* dpkg-buildpackage -sa, -si options work correctly.
* update-rc.d(8) updated to reflect design and reality.
* Programmers' and policy manual updates.
-- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk> Fri, 23 Aug 1996 12:48:26 +0100
+dpkg (1.3.8) unstable; urgency=low (high for new source format)
+
+ * dpkg-buildpackage -sa, -si options work correctly.
+
+ * update-rc.d(8) updated to reflect design and reality.
+ * Programmers' and policy manual updates.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk> Fri, 23 Aug 1996 12:48:26 +0100
+
dpkg (1.3.7) unstable; urgency=low (medium for source pkg docs)
* dselect +/-/_/= on lines for all broken, new, local or whatever
+debian-manuals (0.2.1.0) unstable;
+
+ * Policy says when and how to include original source in upload.
+
+ * Need -sa on dpkg-genchanges/dpkg-buildpackage when converting.
+
+ * Use minor patchlevel for meaning changes which don't affect packages.
+ * More verbosity about netiquette.
+ * Reorganised participation and upload policy: merged with mailing lists.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk> Fri, 23 Aug 1996 12:48:09 +0100
+
+debian-manuals (0.2.0.1) experimental;
+
+ * Said that system administrators' manual does not exist.
+
+ -- Ian Jackson <ian@chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk> Fri, 23 Aug 1996 04:05:36 +0100
+
debian-manuals (0.2.0.0) experimental;
* Draft releases.
--- /dev/null
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--- /dev/null
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+ @RunningEvenFoot { version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7), 23 August 1996 @Right { Debian policy manual } }
+ @RunningOddFoot { Debian policy manual @Right { version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7), 23 August 1996 } }
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+# @RunningStartOddFoot { Debian policy manual @Right { version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7), 23 August 1996 } }
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++5p @Font Bold @Font { Debian policy manual }
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+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break {
+0.1.|0.5fe{ Abstract}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+This manual describes the policy requirements which must be satisfied
+for a package to be included in the Debian distribution. This
+includes details of the permissions and ownerships of files in
+packages and other technical requirements as well as information like
+the upload procedure.
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
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+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
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+
+//1vx//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 1. } |5fx {Introduction and scope of this manual} } |2f @PageOf { ch-scope } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 2. } |5fx {Package copyright} } |2f @PageOf { ch-pkgcopyright } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 3. } |5fx {Contents of the binary package
+} } |2f @PageOf { ch-binarypkg } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.1. } |5fx {Control file requirements
+} } |2f @PageOf { s3.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.2. } |5fx {Locations of files} } |2f @PageOf { s3.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.3. } |5fx {Permissions and ownerships} } |2f @PageOf { s3.3 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.4. } |5fx {Configuration files} } |2f @PageOf { s3.4 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.5. } |5fx {Maintainer scripts} } |2f @PageOf { s3.5 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.6. } |5fx {Scripts in general} } |2f @PageOf { s3.6 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.7. } |5fx {Compilation options} } |2f @PageOf { s3.7 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.8. } |5fx {Shared library packages} } |2f @PageOf { s3.8 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.9. } |5fx {Application configuration files, dotfiles and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}}} } |2f @PageOf { s3.9 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.10. } |5fx {Mail processing on Debian systems} } |2f @PageOf { s-mail } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.11. } |5fx {Packages which can use the X shared libraries} } |2f @PageOf { s3.11 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.12. } |5fx {Games} } |2f @PageOf { s3.12 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.13. } |5fx {Allocating "package-specific" users and groups} } |2f @PageOf { s3.13 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 4. } |5fx {Source package
+} } |2f @PageOf { ch-sourcepkg } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 4.1. } |5fx {Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer} } |2f @PageOf { s4.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 4.2. } |5fx {Standards conformance and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}}} } |2f @PageOf { s4.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 4.3. } |5fx {Documentation and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {changelog}}} } |2f @PageOf { s4.3 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 4.4. } |5fx {Changes to the upstream sources} } |2f @PageOf { s4.4 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 4.5. } |5fx {Error trapping in makefiles} } |2f @PageOf { s4.5 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 5. } |5fx {How to become a Debian developer
+} } |2f @PageOf { ch-developer } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 5.1. } |5fx {Before you start work} } |2f @PageOf { s5.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 5.2. } |5fx {When you have a package to upload} } |2f @PageOf { s5.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 5.3. } |5fx {Upload handling "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} files} } |2f @PageOf { s-changesfiles } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 6. } |5fx {The Debian mailing lists} } |2f @PageOf { ch-mailinglists } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 7. } |5fx {Conversion procedure from old source packages} } |2f @PageOf { ch-conversion } } //1.00vx
+
+@LP
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+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break {
+0.3.|0.5fe{ Copyright Notice}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+Copyright ©1996 Ian Jackson.
+@LP
+
+This manual is free software; you may redistribute it "and/or" modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+later version.
+@LP
+
+This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+{{Times Slope} @Font {without any warranty}}; without even the implied warranty of
+merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+@LP
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with
+your Debian "GNU/Linux" system, in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright/GPL"}}, or
+with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} source package as the file {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {COPYING}}. If
+not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
+Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
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+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-scope}
+1.|0.5fe{ Introduction and scope of this manual}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This manual describes the criteria that a "Debian-format" package must
+satisfy to be included in the Debian distribution.
+@LP
+
+Much of this information will be useful even when building a package
+which is to be distributed in some other way or is for local use.
+@LP
+
+This manual does {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} describe the technical mechanisms involved
+in package creation, installation and removal. This information can
+be found in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers' manual and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} system
+administrators' manual.
+@LP
+
+This document assumes familiarity with these other two manuals.
+Unfortunately the system administrators' manual does not exist yet.
+@LP
+
+The Debian version of the FSF's GNU {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hello}} program is provided
+as an example for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Note that this document is still a draft!}}
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-pkgcopyright}
+2.|0.5fe{ Package copyright}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Please study the copyright of your submission {{Times Slope} @Font {carefully}} and
+understand it before proceeding. If you have doubts or questions,
+please ask.
+@LP
+
+The aims of the policy detailed below are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+That any user be able to rebuild any package in the official Debian
+distribution from the original source plus our patches.
+}
+@ListItem {
+That we make available in our packaging formats as much software as we
+can.
+}
+@ListItem {
+That it be easy for people to make CDROMs of our distribution without
+violating copyrights.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+All packages in the Debian distribution proper must be freely useable,
+modifiable and redistributable in both source and binary form. It
+must be possible for anyone to distribute and use modified source code
+and their own own compiled binaries, at least when they do so as part
+of a Debian distribution.
+@LP
+
+Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do
+not allow distribution and copying for profit, without restriction on
+the amount charged, or where distribution is restricted according to
+the medium used, or where the distributor must ask any kind of special
+permission of the authors, or with other onerous conditions, may only
+be placed in the "semi-supported" "non-free" section of the Debian FTP
+archives. This is important so that CDROM manufacturers can
+distribute Debian without having to check the copyright of each
+package individually, simply by leaving out the contents of the
+"non-free" area; CDROM distributors are encouraged, though, to check the
+copyrights on programs in "non-free" individually and include as many as
+they can.
+@LP
+
+Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) allow
+only distribution of compiled binaries (and thus of which only
+binaries are available), or where the source code which may be
+distributed is not the complete source code required to compile the
+program (ie, the program cannot be compiled using only packages in the
+main Debian distribution), or which depend for their use on "non-free"
+or contrib packages, or allow free use only for a trial period
+(shareware), or are demonstration programs lacking vital functionality
+(crippleware), or are only "installer-packages" which require the user
+to supply a separate file to be installed, or which fail to meet some
+other policy requirements, may only be placed in the "semi-supported"
+contrib section of the Debian FTP archives (unless they need to be in
+"non-free" "-" see above).
+@LP
+
+Programs whose authors encourage the user to make donations are fine
+for the main distribution, provided that the authors do not claim that
+not donating is immoral, unethical, illegal or something similar;
+otherwise they must go in contrib (or "non-free," if even distribution
+is restricted by such statements).
+@LP
+
+Packages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do
+not allow redistribution even of only binaries, and where no special
+permission has been obtained, cannot placed on the Debian FTP site and
+its mirrors at all.
+@LP
+
+Note that under international copyright law{@FootNote{ This applies in
+the United States, too.}} {{Times Slope} @Font {no}} distribution or modification
+of a work is allowed without an explicit notice saying so. Therefore
+a program without a copyright notice {{Times Slope} @Font {is}} copyrighted and you may
+not do anything to it without risking being sued! Likewise if a
+program has a copyright notice but no statement saying what is
+permitted then nothing is permitted.
+@LP
+
+Many authors are unaware of the problems that restrictive copyrights
+(or lack of copyright notices) can cause for the users of their
+"supposedly-free" software. It is often worthwhile contacting such
+authors diplomatically to ask them to modify their terms generally, or
+specially for Debian. However, this is a politically difficult thing
+to do and you should ask for advice on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}} first.
+@LP
+
+When in doubt, send mail to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"debian"--"devel@lists.debian.org">}}. Be
+prepared to provide us with the copyright statement. Software covered
+by the GPL, public domain software and "BSD-like" copyrights are safe;
+be wary of the phrases `commercial use prohibited' and `distribution
+restricted'.
+@LP
+
+Every package submission {{Times Slope} @Font {must}} be accompanied by verbatim copy of
+its copyright (with the exceptions of public domain packages and those
+covered by the UCB BSD licence or the GNU GPL or LGPL; in these cases
+simply indicate which is appropriate). This information must be
+included in a file installed by the binary package "-" see `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/copyright"}}', page @PageOf{s-copyrightfile}.
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-binarypkg}
+3.|0.5fe{ Contents of the binary package
+}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
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+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1}
+3.1.|0.5fe{ Control file requirements
+}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.1}
+3.1.1.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}} information}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+All packages must have a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}} field with the correct name
+and a working email address for the Debian maintainer of the package.
+If one person maintains several packages they should try to avoid
+having different forms of their name and address in different
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}} fields.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.2}
+3.1.2.|0.5fe{ Dependencies and virtual packages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Add a dependency for any shared libraries required by
+"dynamically-linked" executable binaries in your package. Almost every
+package containing compiled C code should therefore include a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} field which mentions the shared C library required for
+the program to run. For ELF binaries linked against {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libc.so.5}}
+the relevant package name is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libc5}}.
+@LP
+
+All packages must use virtual package names where appropriate, and
+arrange to create new ones if necessary. They must not use virtual
+package names (except privately, amongst a cooperating group of
+packages) unless they have been agreed upon and appear in the list of
+virtual package names.
+@LP
+
+The latest version of the authoritative list of virtual package names
+can be found on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ftp.debian.org}} in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/debian/doc/package"--"developer/virtual"--"package"--"names"--"list.text"}}
+or your local mirror. The procedure for updating it is described at
+the top of the file.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.3}
+3.1.3.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Decide whether your package can go in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"non"--"free"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {contrib}} or
+the main distribution "-" see `Package copyright', page @PageOf{ch-pkgcopyright}, and put
+an appropriate value for the distribution in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} file.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} control file fields give
+information for classifying the package in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} and say
+which directory to place it in the FTP archive.
+@LP
+
+They are ultimately the responsibility of the distribution
+maintainers; however, you should suggest values for them in your
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} information when you upload a package. You do this by
+including appropriate information in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}} file
+before building the packages.
+@LP
+
+For a list of the currently "in-use" sections, please see the FTP
+archive. Packages in the "non-free" and contrib areas should have
+section {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"non"--"free"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {contrib}}, respectively.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +2p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.3.1}
+3.1.3.1.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} values}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {required}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {required}} packages are necessary for the proper functioning of the
+system. You must not remove these packages or your system may become
+totally broken and you may probably not even be able to use
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} to put things back. Systems with only the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {required}}
+packages are probably unuseable, but they do have enough functionality
+to allow the sysadmin to boot and install more software.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {important}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+Important programs, including those which one would expect to find on
+any "Unix-like" system. If the expectation is that an experienced Unix
+person who found it missing would go `What the "F*!@"<+ is going on,
+where is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {foo}}', it should be in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {important}}. This is an
+important criterion because we are trying to produce, amongst other
+things, a free Unix. Other packages without which the system will not
+run well or be useable should also be here. This does {{Times Slope} @Font {not}}
+include Emacs or X11 or TeX or any other large applications. The
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {important}} packages are just a bare minimum of "commonly-expected"
+and necessary tools.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {standard}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+These packages provide a reasonably small but not too limited
+"character-mode" system. This is what will install by default if the
+user doesn't select anything else. It doesn't include many large
+applications, but it does include Emacs (this is more of a piece of
+infrastructure than an application) and a reasonable subset of TeX and
+LaTeX (if this is possible without X).
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {optional}}{@FootNote{ In a sense everything is optional that
+isn't required, but that's not what is meant here.}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is all the software that you might reasonably want to install if
+you didn't know what it was or don't have specialised requirements.
+This is a much larger system and includes X11, a full TeX
+distribution, and lots of applications.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {extra}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This contains packages that conflict with others with higher
+priorities, or are only likely to be useful if you already know what
+they are or have specialised requirements.
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+@LP
+
+Priority values are not "case-sensitive."
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +2p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.3.2}
+3.1.3.2.|0.5fe{ Base packages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Some packages have {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section: base}} and are in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {base}}
+subdirectory on the FTP archives. These are the packages that are
+supplied on the base disks. They are the minimum sensible set for
+installing new packages (perhaps via a network).
+@LP
+
+Most of these packages should have {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority: required}} or at least
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority: important}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.4}
+3.1.4.|0.5fe{ The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential}} flag}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential: yes}} control file field should not be used unless
+removing a package really will completely hose the system; nor should
+it be used for a shared library package "-" the dependencies will
+prevent its premature removal, and we need to be able to remove it
+when it has been superseded.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.5}
+3.1.5.|0.5fe{ Including {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}}
+control file}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+If a user installs a package which is not part of the standard
+distribution, or without downloading and updating from a new
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} file, the information about the priority and section
+of a package will be absent, and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} package listing
+will have the package listed under `unclassified'. In order to
+improve this it is permissible to use the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"is"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"isp"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"ip"}} option to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}, so that the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}}
+"and/or" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} is copied into the actual control information in
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} file. However, if you do this you should make sure you
+keep the information up to date so that users are not shown
+conflicting information.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.6}
+3.1.6.|0.5fe{ Formatting of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} control file field}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Every Debian package should have an extended description.
+@LP
+
+The description should be written so that it tells the user what they
+need to know to decide whether to install the package. This
+description should not just be copied from the blurb for the program.
+Instructions for configuring or using the package should not be
+included "-" that is what installation scripts, manpages, Info files and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}} are for. Copyright statements and other
+administrivia should not be included "-" that is what
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/copyright"}} is for.
+@LP
+
+If you wish to include a list in your extended with entries which are
+a line or more each you must indent each entry by one space to make
+sure that it doesn't get wordwrapped. The start of each list entry
+should be marked with an asterisk, followed by a single space. You
+must wrap the list entries yourself to 75 columns, and should start
+continuation lines indented by three spaces so that they line up with
+the start of the text on the first line of each list entry.
+@LP
+
+See the programmers' manual for further requirements and pitfalls.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2}
+3.2.|0.5fe{ Locations of files}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The location of all installed files and directories must comply fully
+with the Linux File System Standard (FSSTND). The latest version of
+this document can be found alongside this manual or on
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"tsx"--"11.mit.edu"}} in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/pub/linux/docs/linux"--"standards/fsstnd/"}}. Specific questions
+about following the standard may be asked on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}}, or
+referred to Daniel Quinlan, the FSSTND coordinator, at
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"quinlan@yggdrasil.com">}}.
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.1}
+3.2.1.|0.5fe{ Manpages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+You must install manpages in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {nroff}} source form, in appropriate
+places under {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/man"}}. You should only use sections 1 to 9
+(see the FSSTND for more details). You must {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} install a
+preformatted `cat page'.
+@LP
+
+If no manual page is available for a particular program, utility or
+function and this is reported as a bug on "debian-bugs," a symbolic link
+from the requested manual page to the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {undocumented(7)}} manual page should be provided. This symbolic link can be
+created from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} like this:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+ln ""--"s" "../man7/undocumented.7" "\\"
+ "debian/tmp/usr/man/man[1"--"9]/the_requested_manpage.[1"--"9]"}}} //0.2fe
+
+This manpage claims that the lack of a manpage has been reported as a
+bug, so you may only do this if it really has (you can report it
+yourself, if you like). Do not close the bug report until a proper
+manpage is available.
+@LP
+
+You may forward a complaint about a missing manpage to the upstream
+authors, and mark the bug as forwarded in the Debian bug tracking
+system. Even though the GNU Project do not in general consider the
+lack of a manpage to be a bug, we do "-" if they tell you that they
+don't consider it a bug you should leave the bug in our bug tracking
+system open anyway.
+@LP
+
+Manpages should be installed compressed using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {gzip ""--"9"}}.
+@LP
+
+If one manpage needs to be accesssible via several names it is better
+to use a symbolic link than the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.so}} feature, but there is no need
+to fiddle with the relevant parts of the upstream source to change
+from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.so}} to symlinks "-" don't do it unless it's easy. Do not
+create hard links in the manual page directories, and do not put
+absolute filenames in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.so}} directives. The filename in a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.so}} in a manpage should be relative to the base of the manpage
+tree (usually {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/man"}}).
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.2}
+3.2.2.|0.5fe{ Info documents}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Info documents should be installed in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/info"}}. They should
+be compressed with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {gzip ""--"9"}}.
+@LP
+
+Your package must call {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"install"--"info"}} to update the Info {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dir}}
+file, in its "post-installation" script:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"install"--"info" ""--""--"quiet" ""--""--"section" Development Development "\\"
+ "/usr/info/foobar.info"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+It is a good idea to specify a section for the location of your
+program; this is done with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"section"}} switch. To determine
+which section to use, you should use look at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/info/dir"}} on
+your system and choose the most relevant (or create a new section if
+none of the current sections are relevant). Note that the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"section"}} flag takes two arguments; the first is a regular
+expression to match "(case-insensitively)" against an existing section,
+the second is used when creating a new one.
+@LP
+
+You must remove the entries in the "pre-removal" script:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"install"--"info" ""--""--"quiet" ""--""--"remove" "/usr/info/foobar.info"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+If {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"install"--"info"}} cannot find a description entry in the Info file
+you will have to supply one. See {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"install"--"info(8)"}}
+for details.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.3}
+3.2.3.|0.5fe{ Additional documentation}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Any additional documentation that comes with the package can be
+installed at the discretion of the package maintainer. Text
+documentation should be installed in a directory
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}}{@FootNote{ Where {{Times Slope} @Font {package}} is the
+name of the package.}} and compressed with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {gzip ""--"9"}}
+unless it is small.
+@LP
+
+If a package comes with large amounts of documentation which many
+users of the package will not require you should create a separate
+binary package to contain it, so that it does not take up disk space
+on the machines of users who do not need or want it installed.
+@LP
+
+It is often a good idea to put text information files ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {README}}s,
+changelogs, and so forth) that come with the source package in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}} in the binary package. However, don't
+install the instructions for building and installing the package, of
+course!
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.4}
+3.2.4.|0.5fe{ Preferred documentation formats}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The unification of Debian documentation is being carried out via HTML.
+@LP
+
+If your package comes with extensive documentation in a markup format
+that can be converted to various other formats you should if possible
+ship HTML versions in the binary package, in the directory
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}} or its subdirectories.
+@LP
+
+Other formats such as PostScript may be provided at your option.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +2p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.4.1}
+3.2.4.1.|0.5fe{ Examples}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Any examples (configurations, source files, whatever), should be
+installed in a directory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/examples"}}.
+These files should not be referenced by any program "-" they're there
+for the benefit of the system administrator and users, as
+documentation only.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-instchangelog}
+3.2.5.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/changelog.Debian.gz"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This installed file must contain a copy of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}}
+file from your Debian source tree.
+@LP
+
+It should be installed compressed using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {gzip ""--"9"}}, as it will
+become large with time even if it starts out small.
+@LP
+
+If the package has only one changelog which is used both as the Debian
+changelog and the upstream one because there is no separate upstream
+maintainer then the changelog should usually be installed as
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/changelog.gz"}} instead.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-copyrightfile}
+3.2.6.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/copyright"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This file must contain details of the authorship and copyright of the
+package. It must say where the upstream sources (if any) were
+obtained, and explain briefly what modifications were made in the
+Debian version of the package compared to the upstream one. It must
+name the original authors of the package and the Debian maintainer(s)
+who were involved with its creation.
+@LP
+
+It must contain the full text of the copyright notice and any
+acknowledgements for the program and the licence terms under which the
+program is distributed. If the package is distributed under the GNU
+General Public Licence, the GNU Library General Public Licence, the
+Regents of the University of California at Berkeley (BSD) licence or
+Larry Wall's Artistic Licence please say so instead of including a
+copy of the licence. The files {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {BSD}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {GPL}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {LGPL}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Artistic}} are be available in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright"}} for you
+to refer to.
+@LP
+
+The copyright file should not be compressed unless it is very large.
+@LP
+
+Do not use the copyright file as a general {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {README}} file. If your
+package has such a file it should be installed in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/README"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {README.Debian}} or some
+other appropriate place.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.7}
+3.2.7.|0.5fe{ Symbolic links}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Most symbolic links should be relative, not absolute. Absolute links,
+in general, cause problems when a file system is not mounted where it
+"\"normally\"" resides (for example, when mounted via NFS).
+@LP
+
+In particular, symlinks from one part of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr"}} to another
+should be relative.
+@LP
+
+In certain cases, however, relative links may cause more problems.
+For example, links into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var"}} should be
+absolute.
+@LP
+
+Note that when creating a relative link using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ln}} it is not
+necessary for the target of the link to exist relative to the working
+directory you're running {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ln}} from; nor is it necessary to change
+directory to the directory where the link is to be made. Simply
+include the string that should appear as the target of the link (this
+will be a pathname relative to the directory in which the link
+resides) as the first argument to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ln}}.
+@LP
+
+For example, in your {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Makefile}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}, do things
+like:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+ln ""--"fs" gcc "$(prefix)/bin/cc"
+ln ""--"fs" gcc "debian/tmp/usr/bin/cc"
+ln ""--"fs" "../sbin/sendmail" "$(prefix)/bin/runq"
+ln ""--"fs" "../sbin/sendmail" "debian/tmp/usr/bin/runq"}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.8}
+3.2.8.|0.5fe{ Logfiles}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Logfiles should usually be named
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/log/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}.log}}. If you have many logfiles,
+or need a separate directory for permissions reasons
+({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/log"}} is writeable only by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root}}), you should usually
+create a directory named {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/log/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}}.
+@LP
+
+Make sure that any logfiles are rotated occasionally using so that
+they don't grow indefinitely; the best way to do this is to use
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {savelog}} program in an {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/cron.daily"}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/cron.weekly"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/cron.monthly"}} script.
+@LP
+
+Make sure that any logfiles are removed when the package is purged
+(but not when it is only removed), by checking the argument to the
+postrm script (see the programmer's manual for details).
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.9}
+3.2.9.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}} "-" for the use of the system administrator}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+As mandated by the FSSTND no package should place any files in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}}, either by putting them in the filesystem archive to
+be unpacked by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} or by manipulating them in their maintainer
+scripts.
+@LP
+
+Every package that searches a number of directories or files for
+something (for example, looking for shared libraries in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/lib"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib"}}) should search an appropriate directory in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}} too.
+@LP
+
+In order that the system administrator may know where to place
+additional files a package should create an empty directory in the
+appropriate place in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}} by supplying it in the
+filesystem archive for unpacking by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}. The
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}} directory itself and all the subdirectories created
+by the package should have permissions 2775 "(group-writeable" and
+"set-group-id)" and be owned by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root.staff}}.
+@LP
+
+In the future it will be possible to tell {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} not to unpack
+files matching certain patterns, so that system administrators who do
+not wish these directories in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local"}} do not need to have
+them.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.3}
+3.3.|0.5fe{ Permissions and ownerships}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The rules in this section are guidelines for general use. If
+necessary you may deviate from the details below. However, if you do
+so you must make sure that what is done is secure and you must try to
+be as consistent as possible with the rest of the system. You should
+probably also discuss it on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}} first.
+@LP
+
+Files should be owned by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root.root}}, and made writeable only by
+the owner and universally readable (and executable, if appropriate).
+@LP
+
+Directories should be mode 755 or (for "group-writability)" mode 2775.
+The ownership of the directory should be consistent with its mode "-"
+if a directory is mode 2775, it should be owned by the group that
+needs write access to it.
+@LP
+
+Setuid and setgid executables should be mode 4755 or 2755
+respectively, and owned by the appropriate user or group. They should
+not be made unreadable (modes like 4711 or 2711 or even 4111); doing
+so achieves no extra security, because anyone can find the binary in
+the freely available Debian package "-" it is merely inconvenient. For
+the same reason you should not restrict read or execute permissions on
+"non-set-id" executables.
