and release a global reader-writer lock. The synchronize_rcu()
primitive write-acquires this same lock, then immediately releases
it. This means that once synchronize_rcu() exits, all RCU read-side
-critical sections that were in progress before synchonize_rcu() was
+critical sections that were in progress before synchronize_rcu() was
called are guaranteed to have completed -- there is no way that
synchronize_rcu() would have been able to write-acquire the lock
otherwise.
Kvec i/o:
- Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slighly different structure instead
+ Ben LaHaise's aio code uses a slightly different structure instead
of kiobufs, called a kvec_cb. This contains an array of <page, offset, len>
tuples (very much like the networking code), together with a callback function
and data pointer. This is embedded into a brw_cb structure when passed
for a queue.
4.2 Request flows seen by I/O schedulers
-All requests seens by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three
+All requests seen by I/O schedulers strictly follow one of the following three
flows.
set_req_fn ->
- CPU frequency and voltage scaling statictics in the Linux(TM) kernel
+ CPU frequency and voltage scaling statistics in the Linux(TM) kernel
L i n u x c p u f r e q - s t a t s d r i v e r
1. Introduction
cpufreq-stats is a driver that provices CPU frequency statistics for each CPU.
-This statistics is provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This
-interface (when configured) will appear in a seperate directory under cpufreq
+These statistics are provided in /sysfs as a bunch of read_only interfaces. This
+interface (when configured) will appear in a separate directory under cpufreq
in /sysfs (<sysfs root>/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cpufreq/stats/) for each CPU.
Various statistics will form read_only files under this directory.
"CPU frequency translation statistics details" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT_DETAILS)
provides fine grained cpufreq stats by trans_table. The reason for having a
-seperate config option for trans_table is:
+separate config option for trans_table is:
- trans_table goes against the traditional /sysfs rule of one value per
interface. It provides a whole bunch of value in a 2 dimensional matrix
form.
frontends (i.e. tuner / demodulator units) used, usually without
changing the product name, revision number or specs. Some cards
are also available in versions with different frontends for
- DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed seperately.
+ DVB-S/DVB-C/DVB-T. Thus the frontend drivers are listed separately.
Note 1: There is no guarantee that every frontend driver works
out of the box with every card, because of different wiring.
- The driver is 16 bpp only, 24/32 won't work.
- The driver is not your_favorite_toy-safe. this includes SMP...
[Actually from inspection it seems to be safe - Alan]
- - when using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color
+ - When using XFree86 FBdev (X over fbdev) you may see strange color
patterns at the border of your windows (the pixels lose the lowest
- byte -> basicaly the blue component nd some of the green) . I'm unable
+ byte -> basically the blue component and some of the green). I'm unable
to reproduce this with XFree86-3.3, but one of the testers has this
- problem with XFree86-4. apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this
+ problem with XFree86-4. Apparently recent Xfree86-4.x solve this
problem.
- I didn't really test changing the palette, so you may find some weird
things when playing with that.
- - Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC , and the
- initialisation will fail. this is specificaly true for
- voodoo 2 boards , but it should be solved in recent versions. please
- contact me .
- - the 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon , knowing that the
- hardware does ... unusual thigs in 24/32 bpp
- - When used with anther video board, current limitations of linux
- console subsystem can cause some troubles, specificaly, you should
- disable software scrollback , as it can oops badly ...
+ - Sometimes the driver will not recognise the DAC, and the
+ initialisation will fail. This is specifically true for
+ voodoo 2 boards, but it should be solved in recent versions. Please
+ contact me.
+ - The 24/32 is not likely to work anytime soon, knowing that the
+ hardware does ... unusual things in 24/32 bpp.
+ - When used with another video board, current limitations of the linux
+ console subsystem can cause some troubles, specifically, you should
+ disable software scrollback, as it can oops badly ...
Todo
Finally, when userspace calls rmdir(2) on the item or group,
ct_group_ops->drop_item() is called. As a config_group is also a
-config_item, it is not necessary for a seperate drop_group() method.
+config_item, it is not necessary for a separate drop_group() method.
The subsystem must config_item_put() the reference that was initialized
upon item allocation. If a subsystem has no work to do, it may omit
the ct_group_ops->drop_item() method, and configfs will call
address space are refused. Used for a typical system. It
ensures a seriously wild allocation fails while allowing
overcommit to reduce swap usage. root is allowed to
- allocate slighly more memory in this mode. This is the
+ allocate slightly more memory in this mode. This is the
default.
