int pci_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
-The query for consistent allocations is performed via a a call to
+The query for consistent allocations is performed via a call to
pci_set_consistent_dma_mask():
int pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *pdev, u64 device_mask);
<listitem>
<para>
When it's known that HBA is in ready state but ATA/ATAPI
- device in in unknown state, reset only device.
+ device is in unknown state, reset only device.
</para>
</listitem>
<title>Synchronous I/O Support</title>
<para>Synchronous requests involve the kernel blocking
- until until the user mode request completes, either by
+ until the user mode request completes, either by
finishing successfully or by reporting an error.
In most cases this is the simplest way to use usbfs,
although as noted above it does prevent performing I/O
Either way, the differences are quite small. Read-side locking moves
to rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock, update-side locking moves from
-from a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
+a reader-writer lock to a simple spinlock, and a synchronize_rcu()
precedes the kfree().
However, there is one potential catch: the read-side and update-side
Sets two variables that limit the size of the request.
- The request queue's max_sectors, which is a soft size in
- in units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied
+ units of 512 byte sectors, and could be dynamically varied
by the core kernel.
- The request queue's max_hw_sectors, which is a hard limit
The PCI bus layer freely accesses the fields of struct device. It knows about
the structure of struct pci_dev, and it should know the structure of struct
-device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted the the current
+device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted to the current
driver model generally do not and should not touch the fields of struct device,
unless there is a strong compelling reason to do so.
function (which has since been replaced by access_ok()).
This function verified that the memory area starting at address
-addr and of size size was accessible for the operation specified
+'addr' and of size 'size' was accessible for the operation specified
in type (read or write). To do this, verify_read had to look up the
virtual memory area (vma) that contained the address addr. In the
normal case (correctly working program), this test was successful.
unloaded if it is still bound to the console layer. (See
Documentation/console/console.txt for more information).
-This is more complicated in the case of the the framebuffer console (fbcon),
+This is more complicated in the case of the framebuffer console (fbcon),
because fbcon is an intermediate layer between the console and the drivers:
console ---> fbcon ---> fbdev drivers ---> hardware
Consider the object blocking the cross-directory rename. One
of its descendents is locked by cross-directory rename (otherwise we
-would again have an infinite set of of contended objects). But that
+would again have an infinite set of contended objects). But that
means that cross-directory rename is taking locks out of order. Due
to (2) the order hadn't changed since we had acquired filesystem lock.
But locking rules for cross-directory rename guarantee that we do not
2. Reading of the fdtable as described above must be protected
by rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock().
-3. For any update to the the fd table, files->file_lock must
+3. For any update to the fd table, files->file_lock must
be held.
4. To look up the file structure given an fd, a reader
/wbox
- The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only can can be written
+ The CPU to SPU communation mailbox. It is write-only and can be written
in units of 32 bits. If the mailbox is full, write() will block and
poll can be used to wait for it becoming empty again. The possible
operations on an open wbox file are: write(2) If a count smaller than
nr_blocks: The same as size, but in blocks of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE.
nr_inodes: The maximum number of inodes for this instance. The default
is half of the number of your physical RAM pages, or (on a
- a machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages,
+ machine with highmem) the number of lowmem RAM pages,
whichever is the lower.
These parameters accept a suffix k, m or g for kilo, mega and giga and
you should consider the following option instead.
utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
- is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the
+ is used by the console. It can be enabled for the
filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
UTF-8 gets disabled.
put_link: called by the VFS to release resources allocated by
follow_link(). The cookie returned by follow_link() is passed
- to to this method as the last parameter. It is used by
+ to this method as the last parameter. It is used by
filesystems such as NFS where page cache is not stable
(i.e. page that was installed when the symbolic link walk
started might not be in the page cache at the end of the
(*) __debug_mmu.iamr[]
(*) __debug_mmu.damr[]
- These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with with the _amr
+ These receive the current IAMR and DAMR contents. These can be viewed with the _amr
GDB macro:
(gdb) _amr
Because we wanted to minimize the impact on existing user-level apps using
the CMOS clock, we decided to expose an API that was very similar to the one
used today with the legacy RTC driver (driver/char/rtc.c). However, because
-EFI provides a simpler services, not all all ioctl() are available. Also
+EFI provides a simpler services, not all ioctl() are available. Also
new ioctl()s have been introduced for things that EFI provides but not the
legacy.
---
The complicated ia64 MCA process. All of this is mandated by Intel's
-specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and and unwind, it is not as
+specification for ia64 SAL, error recovery and unwind, it is not as
if we have a choice here.
* MCA occurs on one cpu, usually due to a double bit memory error.