+@LP
+
+Some setuid programs need to be restricted to particular sets of
+users, using file permissions. In this case they should be owned by
+the uid to which they are "set-id," and by the group which should be
+allowed to execute them. They should have mode 4754; there is no
+point in making them unreadable to those users who must not be allowed
+to execute them.
+@LP
+
+Do not arrange that the system administrator can only reconfigure the
+package to correspond to their local security policy by changing the
+permissions on a binary. Ordinary files installed by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} (as
+opposed to conffiles and other similar objects) have their permissions
+reset to the distributed permissions when the package is reinstalled.
+Instead you should consider (for example) creating a group for people
+allowed to use the program(s) and making any setuid executables
+executable only by that group.
+@LP
+
+Shared libraries should be installed executable.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.4}
+3.4.|0.5fe{ Configuration files}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Any configuration files created or used by your package should reside
+in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc"}}. If there are several you should consider creating a
+subdirectory named after your package.
+@LP
+
+It is almost certain that any file in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc"}} that is in your
+package's filesystem archive should be listed in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {conffiles}} control area file. (See the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers'
+manual).
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.5}
+3.5.|0.5fe{ Maintainer scripts}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The package installation scripts should avoid producing output which
+it is unnecessary for the user to see and should rely on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} to
+stave off boredom on the part of a user installing many packages.
+This means, amongst other things, using the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"quiet"}} option on
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"install"--"info"}}.
+@LP
+
+Packages should try to minimise the amount of prompting they need to
+do, and they should ensure that the user will only every be asked each
+question once. This means that packages should try to use appropriate
+shared configuration files (such as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/papersize"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/news/server"}}, rather than each prompting for their own
+list of required pieces of information.
+@LP
+
+It also means that an upgrade should not ask the same questions again,
+unless the user has used {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"purge"}} to remove the package's
+configuration. The answers to configuration questions should be
+stored in an appropriate place in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc"}} so that the user can
+modify them, and how this has been done should be documented.
+@LP
+
+If a package has a vitally important piece of information to pass to
+the user (such as "\"don't" run me as I am, you must edit the following
+configuration files first or you risk your system emitting
+"badly-formatted" "messages\")," it should display this in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} script and prompt the user to hit return to
+acknowledge the message. Copyright messages do not count as vitally
+important (they belong in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright"}}); neither do
+instructions on how to use a program (these should be in on line
+documentation, where all the users can see them).
+@LP
+
+Any necessary prompting should almost always be confined to the
+"post-installation" script, and should be protected with a conditional
+so that unnecssary prompting doesn't happen if a package's
+installation fails and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} is called with
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"upgrade"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"remove"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"deconfigure"}}.
+@LP
+
+Errors which occur during the execution of an installation script
+{{Times Slope} @Font {must}} be checked and the installation {{Times Slope} @Font {must not}} continue after
+an error.
+@LP
+
+The section below on scripts in general applies to package maintainer
+scripts too.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.6}
+3.6.|0.5fe{ Scripts in general}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+All command scripts, including the package maintainer scripts inside
+the package and used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, should have a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#!"}} line naming
+the shell to be used to interpret them.
+@LP
+
+In the case of Perl scripts this should be {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#!/usr/bin/perl"}}.
+@LP
+
+Shell scripts ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {sh}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {bash}}) should almost certainly
+start with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {set ""--"e"}} so that errors are detected. Every script
+{{Times Slope} @Font {must}} use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {set ""--"e"}} or check the exit status of {{Times Slope} @Font {every}}
+command.
+@LP
+
+Perl scripts should check for errors when making any system calls,
+including {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {open}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {print}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {close}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rename}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {system}}.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {csh}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {tcsh}} should be avoided as scripting languages. See
+Csh Programming Considered Harmful, one of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {comp.unix.*}} FAQs.
+If an upstream package comes with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {csh}} scripts then you must make
+sure that they start with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#!/bin/csh"}} and make your package
+depend on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {csh}}.
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.7}
+3.7.|0.5fe{ Compilation options}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Generally the following compilation parameters should be used:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = ""--"O2" ""--"g" ""--"Wall" "#" sane warning options vary between programs
+LDFLAGS = "#" none
+install ""--"s" "#" (or use strip on the files in "debian/tmp)"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+Note that all installed binaries should be stripped, either by using
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"s"}} flag to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {install}}, or by calling {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {strip}} on the
+binaries after they have been copied into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"}} but
+before the tree is made into a package.
+@LP
+
+Make sure that you do not link with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"g"}}, as this makes a.out
+compilers produce huge statically linked binaries. The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"g"}} flag
+is useful on compilation so that you have available a full set of
+debugging symbols in your built source tree, in case anyone should
+file a bug report involving (for example) a core dump.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"N"}} flag should not be used. On a.out systems it may have
+been useful for some very small binaries, but for ELF it has no good
+effect.
+@LP
+
+It is up to the package maintainer to decide what compilation options
+are best for the package. Certain binaries (such as
+"computationally-intensive" programs) may function better with certain
+flags ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"O3"}}, for example); feel free to use them. Please use good
+judgment here. Don't use flags for the sake of it; only use them if
+there is good reason to do so. Feel free to override the upstream
+author's ideas about which compilation options are best "-" they are
+often inappropriate for our environment.
+@LP
+
+Please make sure that you use only released versions of shared
+libraries to build your packages; otherwise other users will not be
+able to run your binaries properly. Producing source packages that
+depend on unreleased compilers is also usually a bad idea.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.8}
+3.8.|0.5fe{ Shared library packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Packages involving shared libraries should be split up into several
+binary packages.
+@LP
+
+For a straightforward library which has a development environment and
+a runtime kit including just shared libraries you need to create two
+packages: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {libraryname}}}}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {soname}}}}}}{@FootNote{ {{Times Slope} @Font {soname}} is
+the shared object name of the shared library "-" it's the thing that has
+to match exactly between building an executable and running it for the
+dynamic linker to be able run the program. Usually the {{Times Slope} @Font {soname}}
+is the major number of the library.}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {libraryname}}}}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {soname}}}}""--"dev"}}.
+@LP
+
+If you prefer only to support one development version time you may
+name the development package {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {libraryname}}}}""--"dev"}}; otherwise you
+may wish to use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s conflicts mechanism to ensure that the
+user only installs one development version at a time (after all,
+different development versions are likely to have the same header
+files in them, causing a filename clash if both are installed).
+Typically the development version will also need an exact version
+dependency on the runtime library, to make sure that compilation and
+linking happens correctly.
+@LP
+
+Packages which use the shared library should have a dependency on the
+name of the shared library package,
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {libraryname}}}}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {soname}}}}}}. When the {{Times Slope} @Font {soname}} changes you
+can have both versions of the library installed while moving from the
+old library to the new.
+@LP
+
+If your package has some "run-time" support programs which use the
+shared library you must {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} put them in the shared library
+package. If you do that then you won't be able to install several
+versions of the shared library without getting filename clashes.
+Instead, either create a third package for the runtime binaries (this
+package might typically be named {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {libraryname}}}}""--"runtime"}} "-" note
+the absence of the {{Times Slope} @Font {soname}} in the package name) or if the
+development package is small include them in there.
+@LP
+
+If you have several shared libraries built from the same source tree
+you can lump them all togther into a single shared library package,
+provided that you change all their {{Times Slope} @Font {soname}}s at once (so that you
+don't get filename clashes if you try to install different versions of
+the combined shared libraries package).
+@LP
+
+Follow the directions in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers' manual for
+putting the shared library in its package, and make sure you include a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {shlibs}} control area file with details of the dependencies for
+packages which use the library.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.9}
+3.9.|0.5fe{ Application configuration files, dotfiles and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Files in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}} will automatically be copied into new user
+accounts by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {adduser}}. They should not be referenced there by
+any program.
+@LP
+
+Therefore, if a program needs a dotfile to exist in advance in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {$HOME}} to work sensibly that dotfile should be installed in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}} (and listed in conffiles, if it is not generated and
+modified dynamically by the package's installation scripts).
+@LP
+
+However, programs that require dotfiles in order to operate sensibly
+(dotfiles that they do not create themselves automatically, that is)
+are a bad thing, and programs should be configured by the Debian
+default installation as close to normal as possible.
+@LP
+
+Therefore, if a program in a Debian package needs to be configured in
+some way in order to operate sensibly that configuration should be
+done in a "site-wide" global configuration file elsewhere in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc"}}. Only if the program doesn't support a "site-wide" default
+configuration and the package maintainer doesn't have time to add it
+should a default "per-user" file be placed in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}}.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/skel"}} should be as empty as we can make it. This is
+particularly true because there is no easy mechanism for ensuring that
+the appropriate dotfiles are copied into the accounts of existing
+users when a package is installed.
+@LP
+
+Ideally the sysadmin should ideally not have to do any configuration
+other than that done "(semi-)automatically" by the postinst script.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-mail}
+3.10.|0.5fe{ Mail processing on Debian systems}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Debian packages which process electronic mail, whether
+"mail-user-agents" (MUAs) or "mail-transport-agents" (MTAs), {{Times Slope} @Font {must}}
+make sure that they are compatible with the configuration decisions
+below. Failure to do this may result in lost mail, broken {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {From:}}
+lines, and other serious brain damage!
+@LP
+
+The mail spool is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/spool/mail"}} and the interface to send a
+mail message is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin/sendmail"}} (as per the FSSTND). The
+mail spool is part of the base system and not part of the MTA package.
+@LP
+
+Mailboxes are locked using the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {username}}}}.lock}} lockfile
+convention, rather than {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {fcntl}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {flock}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {lockf}}.
+@LP
+
+Mailboxes are generally 660 {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {user}}}}.mail}} unless the user has
+chosen otherwise. A MUA may remove a mailbox (unless it has
+nonstandard permissions) in which case the MTA or another MUA must
+recreate it if needed. Mailboxes must be writeable by group mail.
+@LP
+
+The mail spool is 2775 {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {mail.mail}}, and MUA's need to be setgid
+mail to do the locking mentioned above (and obviously need to avoid
+accessing other users' mailboxes using this privilege).
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/aliases"}} is the source file for the system mail aliases
+(e.g. postmaster, usenet, etc.) "-" it is the one which the sysadmin
+and postinst scripts may edit. After {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/aliases"}} is edited
+the program or human editing it must call {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {newaliases}}. All MTA
+packages should come with a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {newaliases}} program, even if it does
+nothing, but older MTA packages do not do this so programs should not
+fail if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {newaliases}} cannot be found.
+@LP
+
+The convention of writing {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {forward to {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {address}}}}}} in the mailbox
+itself is not supported. Use a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.forward}} file instead.
+@LP
+
+The location for the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rmail}} program used by UUCP for incoming
+mail is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin/rmail"}}, as per the FSSTND. Likewise,
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rsmtp}}, for receiving "batch-SMTP-over-UUCP," is in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin/rsmtp"}} if it is supported.
+@LP
+
+If you need to know what name to use (for example) on outgoing news
+and mail messages which are generated locally, you should use the file
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/mailname"}}. It will contain the portion after the username
+and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"@"}} (at) sign for email addresses of users on the machine
+(followed by a newline).
+@LP
+
+A package should check for the existence of this file. If it exists
+it should use it without comment.{@FootNote{ An MTA's prompting
+configuration script may wish to prompt the user even if it finds this
+file exists.}} If it does not exist it should prompt the user
+for the value and store it in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/mailname"}} as well as using it
+in the package's configuration. The prompt should make it clear that
+the name will not just be used by that package. E.g., in this
+situation the INN package says:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Please enter the `mail name' of your system. This is the hostname
+portion of the address to be shown on outgoing news and mail messages.
+The default is {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {syshostname}}}}, your system's host name.
+Mail name [`{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {syshostname}}}}']:}}} //0.2fe
+
+where {{Times Slope} @Font {syshostname}} is the output of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hostname ""--"fqdn"}}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.11}
+3.11.|0.5fe{ Packages which can use the X shared libraries}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Some programs can be configured with or without support for X Windows.
+Typically these binaries produced when configured for X will need the
+X shared libraries to run.
+@LP
+
+Such programs should be configured {{Times Slope} @Font {with}} X support, and should
+declare a dependency on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"elf"--"x11r6lib"}} (for the X11R6 libraries).
+Users who wish to use the program can install just the relatively
+small {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {xlib}} package, and do not need to install the whole of X.
+@LP
+
+Do not create two versions (one with X support and one without) of
+your package.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.12}
+3.12.|0.5fe{ Games}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The permissions on "/var/lib/games" are 755 {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root.root}}.
+@LP
+
+Each game decides on its own security policy.
+@LP
+
+Games which require protected, privileged access to "high-score" files,
+savegames, "&"c, must be made "set-"{{Times Slope} @Font {group}}"-id" (mode 2755) and
+owned by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root.games}}, and use files and directories with
+appropriate permissions (770 {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {root.games}}, for example). They must
+{{Times Slope} @Font {not}} be made "set-"{{Times Slope} @Font {user}}"-id," as this causes security
+problems.{@FootNote{ If an attacker can subvert any "set-user-id" game
+they can overwrite the executable of any other, causing other players
+of these cames to run a trojan. With a "set-group-id" game the attacker
+only gets access to less important game data, and if they can get at
+the other players' accounts at all it will take considerably more
+effort.}}
+@LP
+
+Some packages, for example some fortune cookie programs, are
+configured by the upstream authors to install with their data files or
+other static information made unreadable so that they can only be
+accessed through "set-id" programs provided. Do not do this in a Debian
+package: anyone can download the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} file and read the data from
+it, so there is no point making the files unreadable. Not making the
+files unreadable also means that you don't have to make so many
+programs "set-id," which reduces the risk of a security hole.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.13}
+3.13.|0.5fe{ Allocating "package-specific" users and groups}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+If you need to create a new user or group for your package there are
+two possibilities. Firstly, you may need to make some files in the
+binary package be owned by this user or group, or you may need to
+compile the user or group id (rather than just the name) into the
+binary (though this latter should be avoided if possible). In this
+case you need a statically allocated id.
+@LP
+
+You must ask for a user or group id from the base system maintainer,
+and must not release the package until you have been allocated one.
+Once you have been allocated one you must make the package depend
+on a version of the base system with the id present in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/passwd"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/group"}}, or alternatively arrange
+for your package to create the user or group itself with the correct
+id (using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {adduser}}) in its "pre-" or "post-installation" script (the
+latter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+@LP
+
+On the other hand, the program may able to determine the uid or gid
+from the group name at runtime, so that a dynamic id can be used. In
+this case you must choose an appropriate user or group name,
+discussing this on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}} and checking with the base system
+maintainer that it is unique and that they do not wish you to use a
+statically allocated id instead. When this has been checked you must
+arrange for your package to create the user or group if necessary
+using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {adduser}} in the "pre-" or "post-installation" script (again, the
+latter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+@LP
+
+Note that changing the numeric value of an id associated with a name
+is very difficult, and involves searching the filesystem for all
+appropriate files. You need to think carefully whether a static or
+dynamic id is required, since changing your mind later will cause
+problems.
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-sourcepkg}
+4.|0.5fe{ Source package
+}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.1}
+4.1.|0.5fe{ Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Under certain circumstances it is necessary for someone other than the
+usual package maintainer to make a release of a package. For example,
+a porter for another architecture may have to make some small changes
+to the source package and does not wish to wait with uploading their
+release until the main maintainer has incorporated the patch, or a
+serious security problem may have come to light requiring immediate
+attention.
+@LP
+
+Maintainers other than the usual package maintainer should make as few
+changes to the package as possible, and they should always send a
+unified context diff ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {diff ""--"u"}}) detailing their changes to the bug
+tracking system properly flagged with the correct package so that the
+usual maintainer is kept aware of the situation.
+@LP
+
+When someone other than the usual maintainer releases a package they
+should add a new component to the {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} component of
+the version number "-" that is, the portion after the (last) hyphen.
+This extra component will start at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1}}. This is to avoid
+`stealing' one of the usual maintainer's version numbers, possibly
+disrupting their work. If there is no {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} component
+in the version number then one should be created, starting at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1}}.
+@LP
+
+If it is absolutely necessary for someone other than the usual
+maintainer to make a release based on a new upstream version then the
+person making the release should start with the {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}}
+value {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {0.1}}. The usual maintainer of a package should start their
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} numbering at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1}}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.2}
+4.2.|0.5fe{ Standards conformance and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+You should specify the most recent version of the packaging standards
+with which your package complies in the source package's
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}} field.
+@LP
+
+This value will be used to file bug reports automatically if your
+package becomes too much out of date.
+@LP
+
+The value corresponds to a version of the Debian manuals, as can be
+found on the title page or page headers and footers (depending on the
+format). The value for this version of the manuals and packaging
+standards is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}.
+@LP
+
+The version number has four components "-" major and minor number and
+major and minor patchlevel. When the standards change in a way that
+requires every package to change the major number will be changed.
+Significant changes that will require work in many packages will be
+signaled by a change to the minor number. The major patchlevel will
+be changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however
+small; the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic,
+typographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+@LP
+
+You should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of
+date, install the most recent version of dpkg and read
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog"--"manuals"}} to see which changes, if any,
+are relevant. If any are relevant you should look up the relevant
+section in the policy or programmers' manuals and update your package.
+When your package complies with the new standards you may update the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}} source package field and release it.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.3}
+4.3.|0.5fe{ Documentation and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {changelog}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Document your changes and updates to the source package properly in
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} file.
+@LP
+
+A copy of the file which will be installed in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/copyright"}} should be in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/copyright"}}.
+@LP
+
+In "non-experimental" packages you may only use a format for
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} which is supported by the most recent released
+version of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}. If your format is not supported and there is
+general support for it you should contact the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} maintainer
+to have the parser script for your format included in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+package.{@FootNote{ You will need to agree that the parser and its
+manpage may be distributed under the GNU GPL, just as the rest of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} is.}}
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.4}
+4.4.|0.5fe{ Changes to the upstream sources}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+If you need to edit a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Makefile}} where "GNU-style" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {configure}}
+scripts are used, you should edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.in}} files rather than
+editing the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Makefile}} directly. This allows the user to
+reconfigure the package if necessary. You should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} configure
+the package and edit the generated {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Makefile}}! This makes it
+impossible for someone else to later reconfigure the package.
+@LP
+
+If changes to the source code are made that are generally applicable
+please try to get them included in the upstream version of the package
+by supplying the upstream authors with the changes in whatever form
+they prefer.
+@LP
+
+If you need to configure the package differently for Debian or for
+Linux, and the upstream source doesn't provide a way to configure it
+the way you need to, please add such configuration facilities (for
+example, a new {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {autoconf}} test or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#define"}}) and send the
+patch to the upstream authors, with the default set to the way they
+originally had it. You can then easily override the default in your
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} or wherever is appropriate.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.5}
+4.5.|0.5fe{ Error trapping in makefiles}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {make}} invokes a command in a makefile (including your
+package's upstream makefiles and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}) it does so
+using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {sh}}. This means that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {sh}}'s usual bad error handling
+properties apply: if you include a miniature script as one of the
+commands in your makefile you'll find that if you don't do anything
+about it then errors are not detected and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {make}} will blithely
+continue after problems.
+@LP
+
+Every time you put more than one shell command (this includes using a
+loop) in a makefile command you {{Times Slope} @Font {must}} make sure that errors are
+trapped. For simple compound commands, such as changing directory and
+then running a program, using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"&""&"}} rather than semicolon as
+a command separator is sufficient. For more complex commands
+including most loops and conditionals you must include a separate
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {set ""--"e"}} command at the start of every makefile command that's
+actually one of these miniature shellscripts.
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-developer}
+5.|0.5fe{ How to become a Debian developer
+}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s5.1}
+5.1.|0.5fe{ Before you start work}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+So, you've read all the documentation, you understand what everything
+in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hello}} example package is for, and you're about to
+Debianise your favourite package. How do you actually become a Debian
+developer so that your work can be incorporated into the Project?
+@LP
+
+Firstly, subscribe to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}} if you haven't already.
+Send the word {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {subscribe}} in the {{Times Slope} @Font {Subject}} of a mail to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"debian"--"devel"--"REQUEST@lists.debian.org">}}. In case of problems
+contact the list administrator, Anders Chrigstrom {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"ac@netg.se">}}.
+@LP
+
+You should to subscribe and lurk for a bit before doing any coding,
+and you should post about your intentions to work on something to
+avoid duplicated effort.
+@LP
+
+If you do not have a PGP key yet generate one. You should probably
+read the PGP manual, as it has much important information which is
+critical to its security. Many more security failures are due to
+human error than to software failure or "high-powered" spy techniques.
+@LP
+
+If you live in a country where use of cryptography even for signing is
+forbidden then please contact us so we can make special arrangements.
+This does not apply in France, where I believe only encryption and not
+signing is forbidden.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s5.2}
+5.2.|0.5fe{ When you have a package to upload}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When you have your package ready to be uploaded you must send a
+message to the project leader, Bruce Perens {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"bruce@pixar.com">}},
+the administrator of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {master.debian.org}}, Simon Shapiro
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"shimon@i"--"connect.net">}}, the mailing list administrator, Anders
+Chrigstrom {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"ac@netg.se">}} and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} maintainer, Ian
+Jackson {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<"ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu">}}.
+@LP
+
+The message should say what you've done and who you are, and should
+ask for an account on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {master}} and to be subscribed to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"private"}} (the "developers-only" mailing list). It should
+contain your PGP key (extracted using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {pgp ""--"kxa"}}) for the database
+of keys which is shipped with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}.
+
+When you have your personal account on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {master}} log in and
+transfer the files to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/home/Debian/ftp/private/project/Incoming"}}. You cannot upload
+to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Incoming}} on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {master}} using anonymous FTP.
+@LP
+
+You can also upload files to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Incoming}} via a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {cron}}"-driven"
+upload queue in Europe on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk}}. For details
+connect to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {chiark}} using anonymous FTP and read
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/pub/debian/private/project/README.how"--"to"--"upload"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-changesfiles}
+5.3.|0.5fe{ Upload handling "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} files}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When a package is uploaded to the Debian FTP archive, it must be
+accompanied by a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file which gives directions for its
+handling. This is usually generated by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}}.
+@LP
+
+This file is a control file with the following fields:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Format}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Date}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Binary}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Distribution}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Urgency}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Changes}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+All of them are mandatory for a Debian upload. See the list of
+control fields in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers' manual for the contents
+of these fields.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-mailinglists}
+6.|0.5fe{ The Debian mailing lists}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The mailing list server is at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {lists.debian.org}}. Mail
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {foo}}}}""--"REQUEST@lists.debian.org"}}{@FootNote{ where
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {foo}}}}}} is the name of the list}} with the word
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {subscribe}} in the Subject to subscribe or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {unsubscribe}} to
+unsubscribe.
+@LP
+
+When replying to messages on the mailing list, please do not send a
+carbon copy ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {CC}} "-" this does not mean `courtesy copy') to the
+original poster. Anyone who posts to a mailing list should read it to
+see the responses.
+@LP
+
+As ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're
+replying to.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-conversion}
+7.|0.5fe{ Conversion procedure from old source packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This is a brief summary of the procedure for converting a
+"pre-2.0.0.0-format" source package into the new format.
+@LP
+
+You are strongly advised to download and examine the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hello}}
+package, and to read the section in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers'
+manual describing the source packaging tools. More detail about the
+exact functionality of these tools is available in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source(1)"}}.
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+@ListItem {
+Download the original source code from wherever it can be found and do
+any rearrangement required to make it look like the original tree of
+the Debian source. Put it in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}".orig/"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}_{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}.orig.tar.gz}}.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Rename all files {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian.*}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/*"}}. There may be some
+exceptions to this, but this is a good start.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} "-" create or rename it if necessary.
+Add a new revision to the top with the appropriate details, and a
+local variables entry to the bottom to set Emacs to the right mode:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Local variables:
+mode: "debian"--"changelog"
+End:}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}}:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Remove the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Add the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}} field.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Add the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Change the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {any}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {all}} or whatever. If there isn't an {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}} field add
+one.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}'s variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Remove the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {source}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {diff}} and any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {changes}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dist}} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Split the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"indep"}}; in many cases all of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"arch"}}. Create the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target and the unused of
+the two other {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hello}} package.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Change the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target to use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {chown}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {chmod}} in
+the target.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Change occurrences of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Change occurrences of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/*"}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Check that the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/README"}} is really the copyright file, and
+if so rename it to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/copyright"}} and edit
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} to cope with this and to change the installation
+of the copyright file from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/copyright"}}
+instead of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}}. If it isn't then
+find {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/copyright"}} and decide what to do with the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {README}}.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package_Revision}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"--"Revision"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Revision}} fields.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Rename {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Optional}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommended}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Change {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}"/examples"}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Look everything over.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Do a test build using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage" ""--"ur" ""--"uc" ""--"r"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {whatever}}}}}}.
