modified to accomplish a direct page -> bus translation, without requiring
a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address
-> bus translation). So this works uniformly for high-memory pages (which
-do not have a correponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
+do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
low-memory pages.
Note: Please refer to DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion on PCI high mem DMA
i. Binary tree
AS and deadline i/o schedulers use red black binary trees for disk position
sorting and searching, and a fifo linked list for time-based searching. This
-gives good scalability and good availablility of information. Requests are
+gives good scalability and good availability of information. Requests are
almost always dispatched in disk sort order, so a cache is kept of the next
request in sort order to prevent binary tree lookups.
-The cpufreq-nforce2 driver changes the FSB on nVidia nForce2 plattforms.
+The cpufreq-nforce2 driver changes the FSB on nVidia nForce2 platforms.
-This works better than on other plattforms, because the FSB of the CPU
+This works better than on other platforms, because the FSB of the CPU
can be controlled independently from the PCI/AGP clock.
The module has two options:
ia64 and x86_64 use the number of disabled local apics in ACPI tables MADT
to determine the number of potentially hot-pluggable cpus. The implementation
-should only rely on this to count the #of cpus, but *MUST* not rely on the
-apicid values in those tables for disabled apics. In the event BIOS doesnt
+should only rely on this to count the # of cpus, but *MUST* not rely on the
+apicid values in those tables for disabled apics. In the event BIOS doesn't
mark such hot-pluggable cpus as disabled entries, one could use this
parameter "additional_cpus=x" to represent those cpus in the cpu_possible_map.
7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write
8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen.
9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen.
- 10 = /dev/aio Asyncronous I/O notification interface
+ 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface
11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's
1 block RAM disk
0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk
55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor
0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001
- 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eigth controller
+ 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk
8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk
...
1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1
...
- 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eigth controller
+ 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk
16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk
...
1 = /dev/av1 Second A/V card
...
-111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eigth controller
+111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk
16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
...
describing the relationship the device has to other entities.
-- Embedd a struct device in the bus-specific device type.
+- Embed a struct device in the bus-specific device type.
struct pci_dev {
- Major bug fixes for reading files and volumes in corner cases which
were being hit by Windows 2k/XP users.
2.1.2:
- - Major bug fixes aleviating the hangs in statfs experienced by some
+ - Major bug fixes alleviating the hangs in statfs experienced by some
users.
2.1.1:
- Update handling of compressed files so people no longer get the
Then build as usual, download to the board and execute. Note that if
"Immediate activation" was selected, then the kernel will wait for GDB to
attach. If not, then the kernel will boot immediately and GDB will have to
-interupt it or wait for an exception to occur if before doing anything with
+interrupt it or wait for an exception to occur before doing anything with
the kernel.
almost completely self-contained. The only external code used is the
sprintf family of functions.
-Futhermore, break.S is so complicated because single-step mode does not
+Furthermore, break.S is so complicated because single-step mode does not
switch off on entry to an exception. That means unless manually disabled,
single-stepping will blithely go on stepping into things like interrupts.
See gdbstub.txt for more information.
| 1 | M0HQ | JOY0DAT Horizontal Clock (quadrature) |
| 2 | M0V | JOY0DAT Vertical Clock |
| 3 | M0VQ | JOY0DAT Vertical Clock (quadrature) |
- | 4 | M1V | JOY1DAT Horizontall Clock |
- | 5 | M1VQ | JOY1DAT Horizontall Clock (quadrature) |
+ | 4 | M1V | JOY1DAT Horizontal Clock |
+ | 5 | M1VQ | JOY1DAT Horizontal Clock (quadrature) |
| 6 | M1V | JOY1DAT Vertical Clock |
| 7 | M1VQ | JOY1DAT Vertical Clock (quadrature) |
+--------+----------+-----------------------------------------+
9.7 SET MOUSE SCALE
0x0C
- X ; horizontal mouse ticks per internel X
- Y ; vertical mouse ticks per internel Y
+ X ; horizontal mouse ticks per internal X
+ Y ; vertical mouse ticks per internal Y
This command sets the scale factor for the ABSOLUTE MOUSE POSITIONING mode.
