</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>basic.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>default.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>emergency.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>graphical.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>halt.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>local-fs.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>multi-user.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>network.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>poweroff.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>reboot.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>rescue.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>rtc-set.target</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel1.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel6.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>shutdown.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>sockets.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>swap.target</filename></para>
<para><filename>syslog.target</filename></para>
- <para><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></para>
- <para><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></para>
- <para><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></para>
- <para><filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>, <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>, <filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Special System Units</title>
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ covering early boot-up.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Requires and After for this
+ target unit to all SysV
+ service units configured for
+ runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Wants and After for all
+ SysV service units configured
+ for runlevels that are not 0
+ to 6 to this target unit.
+ This covers the special
+ boot-up runlevels some
+ distributions have, such as S
+ or b.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever
+ Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
+ the console. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup can be
+ overriden with the
+ <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+ kernel command line option.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>emergency.service</filename></term>
<listitem>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a graphical
+ login screen. This pulls in
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for graphical login shall add
+ Wants dependencies for their
+ unit to this unit (or
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
+ during installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ halt the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
+ pressed on the console. This
+ is a good candidate to be
+ aliased (symlinked) to
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
After to all mount units that
- refer to local mount
- points. In addition, systemd
- adds dependencies of type
- Wants to those mounts listed
- in
+ refer to local mount points
+ for this target unit. In
+ addition, systemd adds
+ dependencies of type Wants to
+ this target unit for those
+ mounts listed in
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
that have the
<literal>auto</literal> and
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$local_fs</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a multi-user
+ system (non-graphical). This
+ is pulled in by
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for a multi-user system shall
+ add Wants dependencies to
+ this unit for their unit during
+ installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$network</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$named</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ power off the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ reboot the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Similar to <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for remote mount points.</para>
+ <para>Similar to
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ but for remote mount
+ points.</para>
+
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$remote-fs</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up the base system
+ and a rescue shell.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$rpcbind</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$time</literal>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel0.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 0. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel1.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 1. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 2. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 3. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 4. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 5. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel6.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 6. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Services that shall be
terminated on system shutdown
- shall add Wants dependencies
- from this unit to their
- service unit during
+ shall add Conflicts
+ dependencies to this unit for
+ their service unit during
installation.</para>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
Conflicts to this target unit
- for all SysV init scripts that
- shall be terminated in SysV
- runlevels 0 or 6.</para>
+ for all SysV init script
+ service units that shall be
+ terminated in SysV runlevels 0
+ or 6.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
started when systemd receives
the SIGPWR process signal,
which is normally sent by the
- kernel or UPS daemons when the
+ kernel or UPS daemons when
power fails.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<para>Services that can be
socket-activated shall add
- Wants dependencies from this
- unit to their socket unit
+ Wants dependencies to this
+ unit for their socket unit
during installation.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>systemd automatically
adds dependencies of type
- After to this target unit for
- all SysV init scripts with an
- LSB header referring to the
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
<literal>$syslog</literal>
facility.</para>
ensure that this target pulls
in a service unit with the
name or alias of
- <filename>@SPECIAL_SYSLOG_NAME@</filename> (or a
- socket unit that activates
- this service).</para>
+ <filename>@SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE@</filename>
+ (or a socket unit that
+ activates this
+ service).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></term>
<listitem>
- <para>This is used internally
+ <para>This is internally used
by systemd to provide syslog
- logging to started
- processes.</para>
+ logging to the processes it
+ maintains.</para>
<para>This is a
socket-activated service, see
<filename>system-logger.socket</filename>.</para>
<listitem>
<para>Socket activation unit
for
- <filename>system-logger.service</filename>.</para>
+ <filename>system-logger.service</filename>. systemd
+ will automatically add
+ dependencies of types Requires
+ and After to all units that
+ have been configured for
+ stdout or stderr to be
+ connected to syslog or the
+ kernel log buffer.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>When systemd runs as a service instance, the
following special units are available, which have
similar definitions as their system counterparts:
+ <filename>default.target</filename>,
<filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
<filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
<filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
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