1 - Always overcommit. Appropriate for some scientific
Maximum queue length of the delayed proxy arp timer. (see proxy_delay).
-app_solcit
+app_solicit
----------
Determines the number of requests to send to the user level ARP daemon. Use 0
The primary users of precision timers are user-space applications that
utilize nanosleep, posix-timers and itimer interfaces. Also, in-kernel
users like drivers and subsystems which require precise timed events
-(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a seperate
+(e.g. multimedia) can benefit from the availability of a separate
high-resolution timer subsystem as well.
While this subsystem does not offer high-resolution clock sources just
with other potential users for precise timers gives another reason to
separate the "timeout" and "precise timer" subsystems.
-Another potential benefit is that such a seperation allows even more
+Another potential benefit is that such a separation allows even more
special-purpose optimization of the existing timer wheel for the low
resolution and low precision use cases - once the precision-sensitive
APIs are separated from the timer wheel and are migrated over to
a separate list is used to give the expiry code fast access to the
queued timers, without having to walk the rbtree.
-(This seperate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce
-high-resolution clocks, where we need seperate pending and expired
+(This separate list is also useful for later when we'll introduce
+high-resolution clocks, where we need separate pending and expired
queues while keeping the time-order intact.)
Time-ordered enqueueing is not purely for the purposes of
Format description:
- From a user space perspective the world is seperated in "digits" and "icons".
+ From a userspace perspective the world is separated into "digits" and "icons".
A digit can have a character set, an icon can only be ON or OFF.
Format specifier
the indentation level, this means it ends at the first line which has
a smaller indentation than the first line of the help text.
"---help---" and "help" do not differ in behaviour, "---help---" is
- used to help visually seperate configuration logic from help within
+ used to help visually separate configuration logic from help within
the file as an aid to developers.
"menuconfig" <symbol>
<config options>
-This is similiar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a
+This is similar to the simple config entry above, but it also gives a
hint to front ends, that all suboptions should be displayed as a
separate list of options.
// initialised.
// AUXP - Auxiliary Pattern Indication - 01010101.. received.
// LFA - Loss of Frame Alignment - no frame sync received.
-// RRA - Receive Remote Alarm - the remote end's OK, but singnals error cond.
+// RRA - Receive Remote Alarm - the remote end's OK, but signals error cond.
// LMFA - Loss of CRC4 Multiframe Alignment - no CRC4 multiframe sync.
// NMF - No Multiframe alignment Found after 400 msec - no such alarm using
// no-crc4 or crc4 framing, see below.
# echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x21
- - Swithing the loop off:
+ - Switching the loop off:
# echo >lbireg 0x1d 0x00
in the kernel configuration. A choice for SMC Token Ring adapters will
appear. This drives supports all SMC ISA/MCA adapters. Choose this
option. I personally recommend compiling the driver as a module (M), but if you
-you would like to compile it staticly answer Y instead.
+you would like to compile it statically answer Y instead.
This driver supports multiple adapters without the need to load multiple copies
of the driver. You should be able to load up to 7 adapters without any kernel
in the kernel configuration. A choice for SysKonnect Token Ring adapters will
appear. This drives supports all SysKonnect ISA and PCI adapters. Choose this
option. I personally recommend compiling the driver as a module (M), but if you
-you would like to compile it staticly answer Y instead.
+you would like to compile it statically answer Y instead.
This driver supports multiple adapters without the need to load multiple copies
of the driver. You should be able to load up to 7 adapters without any kernel
* turn off APIC and preempt
-* use ext2. At least it has working fsck. [If something seemes to go
+* use ext2. At least it has working fsck. [If something seems to go
wrong, force fsck when you have a chance]
* turn off modules
* [child nodes if any]
* token OF_DT_END_NODE (that is 0x00000002)
-So the node content can be summmarised as a start token, a full path,
-a list of properties, a list of child node and an end token. Every
+So the node content can be summarised as a start token, a full path,
+a list of properties, a list of child nodes, and an end token. Every
child node is a full node structure itself as defined above.
-4) Device tree 'strings" block
+4) Device tree "strings" block
In order to save space, property names, which are generally redundant,
are stored separately in the "strings" block. This block is simply the
requires a 68-byte contiguous block of I/O addresses, starting at one
of the following: 0x100h, 0x140h, 0x180h, 0x200h, 0x240h, 0x280h,
0x300h, 0x340h, 0x380h. This I/O address must be reflected in the DIP
-switiches of *all* of the Rocketport cards.
