iterators of the scheduling modules are used. The balancing code got
quite a bit simpler as a result.
+
+Group scheduler extension to CFS
+================================
+
+Normally the scheduler operates on individual tasks and strives to provide
+fair CPU time to each task. Sometimes, it may be desirable to group tasks
+and provide fair CPU time to each such task group. For example, it may
+be desirable to first provide fair CPU time to each user on the system
+and then to each task belonging to a user.
+
+CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED strives to achieve exactly that. It lets
+SCHED_NORMAL/BATCH tasks be be grouped and divides CPU time fairly among such
+groups. At present, there are two (mutually exclusive) mechanisms to group
+tasks for CPU bandwidth control purpose:
+
+ - Based on user id (CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED)
+ In this option, tasks are grouped according to their user id.
+ - Based on "cgroup" pseudo filesystem (CONFIG_FAIR_CGROUP_SCHED)
+ This options lets the administrator create arbitrary groups
+ of tasks, using the "cgroup" pseudo filesystem. See
+ Documentation/cgroups.txt for more information about this
+ filesystem.
+
+Only one of these options to group tasks can be chosen and not both.
+
+Group scheduler tunables:
+
+When CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED is defined, a directory is created in sysfs for
+each new user and a "cpu_share" file is added in that directory.
+
+ # cd /sys/kernel/uids
+ # cat 512/cpu_share # Display user 512's CPU share
+ 1024
+ # echo 2048 > 512/cpu_share # Modify user 512's CPU share
+ # cat 512/cpu_share # Display user 512's CPU share
+ 2048
+ #
+
+CPU bandwidth between two users are divided in the ratio of their CPU shares.
+For ex: if you would like user "root" to get twice the bandwidth of user
+"guest", then set the cpu_share for both the users such that "root"'s
+cpu_share is twice "guest"'s cpu_share
+
+
+When CONFIG_FAIR_CGROUP_SCHED is defined, a "cpu.shares" file is created
+for each group created using the pseudo filesystem. See example steps
+below to create task groups and modify their CPU share using the "cgroups"
+pseudo filesystem
+
+ # mkdir /dev/cpuctl
+ # mount -t cgroup -ocpu none /dev/cpuctl
+ # cd /dev/cpuctl
+
+ # mkdir multimedia # create "multimedia" group of tasks
+ # mkdir browser # create "browser" group of tasks
+
+ # #Configure the multimedia group to receive twice the CPU bandwidth
+ # #that of browser group
+
+ # echo 2048 > multimedia/cpu.shares
+ # echo 1024 > browser/cpu.shares
+
+ # firefox & # Launch firefox and move it to "browser" group
+ # echo <firefox_pid> > browser/tasks
+
+ # #Launch gmplayer (or your favourite movie player)
+ # echo <movie_player_pid> > multimedia/tasks
#endif
};
+/*
+ * These routines must be called with the uidhash spinlock held!
+ */
+static inline void uid_hash_insert(struct user_struct *up,
+ struct hlist_head *hashent)
+{
+ hlist_add_head(&up->uidhash_node, hashent);
+}
+
+static inline void uid_hash_remove(struct user_struct *up)
+{
+ hlist_del_init(&up->uidhash_node);
+}
+
+static inline struct user_struct *uid_hash_find(uid_t uid,
+ struct hlist_head *hashent)
+{
+ struct user_struct *user;
+ struct hlist_node *h;
+
+ hlist_for_each_entry(user, h, hashent, uidhash_node) {
+ if (user->uid == uid) {
+ atomic_inc(&user->__count);
+ return user;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED
+
+static struct kobject uids_kobject; /* represents /sys/kernel/uids directory */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(uids_mutex);
+
static void sched_destroy_user(struct user_struct *up)
{
sched_destroy_group(up->tg);
sched_move_task(p);
}
-#else /* CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED */
+static inline void uids_mutex_lock(void)
+{
+ mutex_lock(&uids_mutex);
+}
-static void sched_destroy_user(struct user_struct *up) { }
-static int sched_create_user(struct user_struct *up) { return 0; }
-static void sched_switch_user(struct task_struct *p) { }
+static inline void uids_mutex_unlock(void)
+{
+ mutex_unlock(&uids_mutex);
+}
-#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED */
+/* return cpu shares held by the user */
+ssize_t cpu_shares_show(struct kset *kset, char *buffer)
+{
+ struct user_struct *up = container_of(kset, struct user_struct, kset);
-/*
- * These routines must be called with the uidhash spinlock held!