+Check the permissions and locations of files in the resulting package
+by eyeballing the output of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb" ""--""--"contents"}}, and check that
+the source build happened OK. Test install the binary package(s) and
+test extract the source package(s).
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Sign the release: either "re-run" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage"}} (this will
+rebuild the package entirely), or "PGP-sign" the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}, rebuild the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}}, and then "PGP-sign" the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}}.
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+@End @Text
--- /dev/null
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginTheoremCounter {}}
+{@LVis @TheoremCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3278.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginDefinitionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @DefinitionCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3336.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginClaimCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ClaimCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3391.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginPropositionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @PropositionCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3445.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginLemmaCounter {}}
+{@LVis @LemmaCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3500.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginCorollaryCounter {}}
+{@LVis @CorollaryCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3554.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginExampleCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ExampleCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3609.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{Yes @LVis @BeginDisplayCounter {}}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{Yes @LVis @BeginDisplayCounter {}}
+{?? @LVis @Then ??}
+{@LVis y}
+@LClos
+{@LVis @NumDispCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "1400.policy.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FigurePrefixMarker
+ @Tag { "4153.policy.lout.1" }
+ prefix { }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FigureCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "4161.policy.lout.1" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @TablePrefixMarker
+ @Tag { "4334.policy.lout.1" }
+ prefix { }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @TableCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "4342.policy.lout.1" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginDefinitionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @DefinitionCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3336.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginClaimCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ClaimCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3391.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginPropositionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @PropositionCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3445.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginLemmaCounter {}}
+{@LVis @LemmaCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3500.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginCorollaryCounter {}}
+{@LVis @CorollaryCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3554.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginExampleCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ExampleCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3609.policy.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @PageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+ extra { Yes }
+1}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+ extra { Yes }
+ @AtTop { @LVis @AtTop }
+1}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.1" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.1" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{Start @Runner
+ @Tag { "1954.policy.lout.3" }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @PageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+ extra { Yes }
+1}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+ extra { Yes }
+ @AtTop { @LVis @AtTop }
+1}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+2}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.2" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.2" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+3}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.3" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.3" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+3}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+4}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.4" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.4" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.1" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.1" }
+{That any user be able to rebuild any package in the official Debian
+distribution from the original source plus our patches.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.2" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.2" }
+{That we make available in our packaging formats as much software as we
+can.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.3" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.3" }
+{That it be easy for people to make CDROMs of our distribution without
+violating copyrights.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+5}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.5" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.5" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.1" }
+{This applies in
+the United States, too.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.1"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.6" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.1"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.1" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+5}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+6}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.6" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.7" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+7}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.7" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.8" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.2" }
+{In a sense everything is optional that
+isn't required, but that's not what is meant here.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.2"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.9" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.2"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.2" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+7}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+8}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.8" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.10" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+9}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.9" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.11" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.3" }
+{Where {Times Slope} @Font package is the
+name of the package.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.3"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.12" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.3"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.3" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+9}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+10}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.10" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.13" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+11}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.11" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.14" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+11}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+12}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.12" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.15" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+13}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.13" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.16" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+13}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+14}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.14" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.17" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.4" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font soname is
+the shared object name of the shared library "-" it's the thing that has
+to match exactly between building an executable and running it for the
+dynamic linker to be able run the program. Usually the {Times Slope} @Font soname
+is the major number of the library.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.4"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.18" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.4"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.4" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+15}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.15" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.19" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+15}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+16}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.16" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.20" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.5" }
+{An MTA's prompting
+configuration script may wish to prompt the user even if it finds this
+file exists.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.5"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.21" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.5"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.5" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+17}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.17" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.22" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.6" }
+{If an attacker can subvert any "set-user-id" game
+they can overwrite the executable of any other, causing other players
+of these cames to run a trojan. With a "set-group-id" game the attacker
+only gets access to less important game data, and if they can get at
+the other players' accounts at all it will take considerably more
+effort.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.6"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.23" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.6"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.6" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+17}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+18}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.18" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.24" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+19}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.19" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.25" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+19}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+20}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.20" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.26" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.7" }
+{You will need to agree that the parser and its
+manpage may be distributed under the GNU GPL, just as the rest of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} is.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.7"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.27" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.7"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.7" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+21}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.21" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.28" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+21}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+22}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.22" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.29" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.4" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.4" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.5" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.5" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.6" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.6" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.7" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.7" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.8" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.8" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.9" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.9" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.10" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.10" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 8}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.11" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.11" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 9}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.12" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.12" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 10}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.13" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.13" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 11}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.14" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.14" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 12}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.15" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.15" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+23}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.23" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.30" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.8" }
+{where
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font foo}}}} is the name of the list}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.8"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.31" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.policy.lout.8"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.policy.lout.8" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+23}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+24}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.24" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.32" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.16" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.16" }
+{Download the original source code from wherever it can be found and do
+any rearrangement required to make it look like the original tree of
+the Debian source. Put it in
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}{""{--}""}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font "upstream-version"}}".orig/"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}_{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font "upstream-version"}}{.orig.tar.gz}}}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.17" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.17" }
+{Rename all files {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {debian.*}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}. There may be some
+exceptions to this, but this is a good start.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.18" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.18" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.19" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.20" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.20" }
+{Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.21" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.21" }
+{Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.22" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.22" }
+{Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.23" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.23" }
+{Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.24" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.24" }
+{Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.25" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.19" }
+{"Edit/create" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/control"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Version} field. If it is generated unusually (not
+equal to the source version) you must use the "-v" option to
+"dpkg-gencontrol" (see below). {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Priority}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Maintainer} go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.}
+// @LVis listitem {Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,
+separating the source package fields from the binary package
+fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Source} field.}
+// @LVis listitem {Add the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"{--}"Version"}} field. The current value is
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {0.2.0.0}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field for each package to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font any}},
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font all} or whatever. If there isn't an {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Architecture} field add
+one.}
+// @LVis listitem {If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.25" }
+{If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary
+control files use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}}}{'s} variable substitution
+features to achieve the same effect. Use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/substvars"} if
+you need to put "unusally-generated" information (apart from details of
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files) in the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file too.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.26" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.27" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.27" }
+{Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.28" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.28" }
+{Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.29" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.29" }
+{Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.30" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.30" }
+{Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.31" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.31" }
+{Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.32" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.32" }
+{Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.33" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.26" }
+{Edit the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font source} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font diff} and any {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font changes} and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dist} targets. These things now happen in a "package-independent"
+way and are not done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Split the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target into {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"indep"}}}; in many cases all of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} should go into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"arch"}}}. Create the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target and the unused of
+the two other {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"{--}"*"}} targets if there is one "-" you can copy
+the ones from the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font hello} package.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font binary} target to use {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"{--}"gencontrol"}} to make
+the package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been
+installed but just before the last {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chown} and {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font chmod} in
+the target.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"{--}"tmp"}} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/tmp"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change occurrences of {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}"} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/*"}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.}
+// @LVis listitem {Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.33" }
+{Ensure that the package's "Debian-specific" and upstream changelogs are
+installed.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+25}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.policy.lout.25" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.policy.lout.33" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@OptGall {1 35 38 15 31 29 53 53 48 45 48 46 45 44 40 46 40 43 18 38
+39 29 37 9 48 31}}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.34" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.34" }
+{Check that the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/README"} is really the copyright file, and
+if so rename it to {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/copyright"} and edit
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/rules"} to cope with this and to change the installation
+of the copyright file from {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/copyright"}}
+instead of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}}}. If it isn't then
+find {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font "debian/copyright"} and decide what to do with the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font README}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.35" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.36" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.36" }
+{Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.37" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.37" }
+{Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.38" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.38" }
+{Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.39" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.39" }
+{Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+// @LVis listitem {Remove any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Package_Revision}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"{--}"Revision"}} or
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Revision} fields.}
+// @LVis listitem {Rename {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Optional} to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Suggests}}, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommended} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Recommends}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Change {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/examples/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}}} to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package}}"/examples"}}}.}
+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
+"well-formatted" and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know
+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.policy.lout.40" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.policy.lout.35" }
+{Check for various other anachronisms and problems:
+//{1.0vx} @RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }
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+// @LVis listitem {Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.}
+// @LVis listitem {Check that the description has an extended description, is
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+whether to install a package.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
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+{@LVis listitem
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+{Check that the description has an extended description, is
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+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
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+}
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+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
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+{@LVis @NumberMarker
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+{@LEnv
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+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
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+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
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+{NonStart @Runner
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+ xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc
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+%%Trailer
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+%%+ font Times-Roman
+%%+ font Times-Italic
+%%+ font Times-Bold
+%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp
+%%+ procset LoutMarginNotes
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+%%Pages: 25
+%%EOF
--- /dev/null
+L12 policy.sgml
+(DEBIANDOC
+(BOOK
+L14
+(TITLEPAG
+(TITLE
+-Debian policy manual
+L15
+)TITLE
+(AUTHOR
+(NAME
+-Ian Jackson
+)NAME
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+L16
+)AUTHOR
+(VERSION
+-version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7),
+(DATE
+)DATE
+-\n
+L18
+)VERSION
+(ABSTRACT
+L19
+-This manual describes the policy requirements which must be satisfied\nfor a package to be included in the Debian distribution. This\nincludes details of the permissions and ownerships of files in\npackages and other technical requirements as well as information like\nthe upload procedure.
+L24
+)ABSTRACT
+L26
+(COPYRIGHT
+(COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+-Copyright \|©\|1996 Ian Jackson.
+L27
+)COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+(P
+L28
+-\nThis manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it\nunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\nFree Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any\nlater version.
+L33
+)P
+(P
+L34
+-\nThis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n
+(EM
+-without any warranty
+)EM
+-; without even the implied warranty of\nmerchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU\nGeneral Public License for more details.
+L39
+)P
+(P
+L40
+-\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with\nyour Debian GNU/Linux system, in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/GPL
+)TT
+-, or\nwith the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- source package as the file
+(TT
+-COPYING
+)TT
+-. If\nnot, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,\nCambridge, MA 02139, USA.\n
+L47
+)P
+)COPYRIGHT
+)TITLEPAG
+ADETAIL TOKEN SECT
+(TOC
+)TOC
+AID CDATA scope
+L49
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L50
+)HEADING
+(P
+L51
+-\nThis manual describes the criteria that a Debian-format package must\nsatisfy to be included in the Debian distribution.
+L54
+)P
+(P
+L55
+-\nMuch of this information will be useful even when building a package\nwhich is to be distributed in some other way or is for local use.
+L58
+)P
+(P
+L59
+-\nThis manual does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- describe the technical mechanisms involved\nin package creation, installation and removal. This information can\nbe found in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual and the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- system\nadministrators' manual.
+L64
+)P
+(P
+L65
+-\nThis document assumes familiarity with these other two manuals.\nUnfortunately the system administrators' manual does not exist yet.
+L68
+)P
+(P
+L69
+-\nThe Debian version of the FSF's GNU
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- program is provided\nas an example for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+L72
+)P
+(P
+L73
+-\n
+(EM
+-Note that this document is still a draft!
+)EM
+-\n
+L76
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA pkgcopyright
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Package copyright
+L77
+)HEADING
+(P
+L78
+-\nPlease study the copyright of your submission
+(EM
+-carefully
+)EM
+- and\nunderstand it before proceeding. If you have doubts or questions,\nplease ask.
+L82
+)P
+(P
+L83
+-\nThe aims of the policy detailed below are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L86
+(ITEM
+L87
+(P
+-That any user be able to rebuild any package in the official Debian\ndistribution from the original source plus our patches.
+L89
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L90
+(P
+-That we make available in our packaging formats as much software as we\ncan.
+L92
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L93
+(P
+-That it be easy for people to make CDROMs of our distribution without\nviolating copyrights.
+L95
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L96
+)P
+(P
+L97
+-\nAll packages in the Debian distribution proper must be freely useable,\nmodifiable and redistributable in both source and binary form. It\nmust be possible for anyone to distribute and use modified source code\nand their own own compiled binaries, at least when they do so as part\nof a Debian distribution.
+L103
+)P
+(P
+L104
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do\nnot allow distribution and copying for profit, without restriction on\nthe amount charged, or where distribution is restricted according to\nthe medium used, or where the distributor must ask any kind of special\npermission of the authors, or with other onerous conditions, may only\nbe placed in the semi-supported non-free section of the Debian FTP\narchives. This is important so that CDROM manufacturers can\ndistribute Debian without having to check the copyright of each\npackage individually, simply by leaving out the contents of the\nnon-free area; CDROM distributors are encouraged, though, to check the\ncopyrights on programs in non-free individually and include as many as\nthey can.
+L117
+)P
+(P
+L118
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) allow\nonly distribution of compiled binaries (and thus of which only\nbinaries are available), or where the source code which may be\ndistributed is not the complete source code required to compile the\nprogram (ie, the program cannot be compiled using only packages in the\nmain Debian distribution), or which depend for their use on non-free\nor contrib packages, or allow free use only for a trial period\n(shareware), or are demonstration programs lacking vital functionality\n(crippleware), or are only installer-packages which require the user\nto supply a separate file to be installed, or which fail to meet some\nother policy requirements, may only be placed in the semi-supported\ncontrib section of the Debian FTP archives (unless they need to be in\nnon-free - see above).
+L132
+)P
+(P
+L133
+-\nPrograms whose authors encourage the user to make donations are fine\nfor the main distribution, provided that the authors do not claim that\nnot donating is immoral, unethical, illegal or something similar;\notherwise they must go in contrib (or non-free, if even distribution\nis restricted by such statements).
+L139
+)P
+(P
+L140
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do\nnot allow redistribution even of only binaries, and where no special\npermission has been obtained, cannot placed on the Debian FTP site and\nits mirrors at all.
+L145
+)P
+(P
+L146
+-\nNote that under international copyright law
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This applies in\nthe United States, too.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-
+(EM
+-no
+)EM
+- distribution or modification\nof a work is allowed without an explicit notice saying so. Therefore\na program without a copyright notice
+(EM
+-is
+)EM
+- copyrighted and you may\nnot do anything to it without risking being sued! Likewise if a\nprogram has a copyright notice but no statement saying what is\npermitted then nothing is permitted.
+L154
+)P
+(P
+L155
+-\nMany authors are unaware of the problems that restrictive copyrights\n(or lack of copyright notices) can cause for the users of their\nsupposedly-free software. It is often worthwhile contacting such\nauthors diplomatically to ask them to modify their terms generally, or\nspecially for Debian. However, this is a politically difficult thing\nto do and you should ask for advice on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- first.
+L162
+)P
+(P
+L163
+-\nWhen in doubt, send mail to
+(EMAIL
+-debian-devel@lists.debian.org
+)EMAIL
+-. Be\nprepared to provide us with the copyright statement. Software covered\nby the GPL, public domain software and BSD-like copyrights are safe;\nbe wary of the phrases `commercial use prohibited' and `distribution\nrestricted'.
+L169
+)P
+(P
+L170
+-\nEvery package submission
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- be accompanied by verbatim copy of\nits copyright (with the exceptions of public domain packages and those\ncovered by the UCB BSD licence or the GNU GPL or LGPL; in these cases\nsimply indicate which is appropriate). This information must be\nincluded in a file installed by the binary package - see
+AID CDATA copyrightfile
+(REF
+)REF
+L176
+-.\n
+L178
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Contents of the binary package\n
+L180
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Control file requirements\n
+L182
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- information
+L183
+)HEADING
+(P
+L184
+-\nAll packages must have a
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- field with the correct name\nand a working email address for the Debian maintainer of the package.\nIf one person maintains several packages they should try to avoid\nhaving different forms of their name and address in different\n
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- fields.\n
+L191
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies and virtual packages
+L192
+)HEADING
+(P
+L193
+-\nAdd a dependency for any shared libraries required by\ndynamically-linked executable binaries in your package. Almost every\npackage containing compiled C code should therefore include a\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- field which mentions the shared C library required for\nthe program to run. For ELF binaries linked against
+(TT
+-libc.so.5
+)TT
+-\nthe relevant package name is
+(TT
+-libc5
+)TT
+-.
+L200
+)P
+(P
+L201
+-\nAll packages must use virtual package names where appropriate, and\narrange to create new ones if necessary. They must not use virtual\npackage names (except privately, amongst a cooperating group of\npackages) unless they have been agreed upon and appear in the list of\nvirtual package names.
+L207
+)P
+(P
+L208
+-\nThe latest version of the authoritative list of virtual package names\ncan be found on
+(FTPSITE
+-ftp.debian.org
+)FTPSITE
+- in\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/debian/doc/package-developer/virtual-package-names-list.text
+)FTPPATH
+-\nor your local mirror. The procedure for updating it is described at\nthe top of the file.\n
+L215
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L216
+)HEADING
+(P
+L217
+-\nDecide whether your package can go in
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+- or\nthe main distribution - see
+AID CDATA pkgcopyright
+(REF
+)REF
+-, and put\nan appropriate value for the distribution in the\n
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- file.
+L222
+)P
+(P
+L223
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- control file fields give\ninformation for classifying the package in
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- and say\nwhich directory to place it in the FTP archive.
+L227
+)P
+(P
+L228
+-\nThey are ultimately the responsibility of the distribution\nmaintainers; however, you should suggest values for them in your\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- information when you upload a package. You do this by\nincluding appropriate information in the
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file\nbefore building the packages.
+L234
+)P
+(P
+L235
+-\nFor a list of the currently in-use sections, please see the FTP\narchive. Packages in the non-free and contrib areas should have\nsection
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+-, respectively.\n
+L240
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- values
+L241
+)HEADING
+(P
+L242
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L244
+(TAG
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+L245
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L246
+(P
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+- packages are necessary for the proper functioning of the\nsystem. You must not remove these packages or your system may become\ntotally broken and you may probably not even be able to use\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to put things back. Systems with only the
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+-\npackages are probably unuseable, but they do have enough functionality\nto allow the sysadmin to boot and install more software.\n
+L253
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+L254
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L255
+(P
+-Important programs, including those which one would expect to find on\nany Unix-like system. If the expectation is that an experienced Unix\nperson who found it missing would go `What the F*!@\|<\|+ is going on,\nwhere is
+(PRGN
+-foo
+)PRGN
+-', it should be in
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+-. This is an\nimportant criterion because we are trying to produce, amongst other\nthings, a free Unix. Other packages without which the system will not\nrun well or be useable should also be here. This does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+-\ninclude Emacs or X11 or TeX or any other large applications. The\n
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+- packages are just a bare minimum of commonly-expected\nand necessary tools.\n
+L266
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-standard
+)TT
+L267
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L268
+(P
+-These packages provide a reasonably small but not too limited\ncharacter-mode system. This is what will install by default if the\nuser doesn't select anything else. It doesn't include many large\napplications, but it does include Emacs (this is more of a piece of\ninfrastructure than an application) and a reasonable subset of TeX and\nLaTeX (if this is possible without X).\n
+L275
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-optional
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-In a sense everything is optional that\nisn't required, but that's not what is meant here.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L277
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L278
+(P
+-This is all the software that you might reasonably want to install if\nyou didn't know what it was or don't have specialised requirements.\nThis is a much larger system and includes X11, a full TeX\ndistribution, and lots of applications.\n
+L283
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-extra
+)TT
+L284
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L285
+(P
+-This contains packages that conflict with others with higher\npriorities, or are only likely to be useful if you already know what\nthey are or have specialised requirements.\n
+L289
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L290
+)P
+(P
+L291
+-\nPriority values are not case-sensitive.\n
+L294
+)P
+)SECT2
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Base packages
+L295
+)HEADING
+(P
+L296
+-\nSome packages have
+(TT
+-Section: base
+)TT
+- and are in the
+(TT
+-base
+)TT
+-\nsubdirectory on the FTP archives. These are the packages that are\nsupplied on the base disks. They are the minimum sensible set for\ninstalling new packages (perhaps via a network).
+L301
+)P
+(P
+L302
+-\nMost of these packages should have
+(TT
+-Priority: required
+)TT
+- or at least\n
+(TT
+-Priority: important
+)TT
+-.\n
+L306
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-The
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+- flag
+L307
+)HEADING
+(P
+L308
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Essential: yes
+)TT
+- control file field should not be used unless\nremoving a package really will completely hose the system; nor should\nit be used for a shared library package - the dependencies will\nprevent its premature removal, and we need to be able to remove it\nwhen it has been superseded.\n
+L315
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Including
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- in the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+-\ncontrol file
+L317
+)HEADING
+(P
+L318
+-\nIf a user installs a package which is not part of the standard\ndistribution, or without downloading and updating from a new\n
+(PRGN
+-Packages
+)PRGN
+- file, the information about the priority and section\nof a package will be absent, and the
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- package listing\nwill have the package listed under `unclassified'. In order to\nimprove this it is permissible to use the
+(TT
+--is
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--isp
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+--ip
+)TT
+- option to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-, so that the
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-\nand/or
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- is copied into the actual control information in\nthe
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file. However, if you do this you should make sure you\nkeep the information up to date so that users are not shown\nconflicting information.\n\n
+L332
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Formatting of the
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- control file field
+L333
+)HEADING
+(P
+L334
+-\nEvery Debian package should have an extended description.
+L336
+)P
+(P
+L337
+-\nThe description should be written so that it tells the user what they\nneed to know to decide whether to install the package. This\ndescription should not just be copied from the blurb for the program.\nInstructions for configuring or using the package should not be\nincluded - that is what installation scripts, manpages, Info files and\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- are for. Copyright statements and other\nadministrivia should not be included - that is what\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+- is for.
+L346
+)P
+(P
+L347
+-\nIf you wish to include a list in your extended with entries which are\na line or more each you must indent each entry by one space to make\nsure that it doesn't get wordwrapped. The start of each list entry\nshould be marked with an asterisk, followed by a single space. You\nmust wrap the list entries yourself to 75 columns, and should start\ncontinuation lines indented by three spaces so that they line up with\nthe start of the text on the first line of each list entry.
+L355
+)P
+(P
+L356
+-\nSee the programmers' manual for further requirements and pitfalls.\n
+L359
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Locations of files
+L360
+)HEADING
+(P
+L361
+-\nThe location of all installed files and directories must comply fully\nwith the Linux File System Standard (FSSTND). The latest version of\nthis document can be found alongside this manual or on\n
+(FTPSITE
+-tsx-11.mit.edu
+)FTPSITE
+- in\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/
+)FTPPATH
+-. Specific questions\nabout following the standard may be asked on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+-, or\nreferred to Daniel Quinlan, the FSSTND coordinator, at\n
+(EMAIL
+-quinlan@yggdrasil.com
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L370
+)P
+(P
+L372
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Manpages
+L373
+)HEADING
+(P
+L374
+-\nYou must install manpages in
+(PRGN
+-nroff
+)PRGN
+- source form, in appropriate\nplaces under
+(TT
+-/usr/man
+)TT
+-. You should only use sections 1 to 9\n(see the FSSTND for more details). You must
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- install a\npreformatted `cat page'.
+L379
+)P
+(P
+L380
+-\nIf no manual page is available for a particular program, utility or\nfunction and this is reported as a bug on debian-bugs, a symbolic link\nfrom the requested manual page to the
+ANAME CDATA undocumented
+ASECTION CDATA 7
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L384
+- manual page should be provided. This symbolic link can be\ncreated from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L387
+-ln -s ../man7/undocumented.7 \\\n debian/tmp/usr/man/man[1-9]/the_requested_manpage.[1-9]
+L389
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThis manpage claims that the lack of a manpage has been reported as a\nbug, so you may only do this if it really has (you can report it\nyourself, if you like). Do not close the bug report until a proper\nmanpage is available.
+L394
+)P
+(P
+L395
+-\nYou may forward a complaint about a missing manpage to the upstream\nauthors, and mark the bug as forwarded in the Debian bug tracking\nsystem. Even though the GNU Project do not in general consider the\nlack of a manpage to be a bug, we do - if they tell you that they\ndon't consider it a bug you should leave the bug in our bug tracking\nsystem open anyway.
+L402
+)P
+(P
+L403
+-\nManpages should be installed compressed using
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-.
+L405
+)P
+(P
+L406
+-\nIf one manpage needs to be accesssible via several names it is better\nto use a symbolic link than the
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- feature, but there is no need\nto fiddle with the relevant parts of the upstream source to change\nfrom
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- to symlinks - don't do it unless it's easy. Do not\ncreate hard links in the manual page directories, and do not put\nabsolute filenames in
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- directives. The filename in a\n
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- in a manpage should be relative to the base of the manpage\ntree (usually
+(TT
+-/usr/man
+)TT
+-).\n
+L416
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Info documents
+L417
+)HEADING
+(P
+L418
+-\nInfo documents should be installed in
+(TT
+-/usr/info
+)TT
+-. They should\nbe compressed with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-.