+switches of *all* of the Rocketport cards.
The second, third, and fourth RocketPort cards require a 64-byte
contiguous block of I/O addresses, starting at one of the following
defined in linux/include/linux/sched.h
The S390 on initialisation & resuming of a process on a cpu sets
the __LC_KERNEL_STACK variable in the spare prefix area for this cpu
-( which we use for per processor globals).
+(which we use for per-processor globals).
-The kernel stack pointer is intimately tied with the task stucture for
+The kernel stack pointer is intimately tied with the task structure for
each processor as follows.
s/390
Example 3
---------
-Getting sophistocated
-telnetd crashes on & I don't know why
+Getting sophisticated
+telnetd crashes & I don't know why
+
Steps
-----
1) Replace the following line in /etc/inetd.conf
RECEIVE / LOG TXT A1 ( replace
8)
filel & press F11 to look at it
-You should see someting like.
+You should see something like:
00020942' SSCH B2334000 0048813C CC 0 SCH 0000 DEV 7C08
CPA 000FFDF0 PARM 00E2C9C4 KEY 0 FPI C0 LPM 80
NOTE:
-----
-This API provides no interface to control the *MONITOR service, e.g. specifiy
+This API provides no interface to control the *MONITOR service, e.g. specify
which data should be collected. This can be done by the CP command MONITOR
(Class E privileged), see "CP Command and Utility Reference".
-------------------------
The aacraid driver adds support for Adaptec (http://www.adaptec.com)
RAID controllers. This is a major rewrite from the original
-Adaptec supplied driver. It has signficantly cleaned up both the code
+Adaptec supplied driver. It has significantly cleaned up both the code
and the running binary size (the module is less than half the size of
the original).
an SDTR with an offset of 0 to be sure the target
knows we are async. This works around a firmware defect
in the Quantum Atlas 10K.
- - Implement controller susupend and resume.
+ - Implement controller suspend and resume.
- Clear PCI error state during driver attach so that we
don't disable memory mapped I/O due to a stray write
by some other driver probe that occurred before we
that instead of dumping the register contents on the card, this
option dumps the contents of the sequencer program RAM. This gives
the ability to verify that the instructions downloaded to the
- card's sequencer are indeed what they are suppossed to be. Again,
+ card's sequencer are indeed what they are supposed to be. Again,
unless you have documentation to tell you how to interpret these
numbers, then it is totally useless.
2.6 Abort & Reset Commands
--------------------------
These are implemented with busy waiting for interrupt to arrive.
- ibmmca_reset() and ibmmca_abort() do not work sufficently well
- up to now and need still a lot of development work. But, this seems
- to be even a problem with other SCSI-low level drivers, too. However,
+ ibmmca_reset() and ibmmca_abort() do not work sufficiently well
+ up to now and need still a lot of development work. This seems
+ to be a problem with other low-level SCSI drivers too, however
this should be no excuse.
2.7 Disk Geometry
not like sending commands to non-existing SCSI-devices and will react
with a command error as a sign of protest. While this error is not
present on IBM SCSI Adapter w/cache, it appears on IBM Integrated SCSI
- Adapters. Therefore, I implemented a workarround to forgive those
- adapters their protests, but it is marked up in the statisctis, so
+ Adapters. Therefore, I implemented a workaround to forgive those
+ adapters their protests, but it is marked up in the statistics, so
after a successful boot, you can see in /proc/scsi/ibmmca/<host_number>
how often the command errors have been forgiven to the SCSI-subsystem.
If the number is bigger than 0, you have a SCSI subsystem of older
not accept this, as they stick quite near to ANSI-SCSI and report
a COMMAND_ERROR message which causes the driver to panic. The main
problem was located around the INQUIRY command. Now, for all the
- mentioned commands, the buffersize, sent to the adapter is at
+ mentioned commands, the buffersize sent to the adapter is at
maximum 255 which seems to be a quite reasonable solution.
- TEST_UNIT_READY gets a buffersize of 0 to make sure, that no
+ TEST_UNIT_READY gets a buffersize of 0 to make sure that no
data is transferred in order to avoid any possible command failure.