INIT is less complicated than MCA. Pressing the nmi button or using
the equivalent command on the management console sends INIT to all
-cpus. SAL picks one one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are
+cpus. SAL picks one of the cpus as the monarch and the rest are
slaves. All the OS INIT handlers are entered at approximately the same
time. The OS monarch prints the state of all tasks and returns, after
which the slaves return and the system resumes.
API is still evolving, but should be useable now. It's described in
section 5.
- This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse mouse
+ This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse
events. It allows for multihead in X without any specific multihead
kernel support. The event codes are the same on all architectures and
are hardware independent.
If the HL-driver receives ISDN_CMD_FAXCMD, all needed information
is in this struct set by the LL.
To signal information to the LL, the HL-driver has to set the
- the parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND.
+ parameters and use ISDN_STAT_FAXIND.
(Please refer to INTERFACE)
Structure T30_s:
$Id: README.hysdn,v 1.3.6.1 2001/02/10 14:41:19 kai Exp $
The hysdn driver has been written by
-by Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de)
+Werner Cornelius (werner@isdn4linux.de or werner@titro.de)
for Hypercope GmbH Aachen Germany. Hypercope agreed to publish this driver
under the GNU General Public License.
is called inside interrupt context or die() is called and panic_on_oops is set,
the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
-On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
+On powererpc systems when a soft-reset is generated, die() is called by all cpus and the system will boot into the dump-capture kernel.
For testing purposes, you can trigger a crash by using "ALT-SysRq-c",
"echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger or write a module to force the panic.
Note that this setting is inherited across fork/exec.
- [1] The default default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise
+ [1] The default is: the thread keyring if there is one, otherwise
the process keyring if there is one, otherwise the session keyring if
there is one, otherwise the user default session keyring.
The first 3 parameters of this sub-option should be obvious: <xres>,
<yres> and <depth> give the dimensions of the screen and the number of
-planes (depth). The depth is is the logarithm to base 2 of the number
+planes (depth). The depth is the logarithm to base 2 of the number
of colors possible. (Or, the other way round: The number of colors is
2^depth).
In the above example, CPU 2 perceives that B is 7, despite the load of *C
-(which would be B) coming after the the LOAD of C.
+(which would be B) coming after the LOAD of C.
If, however, a data dependency barrier were to be placed between the load of C
and the load of *C (ie: B) on CPU 2:
files located in /sys/class/net/<bond name>/bonding
The names of these files correspond directly with the command-
-line parameters described elsewhere in in this file, and, with the
+line parameters described elsewhere in this file, and, with the
exception of arp_ip_target, they accept the same values. To see the
current setting, simply cat the appropriate file.
software-update notification.
Cirrus Logic maintains a web page at http://www.cirrus.com with the
-the latest drivers and technical publications.
+latest drivers and technical publications.
6.4 Current maintainer
address of the node in order for it to be autoconfigured (and then appear in
/proc/net/decnet_dev). There is a utility available at the above
FTP sites called dn2ethaddr which can compute the correct ethernet
-address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before at
+address to use. The address can be set by ifconfig either before or
at the time the device is brought up. If you are using RedHat you can
add the line:
As an example, if you install the e1000 driver for two PRO/1000 adapters
(eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add
- the following to modules.conf or or modprobe.conf:
+ the following to modules.conf or modprobe.conf:
alias eth0 e1000
alias eth1 e1000
#setpci -d 17d5:* LATENCY_TIMER=f8
For detailed description of the PCI registers, please see Xframe User Guide.
b. Use 2-buffer mode. This results in large performance boost on
-on certain platforms(eg. SGI Altix, IBM xSeries).
+certain platforms(eg. SGI Altix, IBM xSeries).
c. Ensure Receive Checksum offload is enabled. Use "ethtool -K ethX" command to
set/verify this option.
d. Enable NAPI feature(in kernel configuration Device Drivers ---> Network
www.syskonnect.com
Some COMPAQ machines have problems dealing with PCI under Linux.
- Linux. This problem is described in the 'PCI howto' document
+ This problem is described in the 'PCI howto' document
(included in some distributions or available from the
web, e.g. at 'www.linux.org').
>>> a value of 0xff on read, and writes will be dropped. If the device
>>> driver attempts more than 10K I/O's to a frozen adapter, it will
>>> assume that the device driver has gone into an infinite loop, and
->>> it will panic the the kernel. There doesn't seem to be any other
+>>> it will panic the kernel. There doesn't seem to be any other
>>> way of stopping a device driver that insists on spinning on I/O.
STEP 2: MMIO Enabled
be very carefull).
-Q: What is the difference between between "platform", "shutdown" and
+Q: What is the difference between "platform", "shutdown" and
"firmware" in /sys/power/disk?