+L421
+)P
+(P
+L422
+-\nYour package must call
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+- to update the Info
+(TT
+-dir
+)TT
+-\nfile, in its post-installation script:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L426
+-install-info --quiet --section Development Development \\\n /usr/info/foobar.info
+L428
+)EXAMPLE
+L429
+)P
+(P
+L430
+-\nIt is a good idea to specify a section for the location of your\nprogram; this is done with the
+(TT
+---section
+)TT
+- switch. To determine\nwhich section to use, you should use look at
+(TT
+-/usr/info/dir
+)TT
+- on\nyour system and choose the most relevant (or create a new section if\nnone of the current sections are relevant). Note that the\n
+(TT
+---section
+)TT
+- flag takes two arguments; the first is a regular\nexpression to match (case-insensitively) against an existing section,\nthe second is used when creating a new one.
+L439
+)P
+(P
+L440
+-\nYou must remove the entries in the pre-removal script:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L443
+-install-info --quiet --remove /usr/info/foobar.info
+L444
+)EXAMPLE
+L445
+)P
+(P
+L446
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+- cannot find a description entry in the Info file\nyou will have to supply one. See
+ANAME CDATA install-info
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+-\nfor details.\n
+L451
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Additional documentation
+L452
+)HEADING
+(P
+L453
+-\nAny additional documentation that comes with the package can be\ninstalled at the discretion of the package maintainer. Text\ndocumentation should be installed in a directory\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Where
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- is the\nname of the package.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- and compressed with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-\nunless it is small.
+L460
+)P
+(P
+L461
+-\nIf a package comes with large amounts of documentation which many\nusers of the package will not require you should create a separate\nbinary package to contain it, so that it does not take up disk space\non the machines of users who do not need or want it installed.
+L466
+)P
+(P
+L467
+-\nIt is often a good idea to put text information files (
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+-s,\nchangelogs, and so forth) that come with the source package in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- in the binary package. However, don't\ninstall the instructions for building and installing the package, of\ncourse!\n
+L474
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Preferred documentation formats
+L475
+)HEADING
+(P
+L476
+-\nThe unification of Debian documentation is being carried out via HTML.
+L478
+)P
+(P
+L479
+-\nIf your package comes with extensive documentation in a markup format\nthat can be converted to various other formats you should if possible\nship HTML versions in the binary package, in the directory\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or its subdirectories.
+L484
+)P
+(P
+L485
+-\nOther formats such as PostScript may be provided at your option.\n
+L488
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Examples
+L489
+)HEADING
+(P
+L490
+-\nAny examples (configurations, source files, whatever), should be\ninstalled in a directory
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/examples
+)TT
+-.\nThese files should not be referenced by any program - they're there\nfor the benefit of the system administrator and users, as\ndocumentation only.\n
+L497
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA instchangelog
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/changelog.Debian.gz
+)TT
+L498
+)HEADING
+(P
+L499
+-\nThis installed file must contain a copy of the
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+-\nfile from your Debian source tree.
+L502
+)P
+(P
+L503
+-\nIt should be installed compressed using
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-, as it will\nbecome large with time even if it starts out small.
+L506
+)P
+(P
+L507
+-\nIf the package has only one changelog which is used both as the Debian\nchangelog and the upstream one because there is no separate upstream\nmaintainer then the changelog should usually be installed as\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/changelog.gz
+)TT
+- instead.\n
+L513
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA copyrightfile
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+L514
+)HEADING
+(P
+L515
+-\nThis file must contain details of the authorship and copyright of the\npackage. It must say where the upstream sources (if any) were\nobtained, and explain briefly what modifications were made in the\nDebian version of the package compared to the upstream one. It must\nname the original authors of the package and the Debian maintainer(s)\nwho were involved with its creation.
+L522
+)P
+(P
+L523
+-\nIt must contain the full text of the copyright notice and any\nacknowledgements for the program and the licence terms under which the\nprogram is distributed. If the package is distributed under the GNU\nGeneral Public Licence, the GNU Library General Public Licence, the\nRegents of the University of California at Berkeley (BSD) licence or\nLarry Wall's Artistic Licence please say so instead of including a\ncopy of the licence. The files
+(TT
+-BSD
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-GPL
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-LGPL
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-Artistic
+)TT
+- are be available in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright
+)TT
+- for you\nto refer to.
+L533
+)P
+(P
+L534
+-\nThe copyright file should not be compressed unless it is very large.
+L536
+)P
+(P
+L537
+-\nDo not use the copyright file as a general
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+- file. If your\npackage has such a file it should be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/README
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-README.Debian
+)TT
+- or some\nother appropriate place.\n
+L543
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Symbolic links
+L544
+)HEADING
+(P
+L545
+-\nMost symbolic links should be relative, not absolute. Absolute links,\nin general, cause problems when a file system is not mounted where it\n"normally" resides (for example, when mounted via NFS).
+L549
+)P
+(P
+L550
+-\nIn particular, symlinks from one part of
+(TT
+-/usr
+)TT
+- to another\nshould be relative.
+L553
+)P
+(P
+L554
+-\nIn certain cases, however, relative links may cause more problems.\nFor example, links into
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-/var
+)TT
+- should be\nabsolute.
+L558
+)P
+(P
+L559
+-\nNote that when creating a relative link using
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+- it is not\nnecessary for the target of the link to exist relative to the working\ndirectory you're running
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+- from; nor is it necessary to change\ndirectory to the directory where the link is to be made. Simply\ninclude the string that should appear as the target of the link (this\nwill be a pathname relative to the directory in which the link\nresides) as the first argument to
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+-.
+L567
+)P
+(P
+L568
+-\nFor example, in your
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- or
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-, do things\nlike:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L572
+-ln -fs gcc $(prefix)/bin/cc\nln -fs gcc debian/tmp/usr/bin/cc\nln -fs ../sbin/sendmail $(prefix)/bin/runq\nln -fs ../sbin/sendmail debian/tmp/usr/bin/runq
+L576
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L578
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Logfiles
+L579
+)HEADING
+(P
+L580
+-\nLogfiles should usually be named\n
+(TT
+-/var/log/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-.log
+)TT
+-. If you have many logfiles,\nor need a separate directory for permissions reasons\n(
+(TT
+-/var/log
+)TT
+- is writeable only by
+(TT
+-root
+)TT
+-), you should usually\ncreate a directory named
+(TT
+-/var/log/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.
+L586
+)P
+(P
+L587
+-\nMake sure that any logfiles are rotated occasionally using so that\nthey don't grow indefinitely; the best way to do this is to use\n
+(PRGN
+-savelog
+)PRGN
+- program in an
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.daily
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.weekly
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.monthly
+)TT
+- script.
+L592
+)P
+(P
+L593
+-\nMake sure that any logfiles are removed when the package is purged\n(but not when it is only removed), by checking the argument to the\npostrm script (see the programmer's manual for details).\n
+L598
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- - for the use of the system administrator
+L599
+)HEADING
+(P
+L600
+-\nAs mandated by the FSSTND no package should place any files in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+-, either by putting them in the filesystem archive to\nbe unpacked by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- or by manipulating them in their maintainer\nscripts.
+L605
+)P
+(P
+L606
+-\nEvery package that searches a number of directories or files for\nsomething (for example, looking for shared libraries in
+(TT
+-/lib
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/lib
+)TT
+-) should search an appropriate directory in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- too.
+L611
+)P
+(P
+L612
+-\nIn order that the system administrator may know where to place\nadditional files a package should create an empty directory in the\nappropriate place in
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- by supplying it in the\nfilesystem archive for unpacking by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. The\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- directory itself and all the subdirectories created\nby the package should have permissions 2775 (group-writeable and\nset-group-id) and be owned by
+(TT
+-root.staff
+)TT
+-.
+L620
+)P
+(P
+L621
+-\nIn the future it will be possible to tell
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- not to unpack\nfiles matching certain patterns, so that system administrators who do\nnot wish these directories in
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- do not need to have\nthem.\n
+L627
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Permissions and ownerships
+L628
+)HEADING
+(P
+L629
+-\nThe rules in this section are guidelines for general use. If\nnecessary you may deviate from the details below. However, if you do\nso you must make sure that what is done is secure and you must try to\nbe as consistent as possible with the rest of the system. You should\nprobably also discuss it on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- first.
+L635
+)P
+(P
+L636
+-\nFiles should be owned by
+(TT
+-root.root
+)TT
+-, and made writeable only by\nthe owner and universally readable (and executable, if appropriate).
+L639
+)P
+(P
+L640
+-\nDirectories should be mode 755 or (for group-writability) mode 2775.\nThe ownership of the directory should be consistent with its mode -\nif a directory is mode 2775, it should be owned by the group that\nneeds write access to it.
+L645
+)P
+(P
+L646
+-\nSetuid and setgid executables should be mode 4755 or 2755\nrespectively, and owned by the appropriate user or group. They should\nnot be made unreadable (modes like 4711 or 2711 or even 4111); doing\nso achieves no extra security, because anyone can find the binary in\nthe freely available Debian package - it is merely inconvenient. For\nthe same reason you should not restrict read or execute permissions on\nnon-set-id executables.
+L654
+)P
+(P
+L655
+-\nSome setuid programs need to be restricted to particular sets of\nusers, using file permissions. In this case they should be owned by\nthe uid to which they are set-id, and by the group which should be\nallowed to execute them. They should have mode 4754; there is no\npoint in making them unreadable to those users who must not be allowed\nto execute them.
+L662
+)P
+(P
+L663
+-\nDo not arrange that the system administrator can only reconfigure the\npackage to correspond to their local security policy by changing the\npermissions on a binary. Ordinary files installed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- (as\nopposed to conffiles and other similar objects) have their permissions\nreset to the distributed permissions when the package is reinstalled.\nInstead you should consider (for example) creating a group for people\nallowed to use the program(s) and making any setuid executables\nexecutable only by that group.
+L672
+)P
+(P
+L673
+-\nShared libraries should be installed executable.\n
+L676
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration files
+L677
+)HEADING
+(P
+L678
+-\nAny configuration files created or used by your package should reside\nin
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+-. If there are several you should consider creating a\nsubdirectory named after your package.
+L682
+)P
+(P
+L683
+-\nIt is almost certain that any file in
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- that is in your\npackage's filesystem archive should be listed in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s\n
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+- control area file. (See the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nmanual).\n
+L689
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Maintainer scripts
+L690
+)HEADING
+(P
+L691
+-\nThe package installation scripts should avoid producing output which\nit is unnecessary for the user to see and should rely on
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to\nstave off boredom on the part of a user installing many packages.\nThis means, amongst other things, using the
+(TT
+---quiet
+)TT
+- option on\n
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+-.
+L697
+)P
+(P
+L698
+-\nPackages should try to minimise the amount of prompting they need to\ndo, and they should ensure that the user will only every be asked each\nquestion once. This means that packages should try to use appropriate\nshared configuration files (such as
+(TT
+-/etc/papersize
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-/etc/news/server
+)TT
+-, rather than each prompting for their own\nlist of required pieces of information.
+L705
+)P
+(P
+L706
+-\nIt also means that an upgrade should not ask the same questions again,\nunless the user has used
+(TT
+-dpkg --purge
+)TT
+- to remove the package's\nconfiguration. The answers to configuration questions should be\nstored in an appropriate place in
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- so that the user can\nmodify them, and how this has been done should be documented.
+L712
+)P
+(P
+L713
+-\nIf a package has a vitally important piece of information to pass to\nthe user (such as "don't run me as I am, you must edit the following\nconfiguration files first or you risk your system emitting\nbadly-formatted messages"), it should display this in the\n
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script and prompt the user to hit return to\nacknowledge the message. Copyright messages do not count as vitally\nimportant (they belong in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright
+)TT
+-); neither do\ninstructions on how to use a program (these should be in on line\ndocumentation, where all the users can see them).
+L723
+)P
+(P
+L724
+-\nAny necessary prompting should almost always be confined to the\npost-installation script, and should be protected with a conditional\nso that unnecssary prompting doesn't happen if a package's\ninstallation fails and the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- is called with\n
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-abort-remove
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-abort-deconfigure
+)TT
+-.
+L730
+)P
+(P
+L731
+-\nErrors which occur during the execution of an installation script\n
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- be checked and the installation
+(EM
+-must not
+)EM
+- continue after\nan error.
+L735
+)P
+(P
+L736
+-\nThe section below on scripts in general applies to package maintainer\nscripts too.\n
+L740
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Scripts in general
+L741
+)HEADING
+(P
+L742
+-\nAll command scripts, including the package maintainer scripts inside\nthe package and used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, should have a
+(TT
+-#!
+)TT
+- line naming\nthe shell to be used to interpret them.
+L746
+)P
+(P
+L747
+-\nIn the case of Perl scripts this should be
+(TT
+-#!/usr/bin/perl
+)TT
+-.
+L749
+)P
+(P
+L750
+-\nShell scripts (
+(PRGN
+-sh
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-bash
+)PRGN
+-) should almost certainly\nstart with
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- so that errors are detected. Every script\n
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- use
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- or check the exit status of
+(EM
+-every
+)EM
+-\ncommand.
+L755
+)P
+(P
+L756
+-\nPerl scripts should check for errors when making any system calls,\nincluding
+(TT
+-open
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-print
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-close
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-rename
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-system
+)TT
+-.
+L760
+)P
+(P
+L761
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-tcsh
+)PRGN
+- should be avoided as scripting languages. See\nCsh Programming Considered Harmful, one of the
+(TT
+-comp.unix.*
+)TT
+- FAQs.\nIf an upstream package comes with
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+- scripts then you must make\nsure that they start with
+(TT
+-#!/bin/csh
+)TT
+- and make your package\ndepend on
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+-.
+L767
+)P
+(P
+L769
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Compilation options
+L770
+)HEADING
+(P
+L771
+-\nGenerally the following compilation parameters should be used:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L774
+-CC = gcc\nCFLAGS = -O2 -g -Wall # sane warning options vary between programs\nLDFLAGS = # none\ninstall -s # (or use strip on the files in debian/tmp)
+L778
+)EXAMPLE
+L779
+)P
+(P
+L780
+-\nNote that all installed binaries should be stripped, either by using\nthe
+(TT
+--s
+)TT
+- flag to
+(PRGN
+-install
+)PRGN
+-, or by calling
+(PRGN
+-strip
+)PRGN
+- on the\nbinaries after they have been copied into
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+- but\nbefore the tree is made into a package.
+L785
+)P
+(P
+L786
+-\nMake sure that you do not link with
+(TT
+--g
+)TT
+-, as this makes a.out\ncompilers produce huge statically linked binaries. The
+(TT
+--g
+)TT
+- flag\nis useful on compilation so that you have available a full set of\ndebugging symbols in your built source tree, in case anyone should\nfile a bug report involving (for example) a core dump.
+L792
+)P
+(P
+L793
+-\nThe
+(TT
+--N
+)TT
+- flag should not be used. On a.out systems it may have\nbeen useful for some very small binaries, but for ELF it has no good\neffect.
+L797
+)P
+(P
+L798
+-\nIt is up to the package maintainer to decide what compilation options\nare best for the package. Certain binaries (such as\ncomputationally-intensive programs) may function better with certain\nflags (
+(TT
+--O3
+)TT
+-, for example); feel free to use them. Please use good\njudgment here. Don't use flags for the sake of it; only use them if\nthere is good reason to do so. Feel free to override the upstream\nauthor's ideas about which compilation options are best - they are\noften inappropriate for our environment.
+L807
+)P
+(P
+L808
+-\nPlease make sure that you use only released versions of shared\nlibraries to build your packages; otherwise other users will not be\nable to run your binaries properly. Producing source packages that\ndepend on unreleased compilers is also usually a bad idea.\n
+L814
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Shared library packages
+L815
+)HEADING
+(P
+L816
+-\nPackages involving shared libraries should be split up into several\nbinary packages.
+L819
+)P
+(P
+L820
+-\nFor a straightforward library which has a development environment and\na runtime kit including just shared libraries you need to create two\npackages:
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- is\nthe shared object name of the shared library - it's the thing that has\nto match exactly between building an executable and running it for the\ndynamic linker to be able run the program. Usually the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+-\nis the major number of the library.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- and\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+--dev
+)TT
+-.
+L829
+)P
+(P
+L830
+-\nIf you prefer only to support one development version time you may\nname the development package
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+--dev
+)TT
+-; otherwise you\nmay wish to use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conflicts mechanism to ensure that the\nuser only installs one development version at a time (after all,\ndifferent development versions are likely to have the same header\nfiles in them, causing a filename clash if both are installed).\nTypically the development version will also need an exact version\ndependency on the runtime library, to make sure that compilation and\nlinking happens correctly.
+L840
+)P
+(P
+L841
+-\nPackages which use the shared library should have a dependency on the\nname of the shared library package,\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. When the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- changes you\ncan have both versions of the library installed while moving from the\nold library to the new.
+L847
+)P
+(P
+L848
+-\nIf your package has some run-time support programs which use the\nshared library you must
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- put them in the shared library\npackage. If you do that then you won't be able to install several\nversions of the shared library without getting filename clashes.\nInstead, either create a third package for the runtime binaries (this\npackage might typically be named
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+--runtime
+)TT
+- - note\nthe absence of the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- in the package name) or if the\ndevelopment package is small include them in there.
+L857
+)P
+(P
+L858
+-\nIf you have several shared libraries built from the same source tree\nyou can lump them all togther into a single shared library package,\nprovided that you change all their
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+-s at once (so that you\ndon't get filename clashes if you try to install different versions of\nthe combined shared libraries package).
+L864
+)P
+(P
+L865
+-\nFollow the directions in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual for\nputting the shared library in its package, and make sure you include a\n
+(TT
+-shlibs
+)TT
+- control area file with details of the dependencies for\npackages which use the library.\n
+L871
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Application configuration files, dotfiles and
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+L872
+)HEADING
+(P
+L873
+-\nFiles in
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- will automatically be copied into new user\naccounts by
+(PRGN
+-adduser
+)PRGN
+-. They should not be referenced there by\nany program.
+L877
+)P
+(P
+L878
+-\nTherefore, if a program needs a dotfile to exist in advance in\n
+(TT
+-$HOME
+)TT
+- to work sensibly that dotfile should be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- (and listed in conffiles, if it is not generated and\nmodified dynamically by the package's installation scripts).
+L883
+)P
+(P
+L884
+-\nHowever, programs that require dotfiles in order to operate sensibly\n(dotfiles that they do not create themselves automatically, that is)\nare a bad thing, and programs should be configured by the Debian\ndefault installation as close to normal as possible.
+L889
+)P
+(P
+L890
+-\nTherefore, if a program in a Debian package needs to be configured in\nsome way in order to operate sensibly that configuration should be\ndone in a site-wide global configuration file elsewhere in\n
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+-. Only if the program doesn't support a site-wide default\nconfiguration and the package maintainer doesn't have time to add it\nshould a default per-user file be placed in
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+-.
+L897
+)P
+(P
+L898
+-\n
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- should be as empty as we can make it. This is\nparticularly true because there is no easy mechanism for ensuring that\nthe appropriate dotfiles are copied into the accounts of existing\nusers when a package is installed.
+L903
+)P
+(P
+L904
+-\nIdeally the sysadmin should ideally not have to do any configuration\nother than that done (semi-)automatically by the postinst script.\n
+L908
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA mail
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Mail processing on Debian systems
+L909
+)HEADING
+(P
+L910
+-\nDebian packages which process electronic mail, whether\nmail-user-agents (MUAs) or mail-transport-agents (MTAs),
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+-\nmake sure that they are compatible with the configuration decisions\nbelow. Failure to do this may result in lost mail, broken
+(TT
+-From:
+)TT
+-\nlines, and other serious brain damage!
+L916
+)P
+(P
+L917
+-\nThe mail spool is
+(TT
+-/var/spool/mail
+)TT
+- and the interface to send a\nmail message is
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/sendmail
+)TT
+- (as per the FSSTND). The\nmail spool is part of the base system and not part of the MTA package.
+L921
+)P
+(P
+L922
+-\nMailboxes are locked using the
+(TT
+(VAR
+-username
+)VAR
+-.lock
+)TT
+- lockfile\nconvention, rather than
+(PRGN
+-fcntl
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-flock
+)PRGN
+- or
+(PRGN
+-lockf
+)PRGN
+-.
+L925
+)P
+(P
+L926
+-\nMailboxes are generally 660
+(TT
+(VAR
+-user
+)VAR
+-.mail
+)TT
+- unless the user has\nchosen otherwise. A MUA may remove a mailbox (unless it has\nnonstandard permissions) in which case the MTA or another MUA must\nrecreate it if needed. Mailboxes must be writeable by group mail.
+L931
+)P
+(P
+L932
+-\nThe mail spool is 2775
+(TT
+-mail.mail
+)TT
+-, and MUA's need to be setgid\nmail to do the locking mentioned above (and obviously need to avoid\naccessing other users' mailboxes using this privilege).
+L936
+)P
+(P
+L937
+-\n
+(TT
+-/etc/aliases
+)TT
+- is the source file for the system mail aliases\n(e.g. postmaster, usenet, etc.) - it is the one which the sysadmin\nand postinst scripts may edit. After
+(TT
+-/etc/aliases
+)TT
+- is edited\nthe program or human editing it must call
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+-. All MTA\npackages should come with a
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+- program, even if it does\nnothing, but older MTA packages do not do this so programs should not\nfail if
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+- cannot be found.
+L945
+)P
+(P
+L946
+-\nThe convention of writing
+(TT
+-forward to
+(VAR
+-address
+)VAR
+)TT
+- in the mailbox\nitself is not supported. Use a
+(TT
+-.forward
+)TT
+- file instead.
+L949
+)P
+(P
+L950
+-\nThe location for the
+(PRGN
+-rmail
+)PRGN
+- program used by UUCP for incoming\nmail is
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/rmail
+)TT
+-, as per the FSSTND. Likewise,\n
+(PRGN
+-rsmtp
+)PRGN
+-, for receiving batch-SMTP-over-UUCP, is in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/rsmtp
+)TT
+- if it is supported.
+L955
+)P
+(P
+L956
+-\nIf you need to know what name to use (for example) on outgoing news\nand mail messages which are generated locally, you should use the file\n
+(TT
+-/etc/mailname
+)TT
+-. It will contain the portion after the username\nand
+(TT
+-@
+)TT
+- (at) sign for email addresses of users on the machine\n(followed by a newline).
+L962
+)P
+(P
+L963
+-\nA package should check for the existence of this file. If it exists\nit should use it without comment.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-An MTA's prompting\nconfiguration script may wish to prompt the user even if it finds this\nfile exists.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- If it does not exist it should prompt the user\nfor the value and store it in
+(TT
+-/etc/mailname
+)TT
+- as well as using it\nin the package's configuration. The prompt should make it clear that\nthe name will not just be used by that package. E.g., in this\nsituation the INN package says:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L973
+-Please enter the `mail name' of your system. This is the hostname\nportion of the address to be shown on outgoing news and mail messages.\nThe default is
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+-, your system's host name.\nMail name [`
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+-']:
+L977
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nwhere
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+- is the output of
+(TT
+-hostname -fqdn
+)TT
+-.\n\n
+L981
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Packages which can use the X shared libraries
+L982
+)HEADING
+(P
+L983
+-\nSome programs can be configured with or without support for X Windows.\nTypically these binaries produced when configured for X will need the\nX shared libraries to run.
+L987
+)P
+(P
+L988
+-\nSuch programs should be configured
+(EM
+-with
+)EM
+- X support, and should\ndeclare a dependency on
+(TT
+-elf-x11r6lib
+)TT
+- (for the X11R6 libraries).\nUsers who wish to use the program can install just the relatively\nsmall
+(TT
+-xlib
+)TT
+- package, and do not need to install the whole of X.
+L993
+)P
+(P
+L994
+-\nDo not create two versions (one with X support and one without) of\nyour package.\n\n
+L999
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Games
+L1000
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1001
+-\nThe permissions on /var/lib/games are 755
+(TT
+-root.root
+)TT
+-.
+L1003
+)P
+(P
+L1004
+-\nEach game decides on its own security policy.
