---
The NAND and NOR support has been merged from the linux-mtd project.
- Any prolbems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more
+ Any problems, see http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ for more
information or up-to-date versions of linux-mtd.
at a time during a write batch. It is this characteristic that can make
the anticipatory scheduler perform anomalously with controllers supporting
TCQ, or with hardware striped RAID devices. Setting the antic_expire
-queue paramter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the anticipatory
-scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler.
+queue parameter (see below) to zero disables this behavior, and the
+anticipatory scheduler behaves essentially like the deadline scheduler.
When read anticipation is enabled (antic_expire is not zero), reads
are dispatched to the disk controller one at a time.
of ii. Just keeping issue order suffices. Ancient SCSI
controllers/drives and IDE drives are in this category.
-2. Forced flushing to physcial medium
+2. Forced flushing to physical medium
Again, if you're not gonna do synchronization with disk drives (dang,
it sounds even more appealing now!), the reason you use I/O barriers
If set to '1' then the frequency decreases as quickly as it increases,
if set to '2' it decreases at half the rate of the increase.
-ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1', when set
-to '0' (its default) then all processes are counted towards towards the
-'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1' then processes that are
+ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When
+set to '0' (its default), all processes are counted towards the
+'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1', the processes that are
run with a 'nice' value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the
-overal usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU
+overall usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU
intensive calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it
takes to complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part
in the deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency.
In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can
be downloaded. It is done as below
echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
-In the packet update mechanism, the user neesd to create a new file having
+In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having
packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows
The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and
places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
NOTE:
This driver requires a patch for firmware_class.c which has the modified
request_firmware_nowait function.
-Also after updating the BIOS image an user mdoe application neeeds to execute
-code which message the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
-the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates it self.
-Also don't unload the rbu drive if the image has to be updated.
+Also after updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute
+code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
+the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself.
+Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated.
116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
- Supports 16 boards, 15 paritions each.
+ Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board
This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
larger number space. No device nodes with this major
should ever be created on the filesystem.
- (This is probaly not true anymore, but I'll leave it
+ (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
for now /Torben)
---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
by circuitry on the card and is often presented uncompressed.
For a PAL TV signal encoded at a resolution of 768x576 24-bit
color pixels over 25 frames per second - a fair amount of data
- is generated and must be proceesed by the PC before it can be
+ is generated and must be processed by the PC before it can be
displayed on the video monitor screen. Some Analogue TV cards
- for PC's have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw
+ for PCs have onboard MPEG2 encoders which permit the raw
digital data stream to be presented to the PC in an encoded
and compressed form - similar to the form that is used in
Digital TV.
It's not a bug, it's a feature. Because the frontends have
significant power requirements (and hence get very hot), they
are powered down if they are unused (i.e. if the frontend device
- is closed). The dvb-core.o module paramter "dvb_shutdown_timeout"
+ is closed). The dvb-core.o module parameter "dvb_shutdown_timeout"
allow you to change the timeout (default 5 seconds). Setting the
timeout to 0 disables the timeout feature.
id_table : an array of NULL terminated EISA id strings,
followed by an empty string. Each string can
- optionnaly be paired with a driver-dependant value
+ optionally be paired with a driver-dependant value
(driver_data).
driver : a generic driver, such as described in
Kernel/Modules Options
- You can pass some otions to sstfb module, and via the kernel command
- line when the driver is compiled in :
+ You can pass some options to the sstfb module, and via the kernel
+ command line when the driver is compiled in:
for module : insmod sstfb.o option1=value1 option2=value2 ...
in kernel : video=sstfb:option1,option2:value2,option3 ...
details.
Original Author: Makoto Kato <m_kato@ga2.so-net.ne.jp>
-His orriginal code can still be found at:
+His original code can still be found at:
<http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA008030/bfs/>
Does anyone know of a more current email address for Makoto? He doesn't
respond to the address given above...
================
Be, Inc said, "BeOS Filesystem is officially called BFS, not BeFS".
But Unixware Boot Filesystem is called bfs, too. And they are already in
-the kernel. Because of this nameing conflict, on Linux the BeOS
+the kernel. Because of this naming conflict, on Linux the BeOS
filesystem is called befs.
HOW TO INSTALL
In ext2, there is a mechanism for reserving a certain number of blocks
for a particular user (normally the super-user). This is intended to
-allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-priveleged users
+allow for the system to continue functioning even if non-privileged users
fill up all the space available to them (this is independent of filesystem
quotas). It also keeps the filesystem from filling up entirely which
helps combat fragmentation.
EFAULT npc is not a valid pointer or status is neither NULL nor a valid
pointer.