A:
heap-and-size indexed overflow-sub-trees using prio_tree->index_bits.
Instead the overflow sub-trees are indexed using full BITS_PER_LONG bits
of size_index. This may lead to skewed sub-trees because most of the
-higher significant bits of the size_index are likely to be be 0 (zero). In
+higher significant bits of the size_index are likely to be 0 (zero). In
the example above, all 3 overflow-sub-trees are skewed. This may marginally
affect the performance. However, processes rarely map many vmas with the
same start_vm_pgoff but different end_vm_pgoffs. Therefore, we normally
structure
void cache_put(struct kref *)
This is called when the last reference to an item is
- is dropped. The pointer passed is to the 'ref' field
+ dropped. The pointer passed is to the 'ref' field
in the cache_head. cache_put should release any
references create by 'cache_init' and, if CACHE_VALID
is set, any references created by cache_update.
-----
Addresses & values in the VM debugger are always hex never decimal
Address ranges are of the format <HexValue1>-<HexValue2> or <HexValue1>.<HexValue2>
-e.g. The address range 0x2000 to 0x3000 can be described described as
-2000-3000 or 2000.1000
+e.g. The address range 0x2000 to 0x3000 can be described as 2000-3000 or 2000.1000
The VM Debugger is case insensitive.
To find out how many cpus you have
Q CPUS displays all the CPU's available to your virtual machine
To find the cpu that the current cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do
-Q CPU to change the current cpu cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do
+Q CPU to change the current cpu VM debugger commands are being directed at do
CPU <desired cpu no>
On a SMP guest issue a command to all CPUs try prefixing the command with cpu all.
kill -SIGSEGV <gdb's pid>
or alternatively use killall -SIGSEGV gdb if you have the killall command.
Now look at the core dump.
-./gdb ./gdb core
+./gdb core
Displays the following
GNU gdb 4.18
Copyright 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
additional files, Kerntypes which is built using a patch to the
linux kernel sources in the linux root directory & the System.map.
-Kerntypes is an an objectfile whose sole purpose in life
+Kerntypes is an objectfile whose sole purpose in life
is to provide stabs debug info to lcrash, to do this
Kerntypes is built from kerntypes.c which just includes the most commonly
referenced header files used when debugging, lcrash can then read the
It is also possible to define other views. The content of
a view can be inspected simply by reading the corresponding debugfs file.
-All debug logs have an an actual debug level (range from 0 to 6).
+All debug logs have an actual debug level (range from 0 to 6).
The default level is 3. Event and Exception functions have a 'level'
parameter. Only debug entries with a level that is lower or equal
than the actual level are written to the log. This means, when
the view (e.g. like with 'echo "0" > /sys/kernel/debug/s390dbf/dasd/level).
For header_proc there can be used the default function
-debug_dflt_header_fn() which is defined in in debug.h.
+debug_dflt_header_fn() which is defined in debug.h.
and which produces the same header output as the predefined views.
E.g:
00 00964419409:440761 2 - 00 88023ec
* sr.c(sr_open): Do not allow opens with write access.
-Mon Jul 18 09:51:22 1994 1994 Eric Youngdale (eric@esp22)
+Mon Jul 18 09:51:22 1994 Eric Youngdale (eric@esp22)
* Linux 1.1.31 released.
If the driver is compiled into the kernel, the same parameters can be
also set using, e.g., the LILO command line. The preferred syntax is
-is to use the same keyword used when loading as module but prepended
+to use the same keyword used when loading as module but prepended
with 'st.'. For instance, to set the maximum number of scatter/gather
segments, the parameter 'st.max_sg_segs=xx' should be used (xx is the
number of scatter/gather segments).
<chapter id="power-management">
<title>Power Management</title>
<para>
- If the chip is supposed to work with with suspend/resume
+ If the chip is supposed to work with suspend/resume
functions, you need to add the power-management codes to the
driver. The additional codes for the power-management should be
<function>ifdef</function>'ed with
install awe_wave /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i awe_wave && /usr/local/bin/sfxload PATH_TO_SOUND_BANK_FILE
You will of course have to change "PATH_TO_SOUND_BANK_FILE" to the full
- path of of the sound bank file. That will enable the Sound Blaster and AWE
+ path of the sound bank file. That will enable the Sound Blaster and AWE
wave synthesis. To play midi files you should get one of these programs if
you don't already have them:
The chip behaves differently than described in the data sheet,
likely due to a chip bug. Working around this would require
the help of ESS (for example by publishing an errata sheet),
-but ESS has not done so so far.
+but ESS has not done so far.