+L1006
+)P
+(P
+L1007
+-\nGames which require protected, privileged access to high-score files,\nsavegames, \|&\|c, must be made set-
+(EM
+-group
+)EM
+--id (mode 2755) and\nowned by
+(TT
+-root.games
+)TT
+-, and use files and directories with\nappropriate permissions (770
+(TT
+-root.games
+)TT
+-, for example). They must\n
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be made set-
+(EM
+-user
+)EM
+--id, as this causes security\nproblems.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-If an attacker can subvert any set-user-id game\nthey can overwrite the executable of any other, causing other players\nof these cames to run a trojan. With a set-group-id game the attacker\nonly gets access to less important game data, and if they can get at\nthe other players' accounts at all it will take considerably more\neffort.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1019
+)P
+(P
+L1020
+-\nSome packages, for example some fortune cookie programs, are\nconfigured by the upstream authors to install with their data files or\nother static information made unreadable so that they can only be\naccessed through set-id programs provided. Do not do this in a Debian\npackage: anyone can download the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file and read the data from\nit, so there is no point making the files unreadable. Not making the\nfiles unreadable also means that you don't have to make so many\nprograms set-id, which reduces the risk of a security hole.\n
+L1030
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Allocating package-specific users and groups
+L1031
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1032
+-\nIf you need to create a new user or group for your package there are\ntwo possibilities. Firstly, you may need to make some files in the\nbinary package be owned by this user or group, or you may need to\ncompile the user or group id (rather than just the name) into the\nbinary (though this latter should be avoided if possible). In this\ncase you need a statically allocated id.
+L1039
+)P
+(P
+L1040
+-\nYou must ask for a user or group id from the base system maintainer,\nand must not release the package until you have been allocated one.\nOnce you have been allocated one you must make the package depend\non a version of the base system with the id present in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/passwd
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-/etc/group
+)TT
+-, or alternatively arrange\nfor your package to create the user or group itself with the correct\nid (using
+(TT
+-adduser
+)TT
+-) in its pre- or post-installation script (the\nlatter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+L1049
+)P
+(P
+L1050
+-\nOn the other hand, the program may able to determine the uid or gid\nfrom the group name at runtime, so that a dynamic id can be used. In\nthis case you must choose an appropriate user or group name,\ndiscussing this on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- and checking with the base system\nmaintainer that it is unique and that they do not wish you to use a\nstatically allocated id instead. When this has been checked you must\narrange for your package to create the user or group if necessary\nusing
+(PRGN
+-adduser
+)PRGN
+- in the pre- or post-installation script (again, the\nlatter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+L1060
+)P
+(P
+L1061
+-\nNote that changing the numeric value of an id associated with a name\nis very difficult, and involves searching the filesystem for all\nappropriate files. You need to think carefully whether a static or\ndynamic id is required, since changing your mind later will cause\nproblems.\n
+L1068
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Source package\n
+L1070
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer
+L1071
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1072
+-\nUnder certain circumstances it is necessary for someone other than the\nusual package maintainer to make a release of a package. For example,\na porter for another architecture may have to make some small changes\nto the source package and does not wish to wait with uploading their\nrelease until the main maintainer has incorporated the patch, or a\nserious security problem may have come to light requiring immediate\nattention.
+L1080
+)P
+(P
+L1081
+-\nMaintainers other than the usual package maintainer should make as few\nchanges to the package as possible, and they should always send a\nunified context diff (
+(TT
+-diff -u
+)TT
+-) detailing their changes to the bug\ntracking system properly flagged with the correct package so that the\nusual maintainer is kept aware of the situation.
+L1087
+)P
+(P
+L1088
+-\nWhen someone other than the usual maintainer releases a package they\nshould add a new component to the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- component of\nthe version number - that is, the portion after the (last) hyphen.\nThis extra component will start at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-. This is to avoid\n`stealing' one of the usual maintainer's version numbers, possibly\ndisrupting their work. If there is no
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- component\nin the version number then one should be created, starting at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-.
+L1096
+)P
+(P
+L1097
+-\nIf it is absolutely necessary for someone other than the usual\nmaintainer to make a release based on a new upstream version then the\nperson making the release should start with the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+-\nvalue
+(TT
+-0.1
+)TT
+-. The usual maintainer of a package should start their\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- numbering at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-.\n\n
+L1105
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Standards conformance and
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1106
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1107
+-\nYou should specify the most recent version of the packaging standards\nwith which your package complies in the source package's\n
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- field.
+L1111
+)P
+(P
+L1112
+-\nThis value will be used to file bug reports automatically if your\npackage becomes too much out of date.
+L1115
+)P
+(P
+L1116
+-\nThe value corresponds to a version of the Debian manuals, as can be\nfound on the title page or page headers and footers (depending on the\nformat). The value for this version of the manuals and packaging\nstandards is
+(TT
+-0.2.0.0
+)TT
+-.
+L1121
+)P
+(P
+L1122
+-\nThe version number has four components - major and minor number and\nmajor and minor patchlevel. When the standards change in a way that\nrequires every package to change the major number will be changed.\nSignificant changes that will require work in many packages will be\nsignaled by a change to the minor number. The major patchlevel will\nbe changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however\nsmall; the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic,\ntypographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+L1131
+)P
+(P
+L1132
+-\nYou should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of\ndate, install the most recent version of dpkg and read\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog-manuals
+)TT
+- to see which changes, if any,\nare relevant. If any are relevant you should look up the relevant\nsection in the policy or programmers' manuals and update your package.\nWhen your package complies with the new standards you may update the\n
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- source package field and release it.\n\n
+L1142
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Documentation and the
+(TT
+-changelog
+)TT
+L1143
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1144
+-\nDocument your changes and updates to the source package properly in\nthe
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- file.
+L1147
+)P
+(P
+L1148
+-\nA copy of the file which will be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+- should be in\n
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+-.
+L1152
+)P
+(P
+L1153
+-\nIn non-experimental packages you may only use a format for\n
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- which is supported by the most recent released\nversion of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. If your format is not supported and there is\ngeneral support for it you should contact the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- maintainer\nto have the parser script for your format included in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\npackage.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-You will need to agree that the parser and its\nmanpage may be distributed under the GNU GPL, just as the rest of\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L1163
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Changes to the upstream sources
+L1164
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1165
+-\nIf you need to edit a
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- where GNU-style
+(PRGN
+-configure
+)PRGN
+-\nscripts are used, you should edit the
+(TT
+-.in
+)TT
+- files rather than\nediting the
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- directly. This allows the user to\nreconfigure the package if necessary. You should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- configure\nthe package and edit the generated
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+-! This makes it\nimpossible for someone else to later reconfigure the package.
+L1172
+)P
+(P
+L1173
+-\nIf changes to the source code are made that are generally applicable\nplease try to get them included in the upstream version of the package\nby supplying the upstream authors with the changes in whatever form\nthey prefer.
+L1178
+)P
+(P
+L1179
+-\nIf you need to configure the package differently for Debian or for\nLinux, and the upstream source doesn't provide a way to configure it\nthe way you need to, please add such configuration facilities (for\nexample, a new
+(PRGN
+-autoconf
+)PRGN
+- test or
+(TT
+-#define
+)TT
+-) and send the\npatch to the upstream authors, with the default set to the way they\noriginally had it. You can then easily override the default in your\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- or wherever is appropriate.\n
+L1188
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Error trapping in makefiles
+L1189
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1190
+-\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+- invokes a command in a makefile (including your\npackage's upstream makefiles and the
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-) it does so\nusing
+(TT
+-sh
+)TT
+-. This means that
+(TT
+-sh
+)TT
+-'s usual bad error handling\nproperties apply: if you include a miniature script as one of the\ncommands in your makefile you'll find that if you don't do anything\nabout it then errors are not detected and
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+- will blithely\ncontinue after problems.
+L1198
+)P
+(P
+L1199
+-\nEvery time you put more than one shell command (this includes using a\nloop) in a makefile command you
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- make sure that errors are\ntrapped. For simple compound commands, such as changing directory and\nthen running a program, using
+(TT
+-\|&\|\|&\|
+)TT
+- rather than semicolon as\na command separator is sufficient. For more complex commands\nincluding most loops and conditionals you must include a separate\n
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- command at the start of every makefile command that's\nactually one of these miniature shellscripts.\n
+L1209
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA developer
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-How to become a Debian developer\n
+L1211
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Before you start work
+L1212
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1213
+-\nSo, you've read all the documentation, you understand what everything\nin the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- example package is for, and you're about to\nDebianise your favourite package. How do you actually become a Debian\ndeveloper so that your work can be incorporated into the Project?
+L1218
+)P
+(P
+L1219
+-\nFirstly, subscribe to
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- if you haven't already.\nSend the word
+(TT
+-subscribe
+)TT
+- in the
+(EM
+-Subject
+)EM
+- of a mail to\n
+(EMAIL
+-debian-devel-REQUEST@lists.debian.org
+)EMAIL
+-. In case of problems\ncontact the list administrator, Anders Chrigstrom
+(EMAIL
+-ac@netg.se
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L1224
+)P
+(P
+L1225
+-\nYou should to subscribe and lurk for a bit before doing any coding,\nand you should post about your intentions to work on something to\navoid duplicated effort.
+L1229
+)P
+(P
+L1230
+-\nIf you do not have a PGP key yet generate one. You should probably\nread the PGP manual, as it has much important information which is\ncritical to its security. Many more security failures are due to\nhuman error than to software failure or high-powered spy techniques.
+L1235
+)P
+(P
+L1236
+-\nIf you live in a country where use of cryptography even for signing is\nforbidden then please contact us so we can make special arrangements.\nThis does not apply in France, where I believe only encryption and not\nsigning is forbidden.\n
+L1242
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-When you have a package to upload
+L1243
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1244
+-\nWhen you have your package ready to be uploaded you must send a\nmessage to the project leader, Bruce Perens
+(EMAIL
+-bruce@pixar.com
+)EMAIL
+-,\nthe administrator of
+(TT
+-master.debian.org
+)TT
+-, Simon Shapiro\n
+(EMAIL
+-shimon@i-connect.net
+)EMAIL
+-, the mailing list administrator, Anders\nChrigstrom
+(EMAIL
+-ac@netg.se
+)EMAIL
+- and the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- maintainer, Ian\nJackson
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L1251
+)P
+(P
+L1252
+-\nThe message should say what you've done and who you are, and should\nask for an account on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- and to be subscribed to\n
+(PRGN
+-debian-private
+)PRGN
+- (the developers-only mailing list). It should\ncontain your PGP key (extracted using
+(TT
+-pgp -kxa
+)TT
+-) for the database\nof keys which is shipped with
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.\n\nWhen you have your personal account on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- log in and\ntransfer the files to\n
+(TT
+-/home/Debian/ftp/private/project/Incoming
+)TT
+-. You cannot upload\nto
+(PRGN
+-Incoming
+)PRGN
+- on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- using anonymous FTP.
+L1263
+)P
+(P
+L1264
+-\nYou can also upload files to
+(PRGN
+-Incoming
+)PRGN
+- via a
+(PRGN
+-cron
+)PRGN
+--driven\nupload queue in Europe on
+(FTPSITE
+-chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk
+)FTPSITE
+-. For details\nconnect to
+(PRGN
+-chiark
+)PRGN
+- using anonymous FTP and read\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/pub/debian/private/project/README.how-to-upload
+)FTPPATH
+-.\n
+L1270
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA changesfiles
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Upload handling -
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files
+L1271
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1272
+-\nWhen a package is uploaded to the Debian FTP archive, it must be\naccompanied by a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file which gives directions for its\nhandling. This is usually generated by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-.
+L1276
+)P
+(P
+L1277
+-\nThis file is a control file with the following fields:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1280
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Format
+)TT
+L1281
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+L1282
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+L1283
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+L1284
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+L1285
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+L1286
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1287
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1288
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+L1289
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+L1290
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+L1291
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+L1292
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1293
+)P
+(P
+L1294
+-\nAll of them are mandatory for a Debian upload. See the list of\ncontrol fields in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual for the contents\nof these fields.\n\n
+L1300
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA mailinglists
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-The Debian mailing lists
+L1301
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1302
+-\nThe mailing list server is at
+(TT
+-lists.debian.org
+)TT
+-. Mail\n
+(TT
+-debian-
+(VAR
+-foo
+)VAR
+--REQUEST@lists.debian.org
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-where\n
+(TT
+-debian-
+(VAR
+-foo
+)VAR
+)TT
+- is the name of the list
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- with the word\n
+(TT
+-subscribe
+)TT
+- in the Subject to subscribe or
+(TT
+-unsubscribe
+)TT
+- to\nunsubscribe.
+L1308
+)P
+(P
+L1309
+-\nWhen replying to messages on the mailing list, please do not send a\ncarbon copy (
+(TT
+-CC
+)TT
+- - this does not mean `courtesy copy') to the\noriginal poster. Anyone who posts to a mailing list should read it to\nsee the responses.
+L1314
+)P
+(P
+L1315
+-\nAs ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're\nreplying to.\n\n
+L1320
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA conversion
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Conversion procedure from old source packages
+L1321
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1322
+-\nThis is a brief summary of the procedure for converting a\npre-2.0.0.0-format source package into the new format.
+L1325
+)P
+(P
+L1326
+-\nYou are strongly advised to download and examine the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+-\npackage, and to read the section in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nmanual describing the source packaging tools. More detail about the\nexact functionality of these tools is available in
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L1331
+-.
+L1332
+)P
+(P
+L1333
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(LIST
+L1336
+(ITEM
+L1337
+(P
+-Download the original source code from wherever it can be found and do\nany rearrangement required to make it look like the original tree of\nthe Debian source. Put it in\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig/
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1343
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1344
+(P
+-Rename all files
+(TT
+-debian.*
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-debian/*
+)TT
+-. There may be some\nexceptions to this, but this is a good start.\n
+L1347
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1348
+(P
+-Edit the
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- - create or rename it if necessary.\nAdd a new revision to the top with the appropriate details, and a\nlocal variables entry to the bottom to set Emacs to the right mode:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1352
+-Local variables:\nmode: debian-changelog\nEnd:
+L1355
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1357
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1358
+(P
+-Edit/create
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+-:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1360
+(ITEM
+L1361
+(P
+-Remove the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- field. If it is generated unusually (not\nequal to the source version) you must use the -v option to\ndpkg-gencontrol (see below).
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.\n
+L1366
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1367
+(P
+-Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,\nseparating the source package fields from the binary package\nfields.\n
+L1371
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1372
+(P
+-Add the
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+- field.\n
+L1374
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1375
+(P
+-Add the
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- field. The current value is\n
+(TT
+-0.2.0.0
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1378
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1379
+(P
+-Change the
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field for each package to
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+- or whatever. If there isn't an
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field add\none.\n
+L1383
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1384
+(P
+-If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary\ncontrol files use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-'s variable substitution\nfeatures to achieve the same effect. Use
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- if\nyou need to put unusally-generated information (apart from details of\n
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files) in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file too.
+L1389
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1391
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1392
+(P
+-Edit the
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1394
+(ITEM
+L1395
+(P
+-Remove the
+(PRGN
+-source
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- and any
+(PRGN
+-changes
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dist
+)PRGN
+- targets. These things now happen in a package-independent\nway and are not done by
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-.
+L1398
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1399
+(P
+-Split the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target into
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-; in many cases all of
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- should go into\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+-. Create the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target and the unused of\nthe two other
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets if there is one - you can copy\nthe ones from the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- package.
+L1404
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1405
+(P
+-Change the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target to use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to make\nthe package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been\ninstalled but just before the last
+(PRGN
+-chown
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-chmod
+)PRGN
+- in\nthe target.
+L1409
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1410
+(P
+-Change occurrences of
+(TT
+-debian-tmp
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+-.
+L1411
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1412
+(P
+-Change occurrences of
+(TT
+-debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-debian/*
+)TT
+-.
+L1414
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1415
+(P
+-Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.
+L1416
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1417
+(P
+-Ensure that the package's Debian-specific and upstream changelogs are\ninstalled.
+L1419
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1421
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1422
+(P
+-Check that the
+(TT
+-debian/README
+)TT
+- is really the copyright file, and\nif so rename it to
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+- and edit\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- to cope with this and to change the installation\nof the copyright file from
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+-\ninstead of
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. If it isn't then\nfind
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+- and decide what to do with the\n
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1430
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1431
+(P
+-Check for various other anachronisms and problems:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1433
+(ITEM
+L1434
+(P
+-Remove any
+(TT
+-Package_Revision
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Package-Revision
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-Revision
+)TT
+- fields.
+L1436
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1437
+(P
+-Rename
+(TT
+-Optional
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommended
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-.
+L1439
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1440
+(P
+-Change
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/examples/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/examples
+)TT
+-.
+L1442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1443
+(P
+-Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.
+L1444
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1445
+(P
+-Check that the description has an extended description, is\nwell-formatted and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know\nwhether to install a package.
+L1448
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1450
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1451
+(P
+-Look everything over.\n
+L1453
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1454
+(P
+-Do a test build using
+(TT
+-dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -r
+(VAR
+-whatever
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.\nCheck the permissions and locations of files in the resulting package\nby eyeballing the output of
+(TT
+-dpkg-deb --contents
+)TT
+-, and check that\nthe source build happened OK. Test install the binary package(s) and\ntest extract the source package(s).\n
+L1460
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1461
+(P
+-Sign the release: either re-run
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- (this will\nrebuild the package entirely), or PGP-sign the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-, rebuild the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- using
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-, and then PGP-sign the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1466
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1468
+)P
+)CHAPT
+)BOOK
+)DEBIANDOC
+C
--- /dev/null
+L12 policy.sgml
+(DEBIANDOC
+(BOOK
+L14
+(TITLEPAG
+(TITLE
+-Debian policy manual
+L15
+)TITLE
+(AUTHOR
+(NAME
+-Ian Jackson
+)NAME
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+L16
+)AUTHOR
+(VERSION
+-version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7),
+(DATE
+)DATE
+-\n
+L18
+)VERSION
+(ABSTRACT
+L19
+-This manual describes the policy requirements which must be satisfied\nfor a package to be included in the Debian distribution. This\nincludes details of the permissions and ownerships of files in\npackages and other technical requirements as well as information like\nthe upload procedure.
+L24
+)ABSTRACT
+L26
+(COPYRIGHT
+(COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+-Copyright \|©\|1996 Ian Jackson.
+L27
+)COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+(P
+L28
+-\nThis manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it\nunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\nFree Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any\nlater version.
+L33
+)P
+(P
+L34
+-\nThis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n
+(EM
+-without any warranty
+)EM
+-; without even the implied warranty of\nmerchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU\nGeneral Public License for more details.
+L39
+)P
+(P
+L40
+-\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with\nyour Debian GNU/Linux system, in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/GPL
+)TT
+-, or\nwith the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- source package as the file
+(TT
+-COPYING
+)TT
+-. If\nnot, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,\nCambridge, MA 02139, USA.\n
+L47
+)P
+)COPYRIGHT
+)TITLEPAG
+L47 policy.sgml
+ADETAIL TOKEN SECT
+(TOC
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-scope
+ACHAPT CDATA 1
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 1
+(TOCENTRY
+L49 policy.sgml
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L50
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-pkgcopyright
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(TOCENTRY
+L76 policy.sgml
+-Package copyright
+L77
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 3
+(TOCENTRY
+L178 policy.sgml
+-Contents of the binary package\n
+L180
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L180 policy.sgml
+-Control file requirements\n
+L182
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L182 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- information
+L183
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L191 policy.sgml
+-Dependencies and virtual packages
+L192
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L215 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L216
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT2
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.1.3.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L240 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- values
+L241
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT2
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.1.3.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L294 policy.sgml
+-Base packages
+L295
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L306 policy.sgml
+-The
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+- flag
+L307
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L315 policy.sgml
+-Including
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- in the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+-\ncontrol file
+L317
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L332 policy.sgml
+-Formatting of the
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- control file field
+L333
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L359 policy.sgml
+-Locations of files
+L360
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L372 policy.sgml
+-Manpages
+L373
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L416 policy.sgml
+-Info documents
+L417
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L451 policy.sgml
+-Additional documentation
+L452
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L474 policy.sgml
+-Preferred documentation formats
+L475
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT2
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.4.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L488 policy.sgml
+-Examples
+L489
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-instchangelog
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L497 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/changelog.Debian.gz
+)TT
+L498
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-copyrightfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L513 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+L514
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.7
+(TOCENTRY
+L543 policy.sgml
+-Symbolic links
+L544
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.8
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.8
+(TOCENTRY
+L578 policy.sgml
+-Logfiles
+L579
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.9
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.9
+(TOCENTRY
+L598 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- - for the use of the system administrator
+L599
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L627 policy.sgml
+-Permissions and ownerships
+L628
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L676 policy.sgml
+-Configuration files
+L677
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L689 policy.sgml
+-Maintainer scripts
+L690
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L740 policy.sgml
+-Scripts in general
+L741
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .7
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.7
+(TOCENTRY
+L769 policy.sgml
+-Compilation options
+L770
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.8
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .8
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.8
+(TOCENTRY
+L814 policy.sgml
+-Shared library packages
+L815
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.9
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .9
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.9
+(TOCENTRY
+L871 policy.sgml
+-Application configuration files, dotfiles and
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+L872
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-mail
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .10
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.10
+(TOCENTRY
+L908 policy.sgml
+-Mail processing on Debian systems
+L909
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.11
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .11
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.11
+(TOCENTRY
+L981 policy.sgml
+-Packages which can use the X shared libraries
+L982
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.12
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .12
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.12
+(TOCENTRY
+L999 policy.sgml
+-Games
+L1000
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.13
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .13
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.13
+(TOCENTRY
+L1030 policy.sgml
+-Allocating package-specific users and groups
+L1031
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(TOCENTRY
+L1068 policy.sgml
+-Source package\n
+L1070
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L1070 policy.sgml
+-Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer
+L1071
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L1105 policy.sgml
+-Standards conformance and
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1106
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L1142 policy.sgml
+-Documentation and the
+(TT
+-changelog
+)TT
+L1143
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L1163 policy.sgml
+-Changes to the upstream sources
+L1164
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L1188 policy.sgml
+-Error trapping in makefiles
+L1189
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-developer
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(TOCENTRY
+L1209 policy.sgml
+-How to become a Debian developer\n
+L1211
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s5.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L1211 policy.sgml
+-Before you start work
+L1212
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s5.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L1242 policy.sgml
+-When you have a package to upload
+L1243
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-changesfiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L1270 policy.sgml
+-Upload handling -
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files
+L1271
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-mailinglists
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 6
+(TOCENTRY
+L1300 policy.sgml
+-The Debian mailing lists
+L1301
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-conversion
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(TOCENTRY
+L1320 policy.sgml
+-Conversion procedure from old source packages
+L1321
+)TOCENTRY
+)TOC
+L47 policy.sgml
+AID CDATA scope
+L49
+ASRID CDATA ch-scope
+ACHAPT CDATA 1
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 1
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L50
+)HEADING
+(P
+L51
+-\nThis manual describes the criteria that a Debian-format package must\nsatisfy to be included in the Debian distribution.
+L54
+)P
+(P
+L55
+-\nMuch of this information will be useful even when building a package\nwhich is to be distributed in some other way or is for local use.
+L58
+)P
+(P
+L59
+-\nThis manual does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- describe the technical mechanisms involved\nin package creation, installation and removal. This information can\nbe found in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual and the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- system\nadministrators' manual.
+L64
+)P
+(P
+L65
+-\nThis document assumes familiarity with these other two manuals.\nUnfortunately the system administrators' manual does not exist yet.
+L68
+)P
+(P
+L69
+-\nThe Debian version of the FSF's GNU
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- program is provided\nas an example for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+L72
+)P
+(P
+L73
+-\n
+(EM
+-Note that this document is still a draft!
+)EM
+-\n
+L76
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA pkgcopyright
+ASRID CDATA ch-pkgcopyright
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Package copyright
+L77
+)HEADING
+(P
+L78
+-\nPlease study the copyright of your submission
+(EM
+-carefully
+)EM
+- and\nunderstand it before proceeding. If you have doubts or questions,\nplease ask.
+L82
+)P
+(P
+L83
+-\nThe aims of the policy detailed below are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L86
+(ITEM
+L87
+(P
+-That any user be able to rebuild any package in the official Debian\ndistribution from the original source plus our patches.
+L89
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L90
+(P
+-That we make available in our packaging formats as much software as we\ncan.
+L92
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L93
+(P
+-That it be easy for people to make CDROMs of our distribution without\nviolating copyrights.
+L95
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L96
+)P
+(P
+L97
+-\nAll packages in the Debian distribution proper must be freely useable,\nmodifiable and redistributable in both source and binary form. It\nmust be possible for anyone to distribute and use modified source code\nand their own own compiled binaries, at least when they do so as part\nof a Debian distribution.
+L103
+)P
+(P
+L104
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do\nnot allow distribution and copying for profit, without restriction on\nthe amount charged, or where distribution is restricted according to\nthe medium used, or where the distributor must ask any kind of special\npermission of the authors, or with other onerous conditions, may only\nbe placed in the semi-supported non-free section of the Debian FTP\narchives. This is important so that CDROM manufacturers can\ndistribute Debian without having to check the copyright of each\npackage individually, simply by leaving out the contents of the\nnon-free area; CDROM distributors are encouraged, though, to check the\ncopyrights on programs in non-free individually and include as many as\nthey can.