In this mode, the specified number of mouse phase changes ('clicks') must
0x0F
This command makes the origin of the Y axis to be at the bottom of the
-logical coordinate system internel to the ikbd for all relative or absolute
+logical coordinate system internal to the ikbd for all relative or absolute
mouse motion. This causes mouse motion toward the user to be negative in sign
and away from the user to be positive.
10. SCAN CODES
-The key scan codes return by the ikbd are chosen to simplify the
-implementaion of GSX.
+The key scan codes returned by the ikbd are chosen to simplify the
+implementation of GSX.
GSX Standard Keyboard Mapping.
888888888888
Linux Rocks!
-Writing to /sys/../lineX will set the coresponding LCD line.
+Writing to /sys/../lineX will set the corresponding LCD line.
- Excess characters are ignored.
- If less characters are written than allowed, the remaining digits are
unchanged.
be included in a library, lib.a.
All objects listed with lib-y are combined in a single
library for that directory.
- Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionaly listed in
- lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will anyway
- be accessible.
+ Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionally listed in
+ lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will
+ be accessible anyway.
For consistency, objects listed in lib-m will be included in lib.a.
Note that the same kbuild makefile may list files to be built-in
Host programs can be made up based on composite objects.
The syntax used to define composite objects for host programs is
similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
- $(<executeable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
+ $(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
executable.
Example:
In this example, there are two possible targets, requiring different
options to the linker. The linker options are specified using the
LDFLAGS_$@ syntax - one for each potential target.
- $(targets) are assinged all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
+ $(targets) are assigned all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
the targets and will:
1) check for commandline changes
2) delete target during make clean
R Revoked
D Dead
Q Contributes to user's quota
- U Under contruction by callback to userspace
+ U Under construction by callback to userspace
N Negative key
This file must be enabled at kernel configuration time as it allows anyone
MAX_AGE:
Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
--------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
#MAX_AGE=600
# set defaults instead:
# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
* 1. it can race with disabling irqs in irq handler (which are done to
* schedule polls)
* 2. it can race with dis/enabling irqs in other poll threads
- * 3. if an irq raised after the begining of the outer beginning
- * loop(marked in the code above), it will be immediately
+ * 3. if an irq raised after the beginning of the outer beginning
+ * loop (marked in the code above), it will be immediately
* triggered here.
*
- * Summarizing: the logic may results in some redundant irqs both
+ * Summarizing: the logic may result in some redundant irqs both
* due to races in masking and due to too late acking of already
* processed irqs. The good news: no events are ever lost.
*/
12 Mouse (PS/2)
Memory Address Device 13 Math Coprocessor
-------------- --------------------- 14 Hard Disk controller
-A000-BFFF EGA Graphics Adpater
-A000-C7FF VGA Graphics Adpater
+A000-BFFF EGA Graphics Adapter
+A000-C7FF VGA Graphics Adapter
B000-BFFF Mono Graphics Adapter
B800-BFFF Color Graphics Adapter
E000-FFFF AT BIOS
-------------------
If you check the source code you will see that what I draw here as a frame
-is not only the link level frame. At the begining of each frame there is a
+is not only the link level frame. At the beginning of each frame there is a
header called struct tpacket_hdr used in PACKET_MMAP to hold link level's frame
meta information like timestamp. So what we draw here a frame it's really
the following (from include/linux/if_packet.h):
Result: OK: 13101142(c12220741+d880401) usec, 10000000 (60byte,0frags)
763292pps 390Mb/sec (390805504bps) errors: 39664
-Confguring threads and devices
-==============================
+Configuring threads and devices
+================================
This is done via the /proc interface easiest done via pgset in the scripts
Examples:
o Cpipemon
- Added set FT1 commands to the cpipemon. Thus CSU/DSU
- configuraiton can be performed using cpipemon.