- EINTR A signal occured while spu_run was in progress. The npc value
+ EINTR A signal occurred while spu_run was in progress. The npc value
has been updated to the new program counter value if necessary.
EINVAL fd is not a file descriptor returned from spu_create(2).
high-res timers.
- the unpredictable [O(N)] overhead of cascading leads to delays which
- necessiate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which
+ necessitate a more complex handling of high resolution timers, which
in turn decreases robustness. Such a design still led to rather large
timing inaccuracies. Cascading is a fundamental property of the timer
wheel concept, it cannot be 'designed out' without unevitably
There are two options specific to PSX driver portion. gamecon.psx_delay sets
the command delay when talking to the controllers. The default of 25 should
-work but you can try lowering it for better performace. If your pads don't
-respond try raising it untill they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the
+work but you can try lowering it for better performance. If your pads don't
+respond try raising it until they work. Setting the type to 8 allows the
driver to be used with Dance Dance Revolution or similar games. Arrow keys are
registered as key presses instead of X and Y axes.
The validator achieves perfect, mathematical 'closure' (proof of locking
correctness) in the sense that for every simple, standalone single-task
-locking sequence that occured at least once during the lifetime of the
+locking sequence that occurred at least once during the lifetime of the
kernel, the validator proves it with a 100% certainty that no
combination and timing of these locking sequences can cause any class of
lock related deadlock. [*]
This gives the role that the device has in the array. It will
either be 'none' if the device is not active in the array
(i.e. is a spare or has failed) or an integer less than the
- 'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which possition
+ 'raid_disks' number for the array indicating which position
it currently fills. This can only be set while assembling an
array. A device for which this is set is assumed to be working.
rdNN
-where 'NN' is the possition in the array, starting from 0.
+where 'NN' is the position in the array, starting from 0.
So for a 3 drive array there will be rd0, rd1, rd2.
These are symbolic links to the appropriate 'dev-XXX' entry.
Thus, for example,
0) Prepare an estimator attribute. Most likely this would be in user
space. The value of this TLV should contain a tc_estimator structure.
- As usual, such a TLV nees to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the
- length needs to be appropriately set etc. The estimator interval
+ As usual, such a TLV needs to be 32 bit aligned and therefore the
+ length needs to be appropriately set, etc. The estimator interval
and ewma log need to be converted to the appropriate values.
tc_estimator.c::tc_setup_estimator() is advisable to be used as the
conversion routine. It does a few clever things. It takes a time
All memory allocations are not freed until the socket is closed. The memory
allocations are done with GFP_KERNEL priority, this basically means that
the allocation can wait and swap other process' memory in order to allocate
-the nececessary memory, so normally limits can be reached.
+the necessary memory, so normally limits can be reached.
Other constraints
-------------------
1. Insert a line of the form :
options sk98lin ...
For "...", the same syntax is required as described for the command
- line paramaters of modprobe below.
+ line parameters of modprobe below.
2. To activate the new parameters, either reboot your computer
or
unload and reload the driver.
Values: 30...40000 (interrupts per second)
Default: 2000
-This parameter is only used, if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation
-is used on a network adapter card. Using this paramter if no moderation is
-applied, will lead to no action performed.
+This parameter is only used if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation
+is used on a network adapter card. Using this parameter if no moderation is
+applied will lead to no action performed.
This parameter determines the length of any interrupt moderation interval.
Assuming that static interrupt moderation is to be used, an 'IntsPerSec'
Eliminate some variables: try different cards, different
computers, different cables, different ports on the switch/hub,
- different versions of the kernel or ofthe driver, etc.
+ different versions of the kernel or of the driver, etc.
- OK, it's a driver problem.
You need to generate a report. Typically this is an email to the
maintainer and/or linux-net@vger.kernel.org. The maintainer's
- email address will be inthe driver source or in the MAINTAINERS file.
+ email address will be in the driver source or in the MAINTAINERS file.
- The contents of your report will vary a lot depending upon the
problem. If it's a kernel crash then you should refer to the
/usr/local/wanrouter/patches/kdrivers:
Sources of the latest WANPIPE device drivers.
These are used to UPGRADE the linux kernel to the newest
- version if the kernel source has already been pathced with
+ version if the kernel source has already been patched with
WANPIPE drivers.
/usr/local/wanrouter/samples:
2.2.X kernels only
o Secured the driver UDP debugging calls
- - All illegal netowrk debugging calls are reported to
+ - All illegal network debugging calls are reported to
the log.
- Defined a set of allowed commands, all other denied.
o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger
- A new utilty /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds
- to convey operatinal statistic information of the
+ to convey operational statistic information of the
Sangoma WANPIPE cards.