+L117
+)P
+(P
+L118
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) allow\nonly distribution of compiled binaries (and thus of which only\nbinaries are available), or where the source code which may be\ndistributed is not the complete source code required to compile the\nprogram (ie, the program cannot be compiled using only packages in the\nmain Debian distribution), or which depend for their use on non-free\nor contrib packages, or allow free use only for a trial period\n(shareware), or are demonstration programs lacking vital functionality\n(crippleware), or are only installer-packages which require the user\nto supply a separate file to be installed, or which fail to meet some\nother policy requirements, may only be placed in the semi-supported\ncontrib section of the Debian FTP archives (unless they need to be in\nnon-free - see above).
+L132
+)P
+(P
+L133
+-\nPrograms whose authors encourage the user to make donations are fine\nfor the main distribution, provided that the authors do not claim that\nnot donating is immoral, unethical, illegal or something similar;\notherwise they must go in contrib (or non-free, if even distribution\nis restricted by such statements).
+L139
+)P
+(P
+L140
+-\nPackages whose copyright permission notices (or patent problems) do\nnot allow redistribution even of only binaries, and where no special\npermission has been obtained, cannot placed on the Debian FTP site and\nits mirrors at all.
+L145
+)P
+(P
+L146
+-\nNote that under international copyright law
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This applies in\nthe United States, too.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-
+(EM
+-no
+)EM
+- distribution or modification\nof a work is allowed without an explicit notice saying so. Therefore\na program without a copyright notice
+(EM
+-is
+)EM
+- copyrighted and you may\nnot do anything to it without risking being sued! Likewise if a\nprogram has a copyright notice but no statement saying what is\npermitted then nothing is permitted.
+L154
+)P
+(P
+L155
+-\nMany authors are unaware of the problems that restrictive copyrights\n(or lack of copyright notices) can cause for the users of their\nsupposedly-free software. It is often worthwhile contacting such\nauthors diplomatically to ask them to modify their terms generally, or\nspecially for Debian. However, this is a politically difficult thing\nto do and you should ask for advice on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- first.
+L162
+)P
+(P
+L163
+-\nWhen in doubt, send mail to
+(EMAIL
+-debian-devel@lists.debian.org
+)EMAIL
+-. Be\nprepared to provide us with the copyright statement. Software covered\nby the GPL, public domain software and BSD-like copyrights are safe;\nbe wary of the phrases `commercial use prohibited' and `distribution\nrestricted'.
+L169
+)P
+(P
+L170
+-\nEvery package submission
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- be accompanied by verbatim copy of\nits copyright (with the exceptions of public domain packages and those\ncovered by the UCB BSD licence or the GNU GPL or LGPL; in these cases\nsimply indicate which is appropriate). This information must be\nincluded in a file installed by the binary package - see
+AID CDATA copyrightfile
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-copyrightfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.6
+(REF
+L513 policy.sgml
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+L514
+)REF
+L176
+-.\n
+L178
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+ASRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 3
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Contents of the binary package\n
+L180
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Control file requirements\n
+L182
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- information
+L183
+)HEADING
+(P
+L184
+-\nAll packages must have a
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- field with the correct name\nand a working email address for the Debian maintainer of the package.\nIf one person maintains several packages they should try to avoid\nhaving different forms of their name and address in different\n
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- fields.\n
+L191
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies and virtual packages
+L192
+)HEADING
+(P
+L193
+-\nAdd a dependency for any shared libraries required by\ndynamically-linked executable binaries in your package. Almost every\npackage containing compiled C code should therefore include a\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- field which mentions the shared C library required for\nthe program to run. For ELF binaries linked against
+(TT
+-libc.so.5
+)TT
+-\nthe relevant package name is
+(TT
+-libc5
+)TT
+-.
+L200
+)P
+(P
+L201
+-\nAll packages must use virtual package names where appropriate, and\narrange to create new ones if necessary. They must not use virtual\npackage names (except privately, amongst a cooperating group of\npackages) unless they have been agreed upon and appear in the list of\nvirtual package names.
+L207
+)P
+(P
+L208
+-\nThe latest version of the authoritative list of virtual package names\ncan be found on
+(FTPSITE
+-ftp.debian.org
+)FTPSITE
+- in\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/debian/doc/package-developer/virtual-package-names-list.text
+)FTPPATH
+-\nor your local mirror. The procedure for updating it is described at\nthe top of the file.\n
+L215
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.3
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L216
+)HEADING
+(P
+L217
+-\nDecide whether your package can go in
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+- or\nthe main distribution - see
+AID CDATA pkgcopyright
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-pkgcopyright
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(REF
+L76 policy.sgml
+-Package copyright
+L77
+)REF
+-, and put\nan appropriate value for the distribution in the\n
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- file.
+L222
+)P
+(P
+L223
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- control file fields give\ninformation for classifying the package in
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- and say\nwhich directory to place it in the FTP archive.
+L227
+)P
+(P
+L228
+-\nThey are ultimately the responsibility of the distribution\nmaintainers; however, you should suggest values for them in your\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- information when you upload a package. You do this by\nincluding appropriate information in the
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file\nbefore building the packages.
+L234
+)P
+(P
+L235
+-\nFor a list of the currently in-use sections, please see the FTP\narchive. Packages in the non-free and contrib areas should have\nsection
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+-, respectively.\n
+L240
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.1.3.1
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- values
+L241
+)HEADING
+(P
+L242
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L244
+(TAG
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+L245
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L246
+(P
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+- packages are necessary for the proper functioning of the\nsystem. You must not remove these packages or your system may become\ntotally broken and you may probably not even be able to use\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to put things back. Systems with only the
+(TT
+-required
+)TT
+-\npackages are probably unuseable, but they do have enough functionality\nto allow the sysadmin to boot and install more software.\n
+L253
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+L254
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L255
+(P
+-Important programs, including those which one would expect to find on\nany Unix-like system. If the expectation is that an experienced Unix\nperson who found it missing would go `What the F*!@\|<\|+ is going on,\nwhere is
+(PRGN
+-foo
+)PRGN
+-', it should be in
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+-. This is an\nimportant criterion because we are trying to produce, amongst other\nthings, a free Unix. Other packages without which the system will not\nrun well or be useable should also be here. This does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+-\ninclude Emacs or X11 or TeX or any other large applications. The\n
+(TT
+-important
+)TT
+- packages are just a bare minimum of commonly-expected\nand necessary tools.\n
+L266
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-standard
+)TT
+L267
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L268
+(P
+-These packages provide a reasonably small but not too limited\ncharacter-mode system. This is what will install by default if the\nuser doesn't select anything else. It doesn't include many large\napplications, but it does include Emacs (this is more of a piece of\ninfrastructure than an application) and a reasonable subset of TeX and\nLaTeX (if this is possible without X).\n
+L275
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-optional
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-In a sense everything is optional that\nisn't required, but that's not what is meant here.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L277
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L278
+(P
+-This is all the software that you might reasonably want to install if\nyou didn't know what it was or don't have specialised requirements.\nThis is a much larger system and includes X11, a full TeX\ndistribution, and lots of applications.\n
+L283
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-extra
+)TT
+L284
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L285
+(P
+-This contains packages that conflict with others with higher\npriorities, or are only likely to be useful if you already know what\nthey are or have specialised requirements.\n
+L289
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L290
+)P
+(P
+L291
+-\nPriority values are not case-sensitive.\n
+L294
+)P
+)SECT2
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.1.3.2
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Base packages
+L295
+)HEADING
+(P
+L296
+-\nSome packages have
+(TT
+-Section: base
+)TT
+- and are in the
+(TT
+-base
+)TT
+-\nsubdirectory on the FTP archives. These are the packages that are\nsupplied on the base disks. They are the minimum sensible set for\ninstalling new packages (perhaps via a network).
+L301
+)P
+(P
+L302
+-\nMost of these packages should have
+(TT
+-Priority: required
+)TT
+- or at least\n
+(TT
+-Priority: important
+)TT
+-.\n
+L306
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.4
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-The
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+- flag
+L307
+)HEADING
+(P
+L308
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Essential: yes
+)TT
+- control file field should not be used unless\nremoving a package really will completely hose the system; nor should\nit be used for a shared library package - the dependencies will\nprevent its premature removal, and we need to be able to remove it\nwhen it has been superseded.\n
+L315
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.5
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Including
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- in the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+-\ncontrol file
+L317
+)HEADING
+(P
+L318
+-\nIf a user installs a package which is not part of the standard\ndistribution, or without downloading and updating from a new\n
+(PRGN
+-Packages
+)PRGN
+- file, the information about the priority and section\nof a package will be absent, and the
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- package listing\nwill have the package listed under `unclassified'. In order to\nimprove this it is permissible to use the
+(TT
+--is
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--isp
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+--ip
+)TT
+- option to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-, so that the
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-\nand/or
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- is copied into the actual control information in\nthe
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file. However, if you do this you should make sure you\nkeep the information up to date so that users are not shown\nconflicting information.\n\n
+L332
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.6
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Formatting of the
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- control file field
+L333
+)HEADING
+(P
+L334
+-\nEvery Debian package should have an extended description.
+L336
+)P
+(P
+L337
+-\nThe description should be written so that it tells the user what they\nneed to know to decide whether to install the package. This\ndescription should not just be copied from the blurb for the program.\nInstructions for configuring or using the package should not be\nincluded - that is what installation scripts, manpages, Info files and\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- are for. Copyright statements and other\nadministrivia should not be included - that is what\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+- is for.
+L346
+)P
+(P
+L347
+-\nIf you wish to include a list in your extended with entries which are\na line or more each you must indent each entry by one space to make\nsure that it doesn't get wordwrapped. The start of each list entry\nshould be marked with an asterisk, followed by a single space. You\nmust wrap the list entries yourself to 75 columns, and should start\ncontinuation lines indented by three spaces so that they line up with\nthe start of the text on the first line of each list entry.
+L355
+)P
+(P
+L356
+-\nSee the programmers' manual for further requirements and pitfalls.\n
+L359
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Locations of files
+L360
+)HEADING
+(P
+L361
+-\nThe location of all installed files and directories must comply fully\nwith the Linux File System Standard (FSSTND). The latest version of\nthis document can be found alongside this manual or on\n
+(FTPSITE
+-tsx-11.mit.edu
+)FTPSITE
+- in\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/
+)FTPPATH
+-. Specific questions\nabout following the standard may be asked on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+-, or\nreferred to Daniel Quinlan, the FSSTND coordinator, at\n
+(EMAIL
+-quinlan@yggdrasil.com
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L370
+)P
+(P
+L372
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Manpages
+L373
+)HEADING
+(P
+L374
+-\nYou must install manpages in
+(PRGN
+-nroff
+)PRGN
+- source form, in appropriate\nplaces under
+(TT
+-/usr/man
+)TT
+-. You should only use sections 1 to 9\n(see the FSSTND for more details). You must
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- install a\npreformatted `cat page'.
+L379
+)P
+(P
+L380
+-\nIf no manual page is available for a particular program, utility or\nfunction and this is reported as a bug on debian-bugs, a symbolic link\nfrom the requested manual page to the
+ANAME CDATA undocumented
+ASECTION CDATA 7
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L384
+- manual page should be provided. This symbolic link can be\ncreated from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L387
+-ln -s ../man7/undocumented.7 \\\n debian/tmp/usr/man/man[1-9]/the_requested_manpage.[1-9]
+L389
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThis manpage claims that the lack of a manpage has been reported as a\nbug, so you may only do this if it really has (you can report it\nyourself, if you like). Do not close the bug report until a proper\nmanpage is available.
+L394
+)P
+(P
+L395
+-\nYou may forward a complaint about a missing manpage to the upstream\nauthors, and mark the bug as forwarded in the Debian bug tracking\nsystem. Even though the GNU Project do not in general consider the\nlack of a manpage to be a bug, we do - if they tell you that they\ndon't consider it a bug you should leave the bug in our bug tracking\nsystem open anyway.
+L402
+)P
+(P
+L403
+-\nManpages should be installed compressed using
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-.
+L405
+)P
+(P
+L406
+-\nIf one manpage needs to be accesssible via several names it is better\nto use a symbolic link than the
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- feature, but there is no need\nto fiddle with the relevant parts of the upstream source to change\nfrom
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- to symlinks - don't do it unless it's easy. Do not\ncreate hard links in the manual page directories, and do not put\nabsolute filenames in
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- directives. The filename in a\n
+(TT
+-.so
+)TT
+- in a manpage should be relative to the base of the manpage\ntree (usually
+(TT
+-/usr/man
+)TT
+-).\n
+L416
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Info documents
+L417
+)HEADING
+(P
+L418
+-\nInfo documents should be installed in
+(TT
+-/usr/info
+)TT
+-. They should\nbe compressed with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-.
+L421
+)P
+(P
+L422
+-\nYour package must call
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+- to update the Info
+(TT
+-dir
+)TT
+-\nfile, in its post-installation script:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L426
+-install-info --quiet --section Development Development \\\n /usr/info/foobar.info
+L428
+)EXAMPLE
+L429
+)P
+(P
+L430
+-\nIt is a good idea to specify a section for the location of your\nprogram; this is done with the
+(TT
+---section
+)TT
+- switch. To determine\nwhich section to use, you should use look at
+(TT
+-/usr/info/dir
+)TT
+- on\nyour system and choose the most relevant (or create a new section if\nnone of the current sections are relevant). Note that the\n
+(TT
+---section
+)TT
+- flag takes two arguments; the first is a regular\nexpression to match (case-insensitively) against an existing section,\nthe second is used when creating a new one.
+L439
+)P
+(P
+L440
+-\nYou must remove the entries in the pre-removal script:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L443
+-install-info --quiet --remove /usr/info/foobar.info
+L444
+)EXAMPLE
+L445
+)P
+(P
+L446
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+- cannot find a description entry in the Info file\nyou will have to supply one. See
+ANAME CDATA install-info
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+-\nfor details.\n
+L451
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.3
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Additional documentation
+L452
+)HEADING
+(P
+L453
+-\nAny additional documentation that comes with the package can be\ninstalled at the discretion of the package maintainer. Text\ndocumentation should be installed in a directory\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Where
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- is the\nname of the package.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- and compressed with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-\nunless it is small.
+L460
+)P
+(P
+L461
+-\nIf a package comes with large amounts of documentation which many\nusers of the package will not require you should create a separate\nbinary package to contain it, so that it does not take up disk space\non the machines of users who do not need or want it installed.
+L466
+)P
+(P
+L467
+-\nIt is often a good idea to put text information files (
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+-s,\nchangelogs, and so forth) that come with the source package in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- in the binary package. However, don't\ninstall the instructions for building and installing the package, of\ncourse!\n
+L474
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Preferred documentation formats
+L475
+)HEADING
+(P
+L476
+-\nThe unification of Debian documentation is being carried out via HTML.
+L478
+)P
+(P
+L479
+-\nIf your package comes with extensive documentation in a markup format\nthat can be converted to various other formats you should if possible\nship HTML versions in the binary package, in the directory\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or its subdirectories.
+L484
+)P
+(P
+L485
+-\nOther formats such as PostScript may be provided at your option.\n
+L488
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.4.1
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Examples
+L489
+)HEADING
+(P
+L490
+-\nAny examples (configurations, source files, whatever), should be\ninstalled in a directory
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/examples
+)TT
+-.\nThese files should not be referenced by any program - they're there\nfor the benefit of the system administrator and users, as\ndocumentation only.\n
+L497
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA instchangelog
+ASRID CDATA s-instchangelog
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.5
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/changelog.Debian.gz
+)TT
+L498
+)HEADING
+(P
+L499
+-\nThis installed file must contain a copy of the
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+-\nfile from your Debian source tree.
+L502
+)P
+(P
+L503
+-\nIt should be installed compressed using
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-, as it will\nbecome large with time even if it starts out small.
+L506
+)P
+(P
+L507
+-\nIf the package has only one changelog which is used both as the Debian\nchangelog and the upstream one because there is no separate upstream\nmaintainer then the changelog should usually be installed as\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/changelog.gz
+)TT
+- instead.\n
+L513
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA copyrightfile
+ASRID CDATA s-copyrightfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.6
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+L514
+)HEADING
+(P
+L515
+-\nThis file must contain details of the authorship and copyright of the\npackage. It must say where the upstream sources (if any) were\nobtained, and explain briefly what modifications were made in the\nDebian version of the package compared to the upstream one. It must\nname the original authors of the package and the Debian maintainer(s)\nwho were involved with its creation.
+L522
+)P
+(P
+L523
+-\nIt must contain the full text of the copyright notice and any\nacknowledgements for the program and the licence terms under which the\nprogram is distributed. If the package is distributed under the GNU\nGeneral Public Licence, the GNU Library General Public Licence, the\nRegents of the University of California at Berkeley (BSD) licence or\nLarry Wall's Artistic Licence please say so instead of including a\ncopy of the licence. The files
+(TT
+-BSD
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-GPL
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-LGPL
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-Artistic
+)TT
+- are be available in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright
+)TT
+- for you\nto refer to.
+L533
+)P
+(P
+L534
+-\nThe copyright file should not be compressed unless it is very large.
+L536
+)P
+(P
+L537
+-\nDo not use the copyright file as a general
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+- file. If your\npackage has such a file it should be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/README
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-README.Debian
+)TT
+- or some\nother appropriate place.\n
+L543
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.7
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Symbolic links
+L544
+)HEADING
+(P
+L545
+-\nMost symbolic links should be relative, not absolute. Absolute links,\nin general, cause problems when a file system is not mounted where it\n"normally" resides (for example, when mounted via NFS).
+L549
+)P
+(P
+L550
+-\nIn particular, symlinks from one part of
+(TT
+-/usr
+)TT
+- to another\nshould be relative.
+L553
+)P
+(P
+L554
+-\nIn certain cases, however, relative links may cause more problems.\nFor example, links into
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-/var
+)TT
+- should be\nabsolute.
+L558
+)P
+(P
+L559
+-\nNote that when creating a relative link using
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+- it is not\nnecessary for the target of the link to exist relative to the working\ndirectory you're running
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+- from; nor is it necessary to change\ndirectory to the directory where the link is to be made. Simply\ninclude the string that should appear as the target of the link (this\nwill be a pathname relative to the directory in which the link\nresides) as the first argument to
+(PRGN
+-ln
+)PRGN
+-.
+L567
+)P
+(P
+L568
+-\nFor example, in your
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- or
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-, do things\nlike:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L572
+-ln -fs gcc $(prefix)/bin/cc\nln -fs gcc debian/tmp/usr/bin/cc\nln -fs ../sbin/sendmail $(prefix)/bin/runq\nln -fs ../sbin/sendmail debian/tmp/usr/bin/runq
+L576
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L578
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.8
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.8
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Logfiles
+L579
+)HEADING
+(P
+L580
+-\nLogfiles should usually be named\n
+(TT
+-/var/log/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-.log
+)TT
+-. If you have many logfiles,\nor need a separate directory for permissions reasons\n(
+(TT
+-/var/log
+)TT
+- is writeable only by
+(TT
+-root
+)TT
+-), you should usually\ncreate a directory named
+(TT
+-/var/log/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.
+L586
+)P
+(P
+L587
+-\nMake sure that any logfiles are rotated occasionally using so that\nthey don't grow indefinitely; the best way to do this is to use\n
+(PRGN
+-savelog
+)PRGN
+- program in an
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.daily
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.weekly
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-/etc/cron.monthly
+)TT
+- script.
+L592
+)P
+(P
+L593
+-\nMake sure that any logfiles are removed when the package is purged\n(but not when it is only removed), by checking the argument to the\npostrm script (see the programmer's manual for details).\n
+L598
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.9
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.9
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- - for the use of the system administrator
+L599
+)HEADING
+(P
+L600
+-\nAs mandated by the FSSTND no package should place any files in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+-, either by putting them in the filesystem archive to\nbe unpacked by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- or by manipulating them in their maintainer\nscripts.
+L605
+)P
+(P
+L606
+-\nEvery package that searches a number of directories or files for\nsomething (for example, looking for shared libraries in
+(TT
+-/lib
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/lib
+)TT
+-) should search an appropriate directory in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- too.
+L611
+)P
+(P
+L612
+-\nIn order that the system administrator may know where to place\nadditional files a package should create an empty directory in the\nappropriate place in
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- by supplying it in the\nfilesystem archive for unpacking by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. The\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- directory itself and all the subdirectories created\nby the package should have permissions 2775 (group-writeable and\nset-group-id) and be owned by
+(TT
+-root.staff
+)TT
+-.
+L620
+)P
+(P
+L621
+-\nIn the future it will be possible to tell
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- not to unpack\nfiles matching certain patterns, so that system administrators who do\nnot wish these directories in
+(TT
+-/usr/local
+)TT
+- do not need to have\nthem.\n
+L627
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Permissions and ownerships
+L628
+)HEADING
+(P
+L629
+-\nThe rules in this section are guidelines for general use. If\nnecessary you may deviate from the details below. However, if you do\nso you must make sure that what is done is secure and you must try to\nbe as consistent as possible with the rest of the system. You should\nprobably also discuss it on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- first.
+L635
+)P
+(P
+L636
+-\nFiles should be owned by
+(TT
+-root.root
+)TT
+-, and made writeable only by\nthe owner and universally readable (and executable, if appropriate).
+L639
+)P
+(P
+L640
+-\nDirectories should be mode 755 or (for group-writability) mode 2775.\nThe ownership of the directory should be consistent with its mode -\nif a directory is mode 2775, it should be owned by the group that\nneeds write access to it.
+L645
+)P
+(P
+L646
+-\nSetuid and setgid executables should be mode 4755 or 2755\nrespectively, and owned by the appropriate user or group. They should\nnot be made unreadable (modes like 4711 or 2711 or even 4111); doing\nso achieves no extra security, because anyone can find the binary in\nthe freely available Debian package - it is merely inconvenient. For\nthe same reason you should not restrict read or execute permissions on\nnon-set-id executables.
+L654
+)P
+(P
+L655
+-\nSome setuid programs need to be restricted to particular sets of\nusers, using file permissions. In this case they should be owned by\nthe uid to which they are set-id, and by the group which should be\nallowed to execute them. They should have mode 4754; there is no\npoint in making them unreadable to those users who must not be allowed\nto execute them.
+L662
+)P
+(P
+L663
+-\nDo not arrange that the system administrator can only reconfigure the\npackage to correspond to their local security policy by changing the\npermissions on a binary. Ordinary files installed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- (as\nopposed to conffiles and other similar objects) have their permissions\nreset to the distributed permissions when the package is reinstalled.\nInstead you should consider (for example) creating a group for people\nallowed to use the program(s) and making any setuid executables\nexecutable only by that group.
+L672
+)P
+(P
+L673
+-\nShared libraries should be installed executable.\n
+L676
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration files
+L677
+)HEADING
+(P
+L678
+-\nAny configuration files created or used by your package should reside\nin
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+-. If there are several you should consider creating a\nsubdirectory named after your package.
+L682
+)P
+(P
+L683
+-\nIt is almost certain that any file in
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- that is in your\npackage's filesystem archive should be listed in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s\n
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+- control area file. (See the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nmanual).\n
+L689
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.5
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Maintainer scripts
+L690
+)HEADING
+(P
+L691
+-\nThe package installation scripts should avoid producing output which\nit is unnecessary for the user to see and should rely on
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to\nstave off boredom on the part of a user installing many packages.\nThis means, amongst other things, using the
+(TT
+---quiet
+)TT
+- option on\n
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+-.
+L697
+)P
+(P
+L698
+-\nPackages should try to minimise the amount of prompting they need to\ndo, and they should ensure that the user will only every be asked each\nquestion once. This means that packages should try to use appropriate\nshared configuration files (such as
+(TT
+-/etc/papersize
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-/etc/news/server
+)TT
+-, rather than each prompting for their own\nlist of required pieces of information.
+L705
+)P
+(P
+L706
+-\nIt also means that an upgrade should not ask the same questions again,\nunless the user has used
+(TT
+-dpkg --purge
+)TT
+- to remove the package's\nconfiguration. The answers to configuration questions should be\nstored in an appropriate place in
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+- so that the user can\nmodify them, and how this has been done should be documented.
+L712
+)P
+(P
+L713
+-\nIf a package has a vitally important piece of information to pass to\nthe user (such as "don't run me as I am, you must edit the following\nconfiguration files first or you risk your system emitting\nbadly-formatted messages"), it should display this in the\n
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script and prompt the user to hit return to\nacknowledge the message. Copyright messages do not count as vitally\nimportant (they belong in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright
+)TT
+-); neither do\ninstructions on how to use a program (these should be in on line\ndocumentation, where all the users can see them).
+L723
+)P
+(P
+L724
+-\nAny necessary prompting should almost always be confined to the\npost-installation script, and should be protected with a conditional\nso that unnecssary prompting doesn't happen if a package's\ninstallation fails and the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- is called with\n
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-abort-remove
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-abort-deconfigure
+)TT
+-.