+ configuration can be performed using cpipemon.
All systems that cannot run cfgft1 GUI utility should
use cpipemon to configure the on board CSU/DSU.
- Appropriate number of devices are dynamically loaded
based on the number of Sangoma cards found.
- Note: The kernel configuraiton option
+ Note: The kernel configuration option
CONFIG_WANPIPE_CARDS has been taken out.
o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are
events, which is implicit if it doesn't even support it in the first
place).
- Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilties has a bitmask
+ Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilities has a bitmask
of the states it supports generating PME# from. D3hot is bit 3 and
D3cold is bit 4. So, while a value of 4 as the state may not seem
semantically correct, it is.
some non-standard way of generating a wake event on sleep.)
Bits 15:11 of the PMC (Power Mgmt Capabilities) Register in a device's
-PM Capabilties describe what power states the device supports generating a
+PM Capabilities describe what power states the device supports generating a
wake event from:
+------------------+
If the thread is needed for writing the image to storage, you should
instead set the PF_NOFREEZE process flag when creating the thread (and
-be very carefull).
+be very careful).
Q: What is the difference between "platform", "shutdown" and
- Change version 16 format to always align
property data to 4 bytes. Since tokens are
already aligned, that means no specific
- required alignement between property size
+ required alignment between property size
and property data. The old style variable
alignment would make it impossible to do
"simple" insertion of properties using
memove (thanks Milton for
noticing). Updated kernel patch as well
- - Correct a few more alignement constraints
+ - Correct a few more alignment constraints
- Add a chapter about the device-tree
compiler and the textural representation of
the tree that can be "compiled" by dtc.
console device if any. Typically, if you have serial devices on
your board, you may want to put the full path to the one set as
the default console in the firmware here, for the kernel to pick
- it up as it's own default console. If you look at the funciton
+ it up as its own default console. If you look at the function
set_preferred_console() in arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c, you'll see
that the kernel tries to find out the default console and has
knowledge of various types like 8250 serial ports. You may want
- interrupt-parent : contains the phandle of the interrupt
controller which handles interrupts for this device
- interrupts : a list of tuples representing the interrupt
- number and the interrupt sense and level for each interupt
+ number and the interrupt sense and level for each interrupt
for this device.
This information is used by the kernel to build the interrupt table
So there is virtually zero overhead for tasks not using robust futexes,
and even for robust futex users, there is only one extra syscall per
thread lifetime, and the cleanup operation, if it happens, is fast and
-straightforward. The kernel doesnt have any internal distinction between
+straightforward. The kernel doesn't have any internal distinction between
robust and normal futexes.
If a futex is found to be held at exit time, the kernel sets the
1.3.0 (January 21st, 2003)
- Full regression testing for all U320 products completed.
- Added abort and target/lun reset error recovery handler and
- interrupt coalessing.
+ interrupt coalescing.
1.2.0 (November 14th, 2002)
- Added support for Domain Validation
En/Disable High Byte LVD Termination
The upper 2 bits that deal with LVD termination only apply to Ultra2
- controllers. Futhermore, due to the current Ultra2 controller
+ controllers. Furthermore, due to the current Ultra2 controller
designs, these bits are tied together such that setting either bit
enables both low and high byte LVD termination. It is not possible
to only set high or low byte LVD termination in this manner. This is
of troubles with some controllers and after I wanted to apply some
extensions, it jumped out in the same situation, on my w/cache, as like
on D. Weinehalls' Model 56, having integrated SCSI. This gave me the
- descissive hint to move the code-part out and declare it global. Now,
- it seems to work by far much better an more stable. Let us see, what
+ decisive hint to move the code-part out and declare it global. Now
+ it seems to work far better and more stable. Let us see what
the world thinks of it...
3) By the way, only Sony DAT-drives seem to show density code 0x13. A
test with a HP drive gave right results, so the problem is vendor-
A long period of collecting bugreports from all corners of the world
now lead to the following corrections to the code:
1) SCSI-2 F/W support crashed with a COMMAND ERROR. The reason for this
- was, that it is possible to disbale Fast-SCSI for the external bus.