NUM_LOCK = Line State (On=connected, Off=disconnected)
CAPS_LOCK = Tx data (On=transmitting, Off=no tx data)
o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are
compatible with libpcap libraries. Meaning, tcpdump, snort,
ethereal, and all other packet sniffers and debuggers work on
- all WANPIPE netowrk interfaces.
+ all WANPIPE network interfaces.
- Set the network interface encoding type to ARPHRD_PPP.
This tell the sniffers that data obtained from the
network interface is in pure IP format.
still frozen when the device is being closed).
Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
-snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume
+snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume
partition, as storage space. However, this is not really required, as they
can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or a file on a partition
that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT and mounted afterwards.
that.
We either have to run video BIOS during early resume, or interpret it
-using vbetool later, or maybe nothing is neccessary on particular
+using vbetool later, or maybe nothing is necessary on particular
system because video state is preserved. Unfortunately different
methods work on different systems, and no known method suits all of
them.
prom_parse.c file of the recent kernels for your bus type.
The "reg" property only defines addresses and sizes (if #size-cells
-is
-non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward
+is non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward
(that is into parent bus addresses, and possibly into cpu physical
addresses), all busses must contain a "ranges" property. If the
"ranges" property is missing at a given level, it's assumed that
-translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" proprety for a
+translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" property for a
bus is a list of:
bus address, parent bus address, size
Overview:
---------
This is the code that gcc produces at the top & the bottom of
-each function, it usually is fairly consistent & similar from
-function to function & if you know its layout you can probalby
+each function. It usually is fairly consistent & similar from
+function to function & if you know its layout you can probably
make some headway in finding the ultimate cause of a problem
after a crash without a source level debugger.
IOP's can use one or more links ( known as channel paths ) to talk to each
IO device. It first checks for path availability & chooses an available one,
then starts ( & sometimes terminates IO ).
-There are two types of channel path ESCON & the Paralell IO interface.
+There are two types of channel path: ESCON & the Parallel IO interface.
IO devices are attached to control units, control units provide the
logic to interface the channel paths & channel path IO protocols to
The 390 IO systems come in 2 flavours the current 390 machines support both
-The Older 360 & 370 Interface,sometimes called the paralell I/O interface,
+The Older 360 & 370 Interface,sometimes called the Parallel I/O interface,
sometimes called Bus-and Tag & sometimes Original Equipment Manufacturers
Interface (OEMI).
-This byte wide paralell channel path/bus has parity & data on the "Bus" cable
+This byte wide Parallel channel path/bus has parity & data on the "Bus" cable
& control lines on the "Tag" cable. These can operate in byte multiplex mode for
sharing between several slow devices or burst mode & monopolize the channel for the
whole burst. Upto 256 devices can be addressed on one of these cables. These cables are
DASD's direct access storage devices ( otherwise known as hard disks ).
Tape Drives.
CTC ( Channel to Channel Adapters ),
-ESCON or Paralell Cables used as a very high speed serial link
+ESCON or Parallel Cables used as a very high speed serial link
between 2 machines. We use 2 cables under linux to do a bi-directional serial link.
OSA 7C14 ON OSA 7C14 SUBCHANNEL = 0002
OSA 7C15 ON OSA 7C15 SUBCHANNEL = 0003
-If you have a guest with certain priviliges you may be able to see devices
-which don't belong to you to avoid this do add the option V.
+If you have a guest with certain privileges you may be able to see devices
+which don't belong to you. To avoid this, add the option V.
e.g.
Q V OSA
The function is meant to be called with an irq handler in place; that is,
at earliest during set_online() processing.
-While the request is procesed synchronously, the device interrupt
+While the request is processed synchronously, the device interrupt
handler is called for final ending status. In case of error situations the
interrupt handler may recover appropriately. The device irq handler can
recognize the corresponding interrupts by the interruption parameter be
-0x00524443.The ccw_device must not be locked prior to calling read_dev_chars().
+0x00524443. The ccw_device must not be locked prior to calling read_dev_chars().
The function may be called enabled or disabled.
-> when the sha1 algorithm is requested through the crypto API
(which has a module autoloader) the z990 module will be loaded.
-TBD: a userspace module probin mechanism
+TBD: a userspace module probing mechanism
something like 'probe sha1 sha1_z990 sha1' in modprobe.conf
- -> try module sha1_z990, if it fails to load load standard module sha1
+ -> try module sha1_z990, if it fails to load standard module sha1
the 'probe' statement is currently not supported in modprobe.conf
It is also possible to deactivate the debug feature globally for every
debug log. You can change the behavior using 2 sysctl parameters in
/proc/sys/s390dbf:
-There are currently 2 possible triggers, which stop the debug feature
-globally. The first possbility is to use the "debug_active" sysctl. If
+There are currently 2 possible triggers, which stop the debug feature
+globally. The first possibility is to use the "debug_active" sysctl. If
set to 1 the debug feature is running. If "debug_active" is set to 0 the
debug feature is turned off.