+ return sprintf(buffer, "%lu\n", sched_group_shares(up->tg));
+}
+
+/* modify cpu shares held by the user */
+ssize_t cpu_shares_store(struct kset *kset, const char *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+ struct user_struct *up = container_of(kset, struct user_struct, kset);
+ unsigned long shares;
+ int rc;
+
+ sscanf(buffer, "%lu", &shares);
+
+ rc = sched_group_set_shares(up->tg, shares);
+
+ return (rc ? rc : size);
+}
+
+static void user_attr_init(struct subsys_attribute *sa, char *name, int mode)
+{
+ sa->attr.name = name;
+ sa->attr.mode = mode;
+ sa->show = cpu_shares_show;
+ sa->store = cpu_shares_store;
+}
+
+/* Create "/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>" directory and
+ * "/sys/kernel/uids/<uid>/cpu_share" file for this user.
*/
-static inline void uid_hash_insert(struct user_struct *up, struct hlist_head *hashent)
+static int user_kobject_create(struct user_struct *up)
{
- hlist_add_head(&up->uidhash_node, hashent);
+ struct kset *kset = &up->kset;
+ struct kobject *kobj = &kset->kobj;
+ int error;
+
+ memset(kset, 0, sizeof(struct kset));
+ kobj->parent = &uids_kobject; /* create under /sys/kernel/uids dir */
+ kobject_set_name(kobj, "%d", up->uid);
+ kset_init(kset);
+ user_attr_init(&up->user_attr, "cpu_share", 0644);
+
+ error = kobject_add(kobj);
+ if (error)
+ goto done;
+
+ error = sysfs_create_file(kobj, &up->user_attr.attr);
+ if (error)
+ kobject_del(kobj);
+
+done:
+ return error;
}
-static inline void uid_hash_remove(struct user_struct *up)
+/* create these in sysfs filesystem:
+ * "/sys/kernel/uids" directory
+ * "/sys/kernel/uids/0" directory (for root user)
+ * "/sys/kernel/uids/0/cpu_share" file (for root user)
+ */
+int __init uids_kobject_init(void)
{
- hlist_del_init(&up->uidhash_node);
+ int error;
+
+ /* create under /sys/kernel dir */
+ uids_kobject.parent = &kernel_subsys.kobj;
+ kobject_set_name(&uids_kobject, "uids");
+ kobject_init(&uids_kobject);
+
+ error = kobject_add(&uids_kobject);
+ if (!error)
+ error = user_kobject_create(&root_user);
+
+ return error;
}
-static inline struct user_struct *uid_hash_find(uid_t uid, struct hlist_head *hashent)
+/* work function to remove sysfs directory for a user and free up
+ * corresponding structures.
+ */
+static void remove_user_sysfs_dir(struct work_struct *w)
{
- struct user_struct *user;
- struct hlist_node *h;
+ struct user_struct *up = container_of(w, struct user_struct, work);
+ struct kobject *kobj = &up->kset.kobj;
+ unsigned long flags;
+ int remove_user = 0;
- hlist_for_each_entry(user, h, hashent, uidhash_node) {
- if(user->uid == uid) {
- atomic_inc(&user->__count);
- return user;
- }
+ /* Make uid_hash_remove() + sysfs_remove_file() + kobject_del()
+ * atomic.