- 2) On unsuccessful TEST_UNIT_READY, the midlevel-driver has to send
- a REQUEST_SENSE in order to see, where the problem is located. This
+ 2) On unsuccessful TEST_UNIT_READY, the mid-level driver has to send
+ a REQUEST_SENSE in order to see where the problem is located. This
REQUEST_SENSE may have various length in its answer-buffer. IBM
- SCSI-subsystems report a command failure, if the returned buffersize
- is different from the sent buffersize, but this can be supressed by
+ SCSI-subsystems report a command failure if the returned buffersize
+ is different from the sent buffersize, but this can be suppressed by
a special bit, which is now done and problems seem to be solved.
2) Code adaption to all kernel-releases. Now, the 3.2 code compiles on
2.0.x, 2.1.x, 2.2.x and 2.3.x kernel releases without any code-changes.
Guide) what has to be done for reset, we still share the bad shape of
the reset functions with all other low level SCSI-drivers.
Astonishingly, reset works in most cases quite ok, but the harddisks
- won't run in synchonous mode anymore after a reset, until you reboot.
+ won't run in synchronous mode anymore after a reset, until you reboot.
Q: Why does my XXX w/Cache adapter not use read-prefetch?
A: Ok, that is not completely possible. If a cache is present, the
adapter tries to use it internally. Explicitly, one can use the cache
15. SCSI problem troubleshooting
15.1 Problem tracking
15.2 Understanding hardware error reports
-16. Synchonous transfer negotiation tables
+16. Synchronous transfer negotiation tables
16.1 Synchronous timings for 53C875 and 53C860 Ultra-SCSI controllers
16.2 Synchronous timings for fast SCSI-2 53C8XX controllers
17. Serial NVRAM support (by Richard Waltham)
You are not required to decode and understand them, unless you want to help
maintain the driver code.
-16. Synchonous transfer negotiation tables
+16. Synchronous transfer negotiation tables
Tables below have been created by calling the routine the driver uses
for synchronisation negotiation timing calculation and chip setting.
the device dependent address. It is recommended to set
this flag unless there are tapes using the device
dependent (from the old times) (global)
- MT_ST_SYSV sets the SYSV sematics (mode)
+ MT_ST_SYSV sets the SYSV semantics (mode)
MT_ST_NOWAIT enables immediate mode (i.e., don't wait for
the command to finish) for some commands (e.g., rewind)
MT_ST_DEBUGGING debugging (global; debugging must be
Other drivers files are intended not to depend on the Operating System
on which the driver is used.
-The history of this driver can be summerized as follows:
+The history of this driver can be summarized as follows:
1993: ncr driver written for 386bsd and FreeBSD by:
Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@cologne.de>
card#0) for front and 4/6ch playbacks, while the second PCM device
(hw:0,1) is assigned to the second DAC for rear playback.
-There are slight difference between two DACs.
+There are slight differences between the two DACs:
- The first DAC supports U8 and S16LE formats, while the second DAC
supports only S16LE.
-- The seconde DAC supports only two channel stereo.
+- The second DAC supports only two channel stereo.
Please note that the CM8x38 DAC doesn't support continuous playback
rate but only fixed rates: 5512, 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000,
substreams performing hardware mixing. This could be changed to a
maximum of 24 substreams if wished.
Mono files will be played on the left and right channel. Each channel
-can be muted for each stream to use 8 analog/digital outputs seperately.
+can be muted for each stream to use 8 analog/digital outputs separately.
Capture
-------
Lists the currently available ALSA sequencer drivers.
seq/clients
- Shows the list of currently available sequencer clinets and
+ Shows the list of currently available sequencer clients and
ports. The connection status and the running status are shown
in this file, too.
seq/queues
- Lists the currently allocated/running sequener queues.
+ Lists the currently allocated/running sequencer queues.
seq/timer
Lists the currently allocated/running sequencer timers.
Note that even when an error (or unlink) is reported, data may have been
transferred. That's because USB transfers are packetized; it might take
sixteen packets to transfer your 1KByte buffer, and ten of them might
-have transferred succesfully before the completion was called.
+have transferred successfully before the completion was called.
NOTE: ***** WARNING *****
Changed reset from standard USB dev reset to vendor reset
Changed data sent to host from compensated to raw coordinates
Eliminated vendor/product module params
- Performed multiple successfull tests with an EXII-5010UC
+ Performed multiple successful tests with an EXII-5010UC
SUPPORTED HARDWARE:
projects / linux-2.6 / commitdiff