- The feature-control command, where this crash appeared regularly tried
+ was that it is possible to disable Fast-SCSI for the external bus.
+ The feature-control command, where this crash appeared regularly, tried
to set the maximum speed of 10MHz synchronous transfer speed and that
- reports a COMMAND ERROR, if external bus Fast-SCSI is disabled. Now,
+ reports a COMMAND ERROR if external bus Fast-SCSI is disabled. Now,
the feature-command probes down from maximum speed until the adapter
stops to complain, which is at the same time the maximum possible
speed selected in the reference program. So, F/W external can run at
UPDATE NEWS: version 1.31 - 6 Jul 97
Fixed a bug that caused incorrect SCSI status bytes to be
- returned from commands sent to LUN's greater than 0. This
+ returned from commands sent to LUNs greater than 0. This
means that CDROM changers work now! Fixed a bug in the
handling of command-line arguments when loaded as a module.
Also put all the header data in in2000.h where it belongs.
device [ try "dmesg" if you don't see anything ] and should show up in
/proc/devices. If not.... some changers use ID ? / LUN 0 for the
device and ID ? / LUN 1 for the robot mechanism. But Linux does *not*
-look for LUN's other than 0 as default, becauce there are to many
+look for LUNs other than 0 as default, because there are too many
broken devices. So you can try:
1) echo "scsi add-single-device 0 0 ID 1" > /proc/scsi/scsi
strings then.
You can display these messages with the dmesg command (or check the
-logfiles). If you email me some question becauce of a problem with the
+logfiles). If you email me some question because of a problem with the
driver, please include these messages.
- otherwise
scsi_eh_scmd_add(scmd, 0) is invoked for the command. See
- [1-3] for details of this funciton.
+ [1-3] for details of this function.
[1-2-2] Completing a scmd w/ timeout
be sure I will receive it. Obviously, a bug in the driver code is
possible.
- My cyrrent email address: Gerard Roudier <groudier@free.fr>
+ My current email address: Gerard Roudier <groudier@free.fr>
Allowing disconnections is important if you use several devices on
your SCSI bus but often causes problems with buggy devices.
Contact the kernel security team for more details on this procedure.
-Review committe:
+Review committee:
- This is made up of a number of kernel developers who have volunteered for
this task, and a few that haven't.
readable by root only. This allows the end user to remove
such a dump but not access it directly. For security reasons
core dumps in this mode will not overwrite one another or
- other files. This mode is appropriate when adminstrators are
+ other files. This mode is appropriate when administrators are
attempting to debug problems in a normal environment.
==============================================================
zone_reclaim_mode:
-Zone_reclaim_mode allows to set more or less agressive approaches to
+Zone_reclaim_mode allows someone to set more or less aggressive approaches to
reclaim memory when a zone runs out of memory. If it is set to zero then no
zone reclaim occurs. Allocations will be satisfied from other zones / nodes
in the system.
examples for this are power devices (especially uninterruptable power
supplies) and monitor control on higher end monitors.
-To support these disparite requirements, the Linux USB system provides
+To support these disparate requirements, the Linux USB system provides
HID events to two separate interfaces:
* the input subsystem, which converts HID events into normal input
device interfaces (such as keyboard, mouse and joystick) and a
Parity N,E,O,M,S
Handshake None, Software (XON/XOFF), Hardware (CTSRTS,CTSDTR)*
Break Set and clear
- Line contrl Input/Output query and control **
+ Line control Input/Output query and control **
* Hardware input flow control is only enabled for firmware
levels above 2.06. Read source code comments describing Belkin
automatic hardware flow control.
TO DO List:
- -- Add true modem contol line query capability. Currently tracks the
+ -- Add true modem control line query capability. Currently tracks the
states reported by the interrupt and the states requested.
-- Add error reporting back to application for UART error conditions.
-- Add support for flush ioctls.
projects / linux-2.6 / commitdiff