The second trigger which stops the debug feature is an kernel oops.
...
$ make
-[5] Copy nsp_cs.o to suitable plase, like /lib/modules/<Kernel version>/pcmcia/ .
+[5] Copy nsp_cs.ko to suitable place, like /lib/modules/<Kernel version>/pcmcia/ .
[6] Add these lines to /etc/pcmcia/config .
- If you yse pcmcia-cs-3.1.8 or later, we can use "nsp_cs.conf" file.
+ If you use pcmcia-cs-3.1.8 or later, we can use "nsp_cs.conf" file.
So, you don't need to edit file. Just copy to /etc/pcmcia/ .
-------------------------------------
- Add support for scsi_report_device_reset() found in
2.5.X kernels.
- Add 7901B support.
- - Simplify handling of the packtized lun Rev A workaround.
+ - Simplify handling of the packetized lun Rev A workaround.
- Correct and simplify handling of the ignore wide residue
message. The previous code would fail to report a residual
if the transaction data length was even and we received
----------
The driver uses the settings from the EEPROM set in the SCSI BIOS
setup. If there is no EEPROM, the driver uses default values.
-Both can be overriden by command line parameters (module or kernel
+Both can be overridden by command line parameters (module or kernel
parameters).
The following parameters are available:
Q: "Reset SCSI-devices at boottime" halts the system at boottime, why?
A: This is only tested with the IBM SCSI Adapter w/cache. It is not
- yet prooved to run on other adapters, however you may be lucky.
+ yet proven to run on other adapters, however you may be lucky.
In version 3.1d this has been hugely improved and should work better,
now. Normally you really won't need to activate this flag in the
kernel configuration, as all post 1989 SCSI-devices should accept
A boot setup command for the ncr53c8xx (sym53c8xx) driver begins with the
driver name "ncr53c8xx="(sym53c8xx). The kernel syntax parser then expects
-an optionnal list of integers separated with comma followed by an optional
-list of comma-separated strings. Example of boot setup command under lilo
+an optional list of integers separated with comma followed by an optional
+list of comma-separated strings. Example of boot setup command under lilo
prompt:
lilo: linux root=/dev/hda2 ncr53c8xx=tags:4,sync:10,debug:0x200
ncr53c8xx=safe:y,mpar:y
ncr53c8xx=safe:y
-My personnal system works flawlessly with the following equivalent setup:
+My personal system works flawlessly with the following equivalent setup:
ncr53c8xx=mpar:y,spar:y,disc:y,specf:1,fsn:n,ultra:2,fsn:n,revprob:n,verb:1\
tags:32,sync:12,debug:0,burst:7,led:1,wide:1,settle:2,diff:0,irqm:0
media transport - this one shuffles around the media, i.e. the
transport arm. Also known as "picker".
storage - a slot which can hold a media.
- import/export - the same as above, but is accessable from outside,
+ import/export - the same as above, but is accessible from outside,
i.e. there the operator (you !) can use this to
fill in and remove media from the changer.
Sometimes named "mailslot".
% aplay -Dsurround51 sixchannels.wav
-For programmin the 4/6 channel playback, you need to specify the PCM
+For programming the 4/6 channel playback, you need to specify the PCM
channels as you like and set the format S16LE. For example, for playback
with 4 channels,
used members of this structure, and their typical usage,
will be detailed below.
- Here is a piece of skeleton code for perofming a device
-probe in an SBUS driverunder Linux:
+ Here is a piece of skeleton code for performing a device
+probe in an SBUS driver under Linux:
static int __devinit mydevice_probe_one(struct sbus_dev *sdev)
{
there are multiple COWs associated with a backing file, a -d merge of
one of them will invalidate all of the others. However, it is
convenient if you're short of disk space, and it should also be
- noticably faster than a non-destructive merge.
+ noticeably faster than a non-destructive merge.
work under SMP with the uhci driver.
The driver is generally working, though we still have a few more ioctls
- to implement and final testing and debugging to do. The paralled port
+ to implement and final testing and debugging to do. The parallel port
on the USB 2 is supported as a serial to parallel converter; in other
words, it appears as another USB serial port on Linux, even though
physically it is really a parallel port. The Digi Acceleport USB 8
Param[1]
Unknown, but leaving this to 0 seems to work best. Indications are that
this might have to do with USB support, although passing anything but 0
- onl breaks things.
+ only breaks things.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Supported devices
6. Module dependencies
7. Module loading
-8. Module paramaters
+8. Module parameters
9. Contact information
10. Credits
projects / linux-2.6 / commitdiff