+L730
+)P
+(P
+L731
+-\nErrors which occur during the execution of an installation script\n
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- be checked and the installation
+(EM
+-must not
+)EM
+- continue after\nan error.
+L735
+)P
+(P
+L736
+-\nThe section below on scripts in general applies to package maintainer\nscripts too.\n
+L740
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.6
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Scripts in general
+L741
+)HEADING
+(P
+L742
+-\nAll command scripts, including the package maintainer scripts inside\nthe package and used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, should have a
+(TT
+-#!
+)TT
+- line naming\nthe shell to be used to interpret them.
+L746
+)P
+(P
+L747
+-\nIn the case of Perl scripts this should be
+(TT
+-#!/usr/bin/perl
+)TT
+-.
+L749
+)P
+(P
+L750
+-\nShell scripts (
+(PRGN
+-sh
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-bash
+)PRGN
+-) should almost certainly\nstart with
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- so that errors are detected. Every script\n
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- use
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- or check the exit status of
+(EM
+-every
+)EM
+-\ncommand.
+L755
+)P
+(P
+L756
+-\nPerl scripts should check for errors when making any system calls,\nincluding
+(TT
+-open
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-print
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-close
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-rename
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-system
+)TT
+-.
+L760
+)P
+(P
+L761
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-tcsh
+)PRGN
+- should be avoided as scripting languages. See\nCsh Programming Considered Harmful, one of the
+(TT
+-comp.unix.*
+)TT
+- FAQs.\nIf an upstream package comes with
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+- scripts then you must make\nsure that they start with
+(TT
+-#!/bin/csh
+)TT
+- and make your package\ndepend on
+(PRGN
+-csh
+)PRGN
+-.
+L767
+)P
+(P
+L769
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .7
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.7
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Compilation options
+L770
+)HEADING
+(P
+L771
+-\nGenerally the following compilation parameters should be used:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L774
+-CC = gcc\nCFLAGS = -O2 -g -Wall # sane warning options vary between programs\nLDFLAGS = # none\ninstall -s # (or use strip on the files in debian/tmp)
+L778
+)EXAMPLE
+L779
+)P
+(P
+L780
+-\nNote that all installed binaries should be stripped, either by using\nthe
+(TT
+--s
+)TT
+- flag to
+(PRGN
+-install
+)PRGN
+-, or by calling
+(PRGN
+-strip
+)PRGN
+- on the\nbinaries after they have been copied into
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+- but\nbefore the tree is made into a package.
+L785
+)P
+(P
+L786
+-\nMake sure that you do not link with
+(TT
+--g
+)TT
+-, as this makes a.out\ncompilers produce huge statically linked binaries. The
+(TT
+--g
+)TT
+- flag\nis useful on compilation so that you have available a full set of\ndebugging symbols in your built source tree, in case anyone should\nfile a bug report involving (for example) a core dump.
+L792
+)P
+(P
+L793
+-\nThe
+(TT
+--N
+)TT
+- flag should not be used. On a.out systems it may have\nbeen useful for some very small binaries, but for ELF it has no good\neffect.
+L797
+)P
+(P
+L798
+-\nIt is up to the package maintainer to decide what compilation options\nare best for the package. Certain binaries (such as\ncomputationally-intensive programs) may function better with certain\nflags (
+(TT
+--O3
+)TT
+-, for example); feel free to use them. Please use good\njudgment here. Don't use flags for the sake of it; only use them if\nthere is good reason to do so. Feel free to override the upstream\nauthor's ideas about which compilation options are best - they are\noften inappropriate for our environment.
+L807
+)P
+(P
+L808
+-\nPlease make sure that you use only released versions of shared\nlibraries to build your packages; otherwise other users will not be\nable to run your binaries properly. Producing source packages that\ndepend on unreleased compilers is also usually a bad idea.\n
+L814
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.8
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .8
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.8
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Shared library packages
+L815
+)HEADING
+(P
+L816
+-\nPackages involving shared libraries should be split up into several\nbinary packages.
+L819
+)P
+(P
+L820
+-\nFor a straightforward library which has a development environment and\na runtime kit including just shared libraries you need to create two\npackages:
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- is\nthe shared object name of the shared library - it's the thing that has\nto match exactly between building an executable and running it for the\ndynamic linker to be able run the program. Usually the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+-\nis the major number of the library.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- and\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+--dev
+)TT
+-.
+L829
+)P
+(P
+L830
+-\nIf you prefer only to support one development version time you may\nname the development package
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+--dev
+)TT
+-; otherwise you\nmay wish to use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conflicts mechanism to ensure that the\nuser only installs one development version at a time (after all,\ndifferent development versions are likely to have the same header\nfiles in them, causing a filename clash if both are installed).\nTypically the development version will also need an exact version\ndependency on the runtime library, to make sure that compilation and\nlinking happens correctly.
+L840
+)P
+(P
+L841
+-\nPackages which use the shared library should have a dependency on the\nname of the shared library package,\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. When the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- changes you\ncan have both versions of the library installed while moving from the\nold library to the new.
+L847
+)P
+(P
+L848
+-\nIf your package has some run-time support programs which use the\nshared library you must
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- put them in the shared library\npackage. If you do that then you won't be able to install several\nversions of the shared library without getting filename clashes.\nInstead, either create a third package for the runtime binaries (this\npackage might typically be named
+(TT
+(VAR
+-libraryname
+)VAR
+--runtime
+)TT
+- - note\nthe absence of the
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+- in the package name) or if the\ndevelopment package is small include them in there.
+L857
+)P
+(P
+L858
+-\nIf you have several shared libraries built from the same source tree\nyou can lump them all togther into a single shared library package,\nprovided that you change all their
+(VAR
+-soname
+)VAR
+-s at once (so that you\ndon't get filename clashes if you try to install different versions of\nthe combined shared libraries package).
+L864
+)P
+(P
+L865
+-\nFollow the directions in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual for\nputting the shared library in its package, and make sure you include a\n
+(TT
+-shlibs
+)TT
+- control area file with details of the dependencies for\npackages which use the library.\n
+L871
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.9
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .9
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.9
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Application configuration files, dotfiles and
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+L872
+)HEADING
+(P
+L873
+-\nFiles in
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- will automatically be copied into new user\naccounts by
+(PRGN
+-adduser
+)PRGN
+-. They should not be referenced there by\nany program.
+L877
+)P
+(P
+L878
+-\nTherefore, if a program needs a dotfile to exist in advance in\n
+(TT
+-$HOME
+)TT
+- to work sensibly that dotfile should be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- (and listed in conffiles, if it is not generated and\nmodified dynamically by the package's installation scripts).
+L883
+)P
+(P
+L884
+-\nHowever, programs that require dotfiles in order to operate sensibly\n(dotfiles that they do not create themselves automatically, that is)\nare a bad thing, and programs should be configured by the Debian\ndefault installation as close to normal as possible.
+L889
+)P
+(P
+L890
+-\nTherefore, if a program in a Debian package needs to be configured in\nsome way in order to operate sensibly that configuration should be\ndone in a site-wide global configuration file elsewhere in\n
+(TT
+-/etc
+)TT
+-. Only if the program doesn't support a site-wide default\nconfiguration and the package maintainer doesn't have time to add it\nshould a default per-user file be placed in
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+-.
+L897
+)P
+(P
+L898
+-\n
+(TT
+-/etc/skel
+)TT
+- should be as empty as we can make it. This is\nparticularly true because there is no easy mechanism for ensuring that\nthe appropriate dotfiles are copied into the accounts of existing\nusers when a package is installed.
+L903
+)P
+(P
+L904
+-\nIdeally the sysadmin should ideally not have to do any configuration\nother than that done (semi-)automatically by the postinst script.\n
+L908
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA mail
+ASRID CDATA s-mail
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .10
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.10
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Mail processing on Debian systems
+L909
+)HEADING
+(P
+L910
+-\nDebian packages which process electronic mail, whether\nmail-user-agents (MUAs) or mail-transport-agents (MTAs),
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+-\nmake sure that they are compatible with the configuration decisions\nbelow. Failure to do this may result in lost mail, broken
+(TT
+-From:
+)TT
+-\nlines, and other serious brain damage!
+L916
+)P
+(P
+L917
+-\nThe mail spool is
+(TT
+-/var/spool/mail
+)TT
+- and the interface to send a\nmail message is
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/sendmail
+)TT
+- (as per the FSSTND). The\nmail spool is part of the base system and not part of the MTA package.
+L921
+)P
+(P
+L922
+-\nMailboxes are locked using the
+(TT
+(VAR
+-username
+)VAR
+-.lock
+)TT
+- lockfile\nconvention, rather than
+(PRGN
+-fcntl
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-flock
+)PRGN
+- or
+(PRGN
+-lockf
+)PRGN
+-.
+L925
+)P
+(P
+L926
+-\nMailboxes are generally 660
+(TT
+(VAR
+-user
+)VAR
+-.mail
+)TT
+- unless the user has\nchosen otherwise. A MUA may remove a mailbox (unless it has\nnonstandard permissions) in which case the MTA or another MUA must\nrecreate it if needed. Mailboxes must be writeable by group mail.
+L931
+)P
+(P
+L932
+-\nThe mail spool is 2775
+(TT
+-mail.mail
+)TT
+-, and MUA's need to be setgid\nmail to do the locking mentioned above (and obviously need to avoid\naccessing other users' mailboxes using this privilege).
+L936
+)P
+(P
+L937
+-\n
+(TT
+-/etc/aliases
+)TT
+- is the source file for the system mail aliases\n(e.g. postmaster, usenet, etc.) - it is the one which the sysadmin\nand postinst scripts may edit. After
+(TT
+-/etc/aliases
+)TT
+- is edited\nthe program or human editing it must call
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+-. All MTA\npackages should come with a
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+- program, even if it does\nnothing, but older MTA packages do not do this so programs should not\nfail if
+(PRGN
+-newaliases
+)PRGN
+- cannot be found.
+L945
+)P
+(P
+L946
+-\nThe convention of writing
+(TT
+-forward to
+(VAR
+-address
+)VAR
+)TT
+- in the mailbox\nitself is not supported. Use a
+(TT
+-.forward
+)TT
+- file instead.
+L949
+)P
+(P
+L950
+-\nThe location for the
+(PRGN
+-rmail
+)PRGN
+- program used by UUCP for incoming\nmail is
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/rmail
+)TT
+-, as per the FSSTND. Likewise,\n
+(PRGN
+-rsmtp
+)PRGN
+-, for receiving batch-SMTP-over-UUCP, is in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/rsmtp
+)TT
+- if it is supported.
+L955
+)P
+(P
+L956
+-\nIf you need to know what name to use (for example) on outgoing news\nand mail messages which are generated locally, you should use the file\n
+(TT
+-/etc/mailname
+)TT
+-. It will contain the portion after the username\nand
+(TT
+-@
+)TT
+- (at) sign for email addresses of users on the machine\n(followed by a newline).
+L962
+)P
+(P
+L963
+-\nA package should check for the existence of this file. If it exists\nit should use it without comment.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-An MTA's prompting\nconfiguration script may wish to prompt the user even if it finds this\nfile exists.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- If it does not exist it should prompt the user\nfor the value and store it in
+(TT
+-/etc/mailname
+)TT
+- as well as using it\nin the package's configuration. The prompt should make it clear that\nthe name will not just be used by that package. E.g., in this\nsituation the INN package says:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L973
+-Please enter the `mail name' of your system. This is the hostname\nportion of the address to be shown on outgoing news and mail messages.\nThe default is
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+-, your system's host name.\nMail name [`
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+-']:
+L977
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nwhere
+(VAR
+-syshostname
+)VAR
+- is the output of
+(TT
+-hostname -fqdn
+)TT
+-.\n\n
+L981
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.11
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .11
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.11
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Packages which can use the X shared libraries
+L982
+)HEADING
+(P
+L983
+-\nSome programs can be configured with or without support for X Windows.\nTypically these binaries produced when configured for X will need the\nX shared libraries to run.
+L987
+)P
+(P
+L988
+-\nSuch programs should be configured
+(EM
+-with
+)EM
+- X support, and should\ndeclare a dependency on
+(TT
+-elf-x11r6lib
+)TT
+- (for the X11R6 libraries).\nUsers who wish to use the program can install just the relatively\nsmall
+(TT
+-xlib
+)TT
+- package, and do not need to install the whole of X.
+L993
+)P
+(P
+L994
+-\nDo not create two versions (one with X support and one without) of\nyour package.\n\n
+L999
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.12
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .12
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.12
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Games
+L1000
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1001
+-\nThe permissions on /var/lib/games are 755
+(TT
+-root.root
+)TT
+-.
+L1003
+)P
+(P
+L1004
+-\nEach game decides on its own security policy.
+L1006
+)P
+(P
+L1007
+-\nGames which require protected, privileged access to high-score files,\nsavegames, \|&\|c, must be made set-
+(EM
+-group
+)EM
+--id (mode 2755) and\nowned by
+(TT
+-root.games
+)TT
+-, and use files and directories with\nappropriate permissions (770
+(TT
+-root.games
+)TT
+-, for example). They must\n
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be made set-
+(EM
+-user
+)EM
+--id, as this causes security\nproblems.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-If an attacker can subvert any set-user-id game\nthey can overwrite the executable of any other, causing other players\nof these cames to run a trojan. With a set-group-id game the attacker\nonly gets access to less important game data, and if they can get at\nthe other players' accounts at all it will take considerably more\neffort.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1019
+)P
+(P
+L1020
+-\nSome packages, for example some fortune cookie programs, are\nconfigured by the upstream authors to install with their data files or\nother static information made unreadable so that they can only be\naccessed through set-id programs provided. Do not do this in a Debian\npackage: anyone can download the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file and read the data from\nit, so there is no point making the files unreadable. Not making the\nfiles unreadable also means that you don't have to make so many\nprograms set-id, which reduces the risk of a security hole.\n
+L1030
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.13
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .13
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.13
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Allocating package-specific users and groups
+L1031
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1032
+-\nIf you need to create a new user or group for your package there are\ntwo possibilities. Firstly, you may need to make some files in the\nbinary package be owned by this user or group, or you may need to\ncompile the user or group id (rather than just the name) into the\nbinary (though this latter should be avoided if possible). In this\ncase you need a statically allocated id.
+L1039
+)P
+(P
+L1040
+-\nYou must ask for a user or group id from the base system maintainer,\nand must not release the package until you have been allocated one.\nOnce you have been allocated one you must make the package depend\non a version of the base system with the id present in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/passwd
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-/etc/group
+)TT
+-, or alternatively arrange\nfor your package to create the user or group itself with the correct\nid (using
+(TT
+-adduser
+)TT
+-) in its pre- or post-installation script (the\nlatter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+L1049
+)P
+(P
+L1050
+-\nOn the other hand, the program may able to determine the uid or gid\nfrom the group name at runtime, so that a dynamic id can be used. In\nthis case you must choose an appropriate user or group name,\ndiscussing this on
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- and checking with the base system\nmaintainer that it is unique and that they do not wish you to use a\nstatically allocated id instead. When this has been checked you must\narrange for your package to create the user or group if necessary\nusing
+(PRGN
+-adduser
+)PRGN
+- in the pre- or post-installation script (again, the\nlatter is to be preferred if it is possible).
+L1060
+)P
+(P
+L1061
+-\nNote that changing the numeric value of an id associated with a name\nis very difficult, and involves searching the filesystem for all\nappropriate files. You need to think carefully whether a static or\ndynamic id is required, since changing your mind later will cause\nproblems.\n
+L1068
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+ASRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Source package\n
+L1070
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Releases of packages by other than the usual Debian maintainer
+L1071
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1072
+-\nUnder certain circumstances it is necessary for someone other than the\nusual package maintainer to make a release of a package. For example,\na porter for another architecture may have to make some small changes\nto the source package and does not wish to wait with uploading their\nrelease until the main maintainer has incorporated the patch, or a\nserious security problem may have come to light requiring immediate\nattention.
+L1080
+)P
+(P
+L1081
+-\nMaintainers other than the usual package maintainer should make as few\nchanges to the package as possible, and they should always send a\nunified context diff (
+(TT
+-diff -u
+)TT
+-) detailing their changes to the bug\ntracking system properly flagged with the correct package so that the\nusual maintainer is kept aware of the situation.
+L1087
+)P
+(P
+L1088
+-\nWhen someone other than the usual maintainer releases a package they\nshould add a new component to the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- component of\nthe version number - that is, the portion after the (last) hyphen.\nThis extra component will start at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-. This is to avoid\n`stealing' one of the usual maintainer's version numbers, possibly\ndisrupting their work. If there is no
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- component\nin the version number then one should be created, starting at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-.
+L1096
+)P
+(P
+L1097
+-\nIf it is absolutely necessary for someone other than the usual\nmaintainer to make a release based on a new upstream version then the\nperson making the release should start with the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+-\nvalue
+(TT
+-0.1
+)TT
+-. The usual maintainer of a package should start their\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- numbering at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-.\n\n
+L1105
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Standards conformance and
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1106
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1107
+-\nYou should specify the most recent version of the packaging standards\nwith which your package complies in the source package's\n
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- field.
+L1111
+)P
+(P
+L1112
+-\nThis value will be used to file bug reports automatically if your\npackage becomes too much out of date.
+L1115
+)P
+(P
+L1116
+-\nThe value corresponds to a version of the Debian manuals, as can be\nfound on the title page or page headers and footers (depending on the\nformat). The value for this version of the manuals and packaging\nstandards is
+(TT
+-0.2.0.0
+)TT
+-.
+L1121
+)P
+(P
+L1122
+-\nThe version number has four components - major and minor number and\nmajor and minor patchlevel. When the standards change in a way that\nrequires every package to change the major number will be changed.\nSignificant changes that will require work in many packages will be\nsignaled by a change to the minor number. The major patchlevel will\nbe changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however\nsmall; the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic,\ntypographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+L1131
+)P
+(P
+L1132
+-\nYou should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of\ndate, install the most recent version of dpkg and read\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/dpkg/changelog-manuals
+)TT
+- to see which changes, if any,\nare relevant. If any are relevant you should look up the relevant\nsection in the policy or programmers' manuals and update your package.\nWhen your package complies with the new standards you may update the\n
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- source package field and release it.\n\n
+L1142
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Documentation and the
+(TT
+-changelog
+)TT
+L1143
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1144
+-\nDocument your changes and updates to the source package properly in\nthe
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- file.
+L1147
+)P
+(P
+L1148
+-\nA copy of the file which will be installed in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+- should be in\n
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+-.
+L1152
+)P
+(P
+L1153
+-\nIn non-experimental packages you may only use a format for\n
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- which is supported by the most recent released\nversion of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. If your format is not supported and there is\ngeneral support for it you should contact the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- maintainer\nto have the parser script for your format included in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\npackage.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-You will need to agree that the parser and its\nmanpage may be distributed under the GNU GPL, just as the rest of\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L1163
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Changes to the upstream sources
+L1164
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1165
+-\nIf you need to edit a
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- where GNU-style
+(PRGN
+-configure
+)PRGN
+-\nscripts are used, you should edit the
+(TT
+-.in
+)TT
+- files rather than\nediting the
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+- directly. This allows the user to\nreconfigure the package if necessary. You should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- configure\nthe package and edit the generated
+(PRGN
+-Makefile
+)PRGN
+-! This makes it\nimpossible for someone else to later reconfigure the package.
+L1172
+)P
+(P
+L1173
+-\nIf changes to the source code are made that are generally applicable\nplease try to get them included in the upstream version of the package\nby supplying the upstream authors with the changes in whatever form\nthey prefer.
+L1178
+)P
+(P
+L1179
+-\nIf you need to configure the package differently for Debian or for\nLinux, and the upstream source doesn't provide a way to configure it\nthe way you need to, please add such configuration facilities (for\nexample, a new
+(PRGN
+-autoconf
+)PRGN
+- test or
+(TT
+-#define
+)TT
+-) and send the\npatch to the upstream authors, with the default set to the way they\noriginally had it. You can then easily override the default in your\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- or wherever is appropriate.\n
+L1188
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.5
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Error trapping in makefiles
+L1189
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1190
+-\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+- invokes a command in a makefile (including your\npackage's upstream makefiles and the
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-) it does so\nusing
+(TT
+-sh
+)TT
+-. This means that
+(TT
+-sh
+)TT
+-'s usual bad error handling\nproperties apply: if you include a miniature script as one of the\ncommands in your makefile you'll find that if you don't do anything\nabout it then errors are not detected and
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+- will blithely\ncontinue after problems.
+L1198
+)P
+(P
+L1199
+-\nEvery time you put more than one shell command (this includes using a\nloop) in a makefile command you
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- make sure that errors are\ntrapped. For simple compound commands, such as changing directory and\nthen running a program, using
+(TT
+-\|&\|\|&\|
+)TT
+- rather than semicolon as\na command separator is sufficient. For more complex commands\nincluding most loops and conditionals you must include a separate\n
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- command at the start of every makefile command that's\nactually one of these miniature shellscripts.\n
+L1209
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA developer
+ASRID CDATA ch-developer
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-How to become a Debian developer\n
+L1211
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s5.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Before you start work
+L1212
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1213
+-\nSo, you've read all the documentation, you understand what everything\nin the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- example package is for, and you're about to\nDebianise your favourite package. How do you actually become a Debian\ndeveloper so that your work can be incorporated into the Project?
+L1218
+)P
+(P
+L1219
+-\nFirstly, subscribe to
+(PRGN
+-debian-devel
+)PRGN
+- if you haven't already.\nSend the word
+(TT
+-subscribe
+)TT
+- in the
+(EM
+-Subject
+)EM
+- of a mail to\n
+(EMAIL
+-debian-devel-REQUEST@lists.debian.org
+)EMAIL
+-. In case of problems\ncontact the list administrator, Anders Chrigstrom
+(EMAIL
+-ac@netg.se
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L1224
+)P
+(P
+L1225
+-\nYou should to subscribe and lurk for a bit before doing any coding,\nand you should post about your intentions to work on something to\navoid duplicated effort.
+L1229
+)P
+(P
+L1230
+-\nIf you do not have a PGP key yet generate one. You should probably\nread the PGP manual, as it has much important information which is\ncritical to its security. Many more security failures are due to\nhuman error than to software failure or high-powered spy techniques.
+L1235
+)P
+(P
+L1236
+-\nIf you live in a country where use of cryptography even for signing is\nforbidden then please contact us so we can make special arrangements.\nThis does not apply in France, where I believe only encryption and not\nsigning is forbidden.\n
+L1242
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s5.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-When you have a package to upload
+L1243
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1244
+-\nWhen you have your package ready to be uploaded you must send a\nmessage to the project leader, Bruce Perens
+(EMAIL
+-bruce@pixar.com
+)EMAIL
+-,\nthe administrator of
+(TT
+-master.debian.org
+)TT
+-, Simon Shapiro\n
+(EMAIL
+-shimon@i-connect.net
+)EMAIL
+-, the mailing list administrator, Anders\nChrigstrom
+(EMAIL
+-ac@netg.se
+)EMAIL
+- and the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- maintainer, Ian\nJackson
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+-.
+L1251
+)P
+(P
+L1252
+-\nThe message should say what you've done and who you are, and should\nask for an account on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- and to be subscribed to\n
+(PRGN
+-debian-private
+)PRGN
+- (the developers-only mailing list). It should\ncontain your PGP key (extracted using
+(TT
+-pgp -kxa
+)TT
+-) for the database\nof keys which is shipped with
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.\n\nWhen you have your personal account on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- log in and\ntransfer the files to\n
+(TT
+-/home/Debian/ftp/private/project/Incoming
+)TT
+-. You cannot upload\nto
+(PRGN
+-Incoming
+)PRGN
+- on
+(PRGN
+-master
+)PRGN
+- using anonymous FTP.
+L1263
+)P
+(P
+L1264
+-\nYou can also upload files to
+(PRGN
+-Incoming
+)PRGN
+- via a
+(PRGN
+-cron
+)PRGN
+--driven\nupload queue in Europe on
+(FTPSITE
+-chiark.chu.cam.ac.uk
+)FTPSITE
+-. For details\nconnect to
+(PRGN
+-chiark
+)PRGN
+- using anonymous FTP and read\n
+(FTPPATH
+-/pub/debian/private/project/README.how-to-upload
+)FTPPATH
+-.\n
+L1270
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA changesfiles
+ASRID CDATA s-changesfiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ACSRID CDATA ch-developer
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 5.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Upload handling -
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files
+L1271
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1272
+-\nWhen a package is uploaded to the Debian FTP archive, it must be\naccompanied by a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file which gives directions for its\nhandling. This is usually generated by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-.