+ */
+ uids_mutex_lock();
+
+ local_irq_save(flags);
+
+ if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock)) {
+ uid_hash_remove(up);
+ remove_user = 1;
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&uidhash_lock, flags);
+ } else {
+ local_irq_restore(flags);
}
- return NULL;
+ if (!remove_user)
+ goto done;
+
+ sysfs_remove_file(kobj, &up->user_attr.attr);
+ kobject_del(kobj);
+
+ sched_destroy_user(up);
+ key_put(up->uid_keyring);
+ key_put(up->session_keyring);
+ kmem_cache_free(uid_cachep, up);
+
+done:
+ uids_mutex_unlock();
+}
+
+/* IRQs are disabled and uidhash_lock is held upon function entry.
+ * IRQ state (as stored in flags) is restored and uidhash_lock released
+ * upon function exit.
+ */
+static inline void free_user(struct user_struct *up, unsigned long flags)
+{
+ /* restore back the count */
+ atomic_inc(&up->__count);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&uidhash_lock, flags);
+
+ INIT_WORK(&up->work, remove_user_sysfs_dir);
+ schedule_work(&up->work);
}
+#else /* CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED */
+
+static void sched_destroy_user(struct user_struct *up) { }
+static int sched_create_user(struct user_struct *up) { return 0; }
+static void sched_switch_user(struct task_struct *p) { }
+static inline int user_kobject_create(struct user_struct *up) { return 0; }
+static inline void uids_mutex_lock(void) { }
+static inline void uids_mutex_unlock(void) { }
+
+/* IRQs are disabled and uidhash_lock is held upon function entry.
+ * IRQ state (as stored in flags) is restored and uidhash_lock released
+ * upon function exit.
+ */
+static inline void free_user(struct user_struct *up, unsigned long flags)
+{
+ uid_hash_remove(up);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&uidhash_lock, flags);
+ sched_destroy_user(up);
+ key_put(up->uid_keyring);
+ key_put(up->session_keyring);
+ kmem_cache_free(uid_cachep, up);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED */
+
/*
* Locate the user_struct for the passed UID. If found, take a ref on it. The
* caller must undo that ref with free_uid().
return;
local_irq_save(flags);
- if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock)) {
- uid_hash_remove(up);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&uidhash_lock, flags);
- sched_destroy_user(up);
- key_put(up->uid_keyring);
- key_put(up->session_keyring);
- kmem_cache_free(uid_cachep, up);
- } else {
+ if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&up->__count, &uidhash_lock))
+ free_user(up, flags);
+ else
local_irq_restore(flags);
- }
}
struct user_struct * alloc_uid(struct user_namespace *ns, uid_t uid)
struct hlist_head *hashent = uidhashentry(ns, uid);
struct user_struct *up;
+ /* Make uid_hash_find() + user_kobject_create() + uid_hash_insert()
+ * atomic.
+ */
+ uids_mutex_lock();
+
spin_lock_irq(&uidhash_lock);
up = uid_hash_find(uid, hashent);
spin_unlock_irq(&uidhash_lock);
return NULL;
}
+ if (user_kobject_create(new)) {
+ sched_destroy_user(new);
+ key_put(new->uid_keyring);
+ key_put(new->session_keyring);
+ kmem_cache_free(uid_cachep, new);
+ uids_mutex_unlock();
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
/*
* Before adding this, check whether we raced
* on adding the same user already..
spin_lock_irq(&uidhash_lock);
up = uid_hash_find(uid, hashent);
if (up) {
- sched_destroy_user(new);
+ /* This case is not possible when CONFIG_FAIR_USER_SCHED
+ * is defined, since we serialize alloc_uid() using
+ * uids_mutex. Hence no need to call
+ * sched_destroy_user() or remove_user_sysfs_dir().
+ */
key_put(new->uid_keyring);
key_put(new->session_keyring);
kmem_cache_free(uid_cachep, new);
spin_unlock_irq(&uidhash_lock);
}
+
+ uids_mutex_unlock();
+
return up;
}
projects / linux-2.6 / commitdiff