Also, the chip only supports 24 bit addresses for recording,
which means it cannot work on some Alpha mainboards.
no_wave_dma option
This option defaults to a value of 0, which allows the Ultrasound wavetable
-DSP to use DMA for for playback and downloading samples. This is the same
+DSP to use DMA for playback and downloading samples. This is the same
as the old behaviour. If set to 1, no DMA is needed for downloading samples,
and allows owners of a GUS MAX to make use of simultaneous digital audio
(/dev/dsp), MIDI, and wavetable playback.
The Visual Workstation has an Analog Devices AD1843 "SoundComm" audio
codec chip. The AD1843 is accessed through the Cobalt I/O ASIC, also
-known as Lithium. This driver programs both both chips.
+known as Lithium. This driver programs both chips.
==============================================================================
QUICK CONFIGURATION
The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout_microsecs" fields is used to efficiently handle
trailing bytes in the SSP receiver fifo. The correct value for this field is
dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific
-slave device. Please note the the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
+slave device. Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.
The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
into internal loopback mode. In this mode the SSP controller internally
-connects the SSPTX pin the the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup
+connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup
testing.
The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
-----------------------
The pxa2xx_spi driver support both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
transfers. The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must enabled by
-setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure and and
+setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_master" structure and
ensuring that the "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is non-zero. The DMA
mode support both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.
Developer boards often play by different rules than product boards, and one
example is the potential need to hotplug SPI devices and/or controllers.
-For those cases you might need to use use spi_busnum_to_master() to look
+For those cases you might need to use spi_busnum_to_master() to look
up the spi bus master, and will likely need spi_new_device() to provide the
board info based on the board that was hotplugged. Of course, you'd later
call at least spi_unregister_device() when that board is removed.
the SPI device using "struct spi_message". When remove() returns,
the driver guarantees that it won't submit any more such messages.
- - An spi_message is a sequence of of protocol operations, executed
+ - An spi_message is a sequence of protocol operations, executed
as one atomic sequence. SPI driver controls include:
+ when bidirectional reads and writes start ... by how its
a pointer to it.
7.4) Appropriately modify architecture specific code to register the
- the new system call.
+ new system call.
8) Test Specification
---------------------
hardware problems such as bad devices (including firmware) or cables.
(**) This is also one of several codes that different kinds of host
-controller use to to indicate a transfer has failed because of device
+controller use to indicate a transfer has failed because of device
disconnect. In the interval before the hub driver starts disconnect
processing, devices may receive such fault reports for every request.
HIDIOCGDEVINFO - struct hiddev_devinfo (read)
Gets a hiddev_devinfo structure which describes the device.
-HIDIOCGSTRING - struct struct hiddev_string_descriptor (read/write)
+HIDIOCGSTRING - struct hiddev_string_descriptor (read/write)
Gets a string descriptor from the device. The caller must fill in the
"index" field to indicate which descriptor should be returned.
-Cypress HID->COM RS232 adapter
Note: Cypress Semiconductor claims no affiliation with the
- the hid->com device.
+ hid->com device.
Most devices using chipsets under the CY4601 family should
work with the driver. As long as they stay true to the CY4601
debug - extra verbose debugging info
(default: 0; nonzero enables)
use_lowlatency - use low_latency flag to speed up tty layer
- when reading from from the device.
+ when reading from the device.
(default: 0; nonzero enables)
See http://www.uuhaus.de/linux/palmconnect.html for up-to-date
pvrusb2-i2c-core.[ch] - This module provides an implementation of a
kernel-friendly I2C adaptor driver, through which other external
I2C client drivers (e.g. msp3400, tuner, lirc) may connect and
- operate corresponding chips within the the pvrusb2 device. It is
+ operate corresponding chips within the pvrusb2 device. It is
through here that other V4L modules can reach into this driver to
operate specific pieces (and those modules are in turn driven by
glue logic which is coordinated by pvrusb2-hdw, doled out by
The CCIR defines parameters needed for broadcasting the signal.
The CCIR has defined different standards: A,B,D,E,F,G,D,H,I,K,K1,L,M,N,...
-The CCIR says not much about about the colorsystem used !!!
+The CCIR says not much about the colorsystem used !!!
And talking about a colorsystem says not to much about how it is broadcast.
The CCIR standards A,E,F are not used any more.
encapsulating all the pieces of information into a bootmem_data_t
structure. Node specific calls have been added to the allocator.
In theory, any platform which uses the bootmem allocator should
-be able to to put the bootmem and mem_map data structures anywhere
+be able to put the bootmem and mem_map data structures anywhere
it deems best.
Each node's page allocation data structures have also been encapsulated
projects / linux-2.6 / commitdiff