Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them.
(Default:
.BR case=lower .)
.TP
-.BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto
+.BR conv= { binary | text | auto }
For
.BR conv=text ,
delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL)
Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Cf.\&
.BR map .
.TP
-.BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict]
+.BR check= { r [ elaxed ]| s [ trict ]}
With
.BR check=relaxed ,
a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup.
(Default:
.BR uid=0,gid=0 .)
.TP
-.BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff] " / " map=a[corn]
+.BR map= { n [ ormal ]| o [ ff ]| a [ corn ]}
For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper
to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'.
With
(If the ordinary files and the associated or hidden files have
the same filenames, this may make the ordinary files inaccessible.)
.TP
-.B block=[512|1024|2048]
+.BR block= { 512 | 1024 | 2048 }
Set the block size to the indicated value.
(Default:
.BR block=1024 .)
.TP
-.BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext]
+.BR conv= { a [ uto ]| b [ inary ]| m [ text ]| t [ ext ]}
(Default:
.BR conv=binary .)
Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore.
.B nointegrity
option was previously specified in order to restore normal behavior.
.TP
-.BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic
+.BR errors= { continue | remount-ro | panic }
Define the behaviour when an error is encountered.
(Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue,
or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.)
.TP
-.BR noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota " / " grpquota
+.BR noquota | quota | usrquota | grpquota
These options are accepted but ignored.
.SH "Mount options for minix"
.BR utf8
Use UTF-8 for converting file names.
.TP
-.B uni_xlate=[0|1|2]
+.BR uni_xlate= { 0 | 1 | 2 }
For 0 (or `no' or `false'), do not use escape sequences
for unknown Unicode characters.
For 1 (or `yes' or `true') or 2, use vfat-style 4-byte escape sequences
using the 3.6 format for newly created objects. This file system will no
longer be compatible with reiserfs 3.5 tools.
.TP
-.BR hash=rupasov " / " hash=tea " / " hash=r5 " / " hash=detect
+.BR hash= { rupasov | tea | r5 | detect }
Choose which hash function reiserfs will use to find files within directories.
.RS
.TP
A hash invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. It is fast and preserves locality,
mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values.
This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash
-collisions.
+collisions.
.TP
.B tea
A Davis-Meyer function implemented by Jeremy Fitzhardinge.
It uses hash permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness
and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at some CPU cost.
-This may be used if EHASHCOLLISION errors are experienced with the r5 hash.
+This may be used if EHASHCOLLISION errors are experienced with the r5 hash.
.TP
.B r5
A modified version of the rupasov hash. It is used by default and is
the best choice unless the file system has huge directories and
-unusual file-name patterns.
+unusual file-name patterns.
.TP
.B detect
Instructs
to detect which hash function is in use by examining
the file system being mounted, and to write this information into
the reiserfs superblock. This is only useful on the first mount of
-an old format file system.
+an old format file system.
.RE
.TP
.BR hashed_relocation
Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements
-in some situations.
+in some situations.
.TP
.BR no_unhashed_relocation
Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements
.BR notail
By default, reiserfs stores small files and `file tails' directly into its
tree. This confuses some utilities such as
-.BR LILO (8) .
-This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree.
+.BR LILO (8).
+This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree.
.TP
.BR replayonly
Replay the transactions which are in the journal, but do not actually
.B panic
If an error is encountered, cause a kernel panic.
.TP
-.B [lock|umount|repair]
+.RB [ lock | umount | repair ]
These mount options don't do anything at present;
when an error is encountered only a console message is printed.
.RE
with utf8=0, utf8=no or utf8=false. If `uni_xlate' gets set, UTF8 gets
disabled.
.TP
-.B shortname=[lower|win95|winnt|mixed]
+.BR shortname= { lower | win95 | winnt | mixed }
Defines the behaviour for creation and display of filenames which fit into
8.3 characters. If a long name for a file exists, it will always be
Display the short name as is; store a long name when the short name is not
all upper case.
.RE
-.TP
.SH "Mount options for usbfs"
Valid values for this option are page size (typically 4KiB)
through to 1GiB, inclusive, in power-of-2 increments.
.TP
-.BR attr2 " / " noattr2
+.BR attr2 | noattr2
The options enable/disable (default is disabled for backward
compatibility on-disk) an "opportunistic" improvement to be
made in the way inline extended attributes are stored on-disk.
.B mtpt
option.
.TP
-\fBgrpid\fP / \fBbsdgroups\fP and \fBnogrpid\fP / \fBsysvgroups\fP
+.BR grpid | bsdgroups " and " nogrpid | sysvgroups
These options define what group ID a newly created file gets.
When grpid is set, it takes the group ID of the directory in
which it is created; otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid
will be displayed in
.IR /proc/mounts .
.TP
-.BR ikeep " / " noikeep
+.BR ikeep | noikeep
When inode clusters are emptied of inodes, keep them around
on the disk (ikeep) - this is the traditional XFS behaviour
and is still the default for now. Using the noikeep option,
provided for backwards compatibility, but causes problems for
backup applications that cannot handle large inode numbers.
.TP
-.BR largeio " / " nolargeio
+.BR largeio | nolargeio
If
.B nolargeio
is specified, the optimal I/O reported in
.B osyncisosync
option.
.TP
-.BR uquota " / " usrquota " / " uqnoenforce " / " quota
+.BR uquota | usrquota | uqnoenforce | quota
User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to
.BR xfs_quota (8)
for further details.
.TP
-.BR gquota " / " grpquota " / " gqnoenforce
+.BR gquota | grpquota | gqnoenforce
Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to
.BR xfs_quota (8)
for further details.
.TP
-.BR pquota " / " prjquota " / " pqnoenforce
+.BR pquota | prjquota | pqnoenforce
Project disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
enforced. Refer to
.BR xfs_quota (8)
.B mount
will try to find some unused loop device and use that.
-Since Linux 2.6.25 is supported auto-destruction of loop devices and
+Since Linux 2.6.25 is supported auto-destruction of loop devices and
then any loop device allocated by
.B mount
will be freed by
.B umount
independently on
-.I /etc/mtab .
+.IR /etc/mtab .
You can also free a loop device by hand, using `losetup -d' or `umount -d`.
The syntax of external mount helpers is:
.RS
-.B "/sbin/mount.<suffix> spec dir [\-sfnv] [\-o options]
+.BI /sbin/mount. <suffix>
+.I spec dir
+.RB [ \-sfnv ]
+.RB [ \-o
+.IR options ]
.RE
where the <suffix> is filesystem type and \-sfnvo options have same meaning like
.I do
support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the
.B sync
-option).
+option).
.PP
The
.B "\-o remount"
projects / util-linux / commitdiff