+L1276
+)P
+(P
+L1277
+-\nThis file is a control file with the following fields:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1280
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Format
+)TT
+L1281
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+L1282
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+L1283
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+L1284
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+L1285
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+L1286
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1287
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1288
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+L1289
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+L1290
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+L1291
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+L1292
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1293
+)P
+(P
+L1294
+-\nAll of them are mandatory for a Debian upload. See the list of\ncontrol fields in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual for the contents\nof these fields.\n\n
+L1300
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA mailinglists
+ASRID CDATA ch-mailinglists
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 6
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-The Debian mailing lists
+L1301
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1302
+-\nThe mailing list server is at
+(TT
+-lists.debian.org
+)TT
+-. Mail\n
+(TT
+-debian-
+(VAR
+-foo
+)VAR
+--REQUEST@lists.debian.org
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-where\n
+(TT
+-debian-
+(VAR
+-foo
+)VAR
+)TT
+- is the name of the list
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- with the word\n
+(TT
+-subscribe
+)TT
+- in the Subject to subscribe or
+(TT
+-unsubscribe
+)TT
+- to\nunsubscribe.
+L1308
+)P
+(P
+L1309
+-\nWhen replying to messages on the mailing list, please do not send a\ncarbon copy (
+(TT
+-CC
+)TT
+- - this does not mean `courtesy copy') to the\noriginal poster. Anyone who posts to a mailing list should read it to\nsee the responses.
+L1314
+)P
+(P
+L1315
+-\nAs ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're\nreplying to.\n\n
+L1320
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA conversion
+ASRID CDATA ch-conversion
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Conversion procedure from old source packages
+L1321
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1322
+-\nThis is a brief summary of the procedure for converting a\npre-2.0.0.0-format source package into the new format.
+L1325
+)P
+(P
+L1326
+-\nYou are strongly advised to download and examine the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+-\npackage, and to read the section in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nmanual describing the source packaging tools. More detail about the\nexact functionality of these tools is available in
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L1331
+-.
+L1332
+)P
+(P
+L1333
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(LIST
+L1336
+(ITEM
+L1337
+(P
+-Download the original source code from wherever it can be found and do\nany rearrangement required to make it look like the original tree of\nthe Debian source. Put it in\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig/
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1343
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1344
+(P
+-Rename all files
+(TT
+-debian.*
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-debian/*
+)TT
+-. There may be some\nexceptions to this, but this is a good start.\n
+L1347
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1348
+(P
+-Edit the
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- - create or rename it if necessary.\nAdd a new revision to the top with the appropriate details, and a\nlocal variables entry to the bottom to set Emacs to the right mode:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1352
+-Local variables:\nmode: debian-changelog\nEnd:
+L1355
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1357
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1358
+(P
+-Edit/create
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+-:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1360
+(ITEM
+L1361
+(P
+-Remove the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- field. If it is generated unusually (not\nequal to the source version) you must use the -v option to\ndpkg-gencontrol (see below).
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+- go above the first blank line, most of the rest below.\n
+L1366
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1367
+(P
+-Reorder the fields and add a blank line at an appropriate point,\nseparating the source package fields from the binary package\nfields.\n
+L1371
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1372
+(P
+-Add the
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+- field.\n
+L1374
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1375
+(P
+-Add the
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+- field. The current value is\n
+(TT
+-0.2.0.0
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1378
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1379
+(P
+-Change the
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field for each package to
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+- or whatever. If there isn't an
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field add\none.\n
+L1383
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1384
+(P
+-If any other seddery or things used to happen to make the binary\ncontrol files use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-'s variable substitution\nfeatures to achieve the same effect. Use
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- if\nyou need to put unusally-generated information (apart from details of\n
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files) in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file too.
+L1389
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1391
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1392
+(P
+-Edit the
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1394
+(ITEM
+L1395
+(P
+-Remove the
+(PRGN
+-source
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- and any
+(PRGN
+-changes
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dist
+)PRGN
+- targets. These things now happen in a package-independent\nway and are not done by
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-.
+L1398
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1399
+(P
+-Split the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target into
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-; in many cases all of
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- should go into\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+-. Create the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target and the unused of\nthe two other
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets if there is one - you can copy\nthe ones from the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- package.
+L1404
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1405
+(P
+-Change the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target to use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to make\nthe package control file(s). Move it to after all the files have been\ninstalled but just before the last
+(PRGN
+-chown
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-chmod
+)PRGN
+- in\nthe target.
+L1409
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1410
+(P
+-Change occurrences of
+(TT
+-debian-tmp
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+-.
+L1411
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1412
+(P
+-Change occurrences of
+(TT
+-debian.{post,pre}{inst,rm}
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-debian/*
+)TT
+-.
+L1414
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1415
+(P
+-Remove the version number setting at the top, if there is one.
+L1416
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1417
+(P
+-Ensure that the package's Debian-specific and upstream changelogs are\ninstalled.
+L1419
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1421
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1422
+(P
+-Check that the
+(TT
+-debian/README
+)TT
+- is really the copyright file, and\nif so rename it to
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+- and edit\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- to cope with this and to change the installation\nof the copyright file from
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/copyright
+)TT
+-\ninstead of
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. If it isn't then\nfind
+(TT
+-debian/copyright
+)TT
+- and decide what to do with the\n
+(TT
+-README
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1430
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1431
+(P
+-Check for various other anachronisms and problems:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1433
+(ITEM
+L1434
+(P
+-Remove any
+(TT
+-Package_Revision
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Package-Revision
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-Revision
+)TT
+- fields.
+L1436
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1437
+(P
+-Rename
+(TT
+-Optional
+)TT
+- to
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommended
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-.
+L1439
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1440
+(P
+-Change
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/examples/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+- to\n
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-/examples
+)TT
+-.
+L1442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1443
+(P
+-Make sure that manpages are installed compressed.
+L1444
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1445
+(P
+-Check that the description has an extended description, is\nwell-formatted and meaningful and helpful to people wanting to know\nwhether to install a package.
+L1448
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1450
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1451
+(P
+-Look everything over.\n
+L1453
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1454
+(P
+-Do a test build using
+(TT
+-dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -r
+(VAR
+-whatever
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.\nCheck the permissions and locations of files in the resulting package\nby eyeballing the output of
+(TT
+-dpkg-deb --contents
+)TT
+-, and check that\nthe source build happened OK. Test install the binary package(s) and\ntest extract the source package(s).\n
+L1460
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1461
+(P
+-Sign the release: either re-run
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- (this will\nrebuild the package entirely), or PGP-sign the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-, rebuild the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- using
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-, and then PGP-sign the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1466
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L1468
+)P
+)CHAPT
+)BOOK
+)DEBIANDOC
+C
<p>
This document assumes familiarity with these other two manuals.
+Unfortunately the system administrators' manual does not exist yet.
<p>
The Debian version of the FSF's GNU <prgn/hello/ program is provided
signaled by a change to the minor number. The major patchlevel will
be changed for any change to the meaning of the standards, however
small; the minor patchlevel will be changed when only cosmetic,
-typographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made.
+typographical or other edits which do not change the meaning are made,
+or changes which do not affect the contents of packages.
<p>
You should regularly, and especially if your package has become out of
<tt/set -e/ command at the start of every makefile command that's
actually one of these miniature shellscripts.
-<chapt id="developer">How to become a Debian developer
+<chapt id="developer">Procedure - how to participate in the Debian project
-<sect>Before you start work
+<sect>Before you start work on a package
<p>
So, you've read all the documentation, you understand what everything
All of them are mandatory for a Debian upload. See the list of
control fields in the <prgn/dpkg/ programmers' manual for the contents
of these fields.
+<p>
+The first time a version is uploaded which corresponds to a particular
+upstream version the original source tarfile should be uploaded and
+included in the <tt/.changes/ file; subsequent times the very same
+tarfile should be used to build the new diffs and <tt/.dsc/ files, and
+it need not then be uploaded.
+<p>
-<chapt id="mailinglists">The Debian mailing lists
+By default <prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ and <prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ will
+include the original source tarfile if and only if the Debian revision
+part of the source version number is <tt/0/ or <tt/1/, indicating a
+new upstream version. This behaviour may be modified by using
+<tt/-sa/ to always include it or <tt/-sd/ to always leave it out.
+<p>
+
+If no original source is included in the upload then the original
+source tarfile used by <prgn/dpkg-source/ when constructing the
+<tt/.dsc/ file and diff to be uploaded <em/must/ be byte-for-byte
+identical with the one already in the archive. If there is some
+reason why this is not the case then the new version of the original
+source should be uploaded, possibly by using the <tt/-sa/ flag.
+
+<sect id="mailinglists">The Debian mailing lists
<p>
The mailing list server is at <tt/lists.debian.org/. Mail
<p>
As ever on the net, please trim down the quoting of articles you're
-replying to.
+replying to. In general, please adhere to the usual conventions for
+posting messages.
<chapt id="conversion">Conversion procedure from old source packages
Look everything over.
<item>
-Do a test build using <tt/dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -r<var/whatever//.
-Check the permissions and locations of files in the resulting package
-by eyeballing the output of <tt/dpkg-deb --contents/, and check that
-the source build happened OK. Test install the binary package(s) and
-test extract the source package(s).
+Do a test build using <tt/dpkg-buildpackage -ur -uc -sa
+-r<var/whatever//. Check the permissions and locations of files in
+the resulting package by eyeballing the output of <tt/dpkg-deb
+--contents/, and check that the source build happened OK. Test
+install the binary package(s) and test extract the source package(s).
<item>
-Sign the release: either re-run <prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ (this will
-rebuild the package entirely), or PGP-sign the <tt/.dsc/, rebuild the
-<tt/.changes/ using <prgn/dpkg-genchanges/, and then PGP-sign the
-<tt/.changes/.
+Sign the release: either rebuild everything with <tt/dpkg-buildpackage
+-sa/, or PGP-sign the <tt/.dsc/, rebuild the <tt/.changes/ using
+<tt/dpkg-genchanges -sa/, and then PGP-sign the <tt/.changes/.
</list>
+<p>
+
+The use of <tt/-sa/ on <prgn/dpkg-buildpackage/ and
+<prgn/dpkg-genchanges/ is important when doing the first
+build/uploading of a new-format source package. Unless this happens
+to be Debian revision <tt/0/ or <tt/1/ by default the original source
+tarfile will not be included in the uploaded files listed in the
+<tt/.changes/ file, and so it won't be installed on the FTP site.
+<tt/-sa/ requests that the original source be included regardless.
</book>
--- /dev/null
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+@LP
+This manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary
+and source packages. It also documents the interface between
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} and its access method scripts. It does not deal with
+the Debian Project policy requirements, and it assumes familiarity
+with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s functions from the system administrator's
+perspective.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
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+
+//1vx//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 1. } |5fx {Introduction and scope of this manual} } |2f @PageOf { ch-scope } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 2. } |5fx {Binary packages} } |2f @PageOf { ch-binarypkg } } //1.00vx
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+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 3. } |5fx {Source packages} } |2f @PageOf { ch-sourcepkg } } //1.00vx
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+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.2. } |5fx {The Debianised source tree} } |2f @PageOf { s-sourcetree } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.3. } |5fx {Source packages as archives} } |2f @PageOf { s-sourcearchives } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 3.4. } |5fx {Unpacking a Debian source package without {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}}} } |2f @PageOf { s3.4 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 4. } |5fx {Control files and their fields} } |2f @PageOf { ch-controlfields } } //1.00vx
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+and installation procedure} } |2f @PageOf { ch-maintainerscripts } } //1.00vx
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+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} field} } |2f @PageOf { ch-descriptions } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 7.1. } |5fx {Types of formatting line in the extended description} } |2f @PageOf { s7.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 7.2. } |5fx {Notes about writing descriptions} } |2f @PageOf { s7.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 7.3. } |5fx {Example description in control file for Smail} } |2f @PageOf { s7.3 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 8. } |5fx {Declaring relationships between packages} } |2f @PageOf { ch-relationships } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.1. } |5fx {Syntax of relationship fields} } |2f @PageOf { s-depsyntax } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.2. } |5fx {Dependencies "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}} } |2f @PageOf { s8.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.3. } |5fx {Alternative packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}}} } |2f @PageOf { s-conflicts } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.4. } |5fx {Virtual packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}}} } |2f @PageOf { s-virtual } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.5. } |5fx {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} "-" overwriting files and replacing packages} } |2f @PageOf { s-replaces } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 8.6. } |5fx {Defaults for satisfying dependencies "-" ordering} } |2f @PageOf { s8.6 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 9. } |5fx {Configuration file handling} } |2f @PageOf { ch-conffiles } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 9.1. } |5fx {Automatic handling of configuration files by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}} } |2f @PageOf { s9.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 9.2. } |5fx {"Fully-featured" maintainer script configuration handling} } |2f @PageOf { s9.2 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 10. } |5fx {Alternative versions of an interface "-"
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}}} } |2f @PageOf { ch-alternatives } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 11. } |5fx {Diversions "-" overriding a package's version of a file} } |2f @PageOf { ch-diversions } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 12. } |5fx {Shared libraries} } |2f @PageOf { ch-sharedlibs } } //1.00vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 13. } |5fx {Configuration of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init}}} } |2f @PageOf { ch-sysvinit } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.1. } |5fx {Introduction to the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init.d}} scheme} } |2f @PageOf { s13.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.2. } |5fx {Writing {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init.d}} scripts} } |2f @PageOf { s13.2 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.3. } |5fx {Managing the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} links "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}} } |2f @PageOf { s13.3 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.4. } |5fx {"Boot-time" initialisation "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc.boot}}} } |2f @PageOf { s13.4 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.5. } |5fx {Notes} } |2f @PageOf { s13.5 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 13.6. } |5fx {Example} } |2f @PageOf { s13.6 } } //0.95vx
+//0.3vx Bold @Font @HAdjust { @HContract { { 14. } |5fx {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s interface to its installation methods} } |2f @PageOf { ch-methif } } //1.00vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 14.1. } |5fx {Functions of the method scripts} } |2f @PageOf { s14.1 } } //0.95vx
+@HAdjust { @HContract { { 14.2. } |5fx {Location and arguments of the method scripts} } |2f @PageOf { s14.2 } } //0.95vx
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break {
+0.3.|0.5fe{ Copyright Notice}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+Copyright ©1996 Ian Jackson.
+@LP
+
+This manual is free software; you may redistribute it "and/or" modify it
+under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+later version.
+@LP
+
+This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+{{Times Slope} @Font {without any warranty}}; without even the implied warranty of
+merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+@LP
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with
+your Debian "GNU/Linux" system, in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/doc/copyright/GPL"}}, or
+with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} source package as the file {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {COPYING}}. If
+not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,
+Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-scope}
+1.|0.5fe{ Introduction and scope of this manual}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} is a suite of programs for creating binary package files
+and installing and removing them on Unix systems.{@FootNote{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+is targetted primarily at Debian "GNU/Linux," but may work on or be
+ported to other systems.}}
+@LP
+
+The binary packages are designed for the management of installed
+executable programs (usually compiled binaries) and their associated
+data, though source code examples and documentation are provided as
+part of some packages.
+@LP
+
+This manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary
+packages ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files). It documents the behaviour of the
+package management programs {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} et al. and and the
+way they interact with packages.
+@LP
+
+It also documents the interaction between {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s core and the
+access method scripts it uses to actually install the selected
+packages, and describes how to create a new access method.
+@LP
+
+This manual does not go into detail about the options and usage of the
+package building and installation tools. It should therefore be read
+in conjuction with those programs' manpages.
+@LP
+
+The utility programs which are provided with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} for managing
+various system configuration and similar issues, such as
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"install"--"info"}}, are not described in
+detail here "-" please see their manpages.
+@LP
+
+It does {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} describe the policy requirements imposed on Debian
+packages, such as the permissions on files and directories,
+documentation requirements, upload procedure, and so on. You should
+see the Debian packaging policy manual for these details. (Many of
+them will probably turn out to be helpful even if you don't plan to
+upload your package and make it available as part of the
+distribution.)
+@LP
+
+It is assumed that the reader is reasonably familiar with the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} System Administrators' manual. Unfortunately this manual
+does not yet exist.
+@LP
+
+The Debian version of the FSF's GNU hello program is provided as an
+example for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Note that this document is still a draft!}}
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-binarypkg}
+2.|0.5fe{ Binary packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The binary package has two main sections. The first part consists of
+various control information files and scripts used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} when
+installing and removing. See `Package control information files', page @PageOf{s-controlarea}.
+@LP
+
+The second part is an archive (currently a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {tar}} archive)
+containing files and directories to be installed.
+@LP
+
+In the future binary packages may also contain other components, such
+as checksums and digital signatures.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-bincreating}
+2.1.|0.5fe{ Creating package files "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+All manipulation of binary package files is done by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}};
+it's the only program that has knowledge of the format.
+({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}} may be invoked by calling {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will
+spot that the options requested are appropriate to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}} and
+invoke that instead with the same arguments.)
+@LP
+
+In order to create a binary package you must make a directory tree
+which contains all the files and directories you want to have in the
+filesystem data part of the package. In "Debian-format" source packages
+this directory is usually {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"}}, relative to the top of
+the package's source tree.
+@LP
+
+They should have the locations (relative to the root of the directory
+tree you're constructing) ownerships and permissions which you want
+them to have on the system when they are installed.
+@LP
+
+With current versions of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} the "uid/username" and "gid/groupname"
+mappings for the users and groups being used should be the same on the
+system where the package is built and the one where it is installed.
+@LP
+
+You need to add one special directory to the root of the miniature
+filesystem tree you're creating: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {DEBIAN}}. It should contain the
+control information files, notably the binary package control file
+(see `The main control information file: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {control}}', page @PageOf{s-controlfile}).
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {DEBIAN}} directory will not appear in the filesystem archive of
+the package, and so won't be installed by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} when the package
+is installed.
+@LP
+
+When you've prepared the package, you should invoke:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+dpkg ""--""--"build" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {directory}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+This will build the package in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {directory}}}}.deb}}.
+({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} knows that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"build"}} is a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}} option, so it
+invokes {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}} with the same arguments to build the package.)
+@LP
+
+See the manpage {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb(8)"}} for details of how
+to examine the contents of this "newly-created" file. You may find the
+output of following commands enlightening:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"deb" ""--""--"info" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {filename}}}}.deb
+"dpkg"--"deb" ""--""--"contents" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {filename}}}}.deb}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-controlarea}
+2.2.|0.5fe{ Package control information files}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The control information portion of a binary package is a collection of
+files with names known to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}. It will treat the contents of
+these files specially "-" some of them contain information used by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} when installing or removing the package; others are scripts
+which the package maintainer wants {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} to run.
+@LP
+
+It is possible to put other files in the package control area, but
+this is not generally a good idea (though they will largely be
+ignored).
+@LP
+
+Here is a brief list of the control info files supported by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+and a summary of what they're used for.
+@LP
+
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {control}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is the key description file used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}. It specifies the
+package's name and version, gives its description for the user, states
+its relationships with other packages, and so forth.
+See `The main control information file: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {control}}', page @PageOf{s-controlfile}.
+@LP
+
+It is usually generated automatically from information in the source
+package by the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} program, and with assistance
+from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}}. See `Tools for processing source packages', page @PageOf{s-sourcetools}.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {preinst}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postrm}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {prerm}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+These are exectuable files (usually scripts) which {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} runs
+during installation, upgrade and removal of packages. They allow the
+package to deal with matters which are particular to that package or
+require more complicated processing than that provided by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}.
+Details of when and how they are called are in
+`Package maintainer scripts
+and installation procedure', page @PageOf{ch-maintainerscripts}.
+@LP
+
+It is very important to make these scripts itempotent.{@FootNote{ That
+means that if it runs successfully or fails and then you call it again
+it doesn't bomb out, but just ensures that everything is the way it
+ought to be.}} This is so that if an error occurs, the user
+interrupts {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} or some other unforeseen circumstance happens you
+don't leave the user with a "badly-broken" package.
+@LP
+
+The maintainer scripts are guaranteed to run with a controlling
+terminal and can interact with the user. If they need to prompt for
+passwords, do "full-screen" interaction or something similar you should
+do these things to and from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/dev/tty"}}, since {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will at
+some point redirect scripts' standard input and output so that it can
+log the installation process. Likewise, because these scripts may be
+executed with standard output redirected into a pipe for logging
+purposes, Perl scripts should set unbuffered output by setting
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"$|=1"}} so that the output is printed immediately rather than being
+buffered.
+@LP
+
+Each script should return a zero exit status for success, or a nonzero
+one for failure.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {conffiles}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This file contains a list of configuration files which are to be
+handled automatically by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} (see `Configuration file handling', page @PageOf{ch-conffiles}). Note
+that not necessarily every configuration file should be listed here.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {shlibs}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This file contains a list of the shared libraries supplied by the
+package, with dependency details for each. This is used by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} when it determines what dependencies are
+required in a package control file.
+@LP
+
+Each line is of the form:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"library"--"name"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"version"--"or"--"soname"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {dependencies ...}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"library-name"}} is the name of the shared library, for example
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libc5}}.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"version-or-soname"}} is the soname of the library "-" ie, the thing
+that must exactly match for the library to be recognised by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ld.so}}. Usually this is major version number of the library.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {dependencies}} has the same syntax as a dependency field in a
+binary package control file. It should give details of which
+package(s) are required to satisfy a binary built against the version
+of the library contained in the package. See `Syntax of relationship fields', page @PageOf{s-depsyntax}.
+@LP
+
+For example, if the package {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {foo}} contains {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libfoo.so.1.2.3}},
+where the soname of the library is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libfoo.so.1}}, and the first
+version of the package which contained a minor number of at least
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {2.3}} was {{Times Slope} @Font {"1.2.3-1"}}, then the package's {{Times Slope} @Font {shlibs}} could
+say:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+libfoo 1 foo (>= "1.2.3"--"1)"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+The "version-specific" dependency is to avoid warnings from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ld.so}}
+about using older shared libraries with newer binaries.
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-controlfile}
+2.3.|0.5fe{ The main control information file: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {control}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The most important control information file used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} when it
+installs a package is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {control}}. It contains all the package's
+`vital statistics'.
+@LP
+
+The binary package control files of packages built from Debian sources
+are made by a special tool, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}, which reads
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} to find the
+information it needs. See `Source packages', page @PageOf{ch-sourcepkg} for more details.
+@LP
+
+The fields in binary package control files are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}} (mandatory)
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}}
+(mandatory){@FootNote{ This field should appear in all packages, though
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} doesn't require it yet so that old packages can still be
+installed.}}
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}} et al.
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Installed"--"Size"}}
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+A description of the syntax of control files and the purpose of these
+fields is available in `Control files and their fields', page @PageOf{ch-controlfields}.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-sourcepkg}
+3.|0.5fe{ Source packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The Debian binary packages in the distribution are generated from
+Debian sources, which are in a special format to assist the easy and
+automatic building of binaries.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-sourcetools}
+3.1.|0.5fe{ Tools for processing source packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Various tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack
+and unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage
+the distribution of new versions.
+@LP
+
+They are introduced and typical uses described here; see {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source(1)"}} for full documentation about their
+arguments and operation.
+@LP
+
+For examples of how to construct a Debian source package, and how to
+use those utilities that are used by Debian source packages, please
+see the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {hello}} example package.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.1}
+3.1.1.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} "-" packs and unpacks Debian source packages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This program is frequently used by hand, and is also called from
+"package-independent" automated building scripts such as
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage"}}.
+@LP
+
+To unpack a package it is typically invoked with
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"source" ""--"x" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {".../path/to/filename"}}}}.dsc}}} //0.2fe
+
+with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {filename}}}}.tar.gz}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {filename}}}}.diff.gz}} (if applicable) in the same directory. It
+unpacks into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}, and if applicable
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}.orig}}, in the current directory.
+@LP
+
+To create a packed source archive it is typically invoked:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"source" ""--"b" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+This will create the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.tar.gz}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.diff.gz}} (if
+appropriate) in the current directory. {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} does not
+clean the source tree first "-" this must be done separately if it is
+required.
+@LP
+
+See also `Source packages as archives', page @PageOf{s-sourcearchives}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.2}
+3.1.2.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage"}} "-" overall "package-building" control
+script}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage"}} is a script which invokes {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}},
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} targets {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {pgp}} to build a signed
+source and binary package upload.
+@LP
+
+It is usually invoked by hand from the top level of the built or
+unbuilt source directory. It may be invoked with no arguments; useful
+arguments include:
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"uc"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"us"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Do not "PGP-sign" the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file or the source package
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} file, respectively.
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"p"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"pgp-command"}}}}}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Invoke {{Times Slope} @Font {"pgp-command"}} instead of finding {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {pgp}} on the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {PATH}}. {{Times Slope} @Font {"pgp-command"}} must behave just like {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {pgp}}.
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"r"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"root-command"}}}}}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+When root privilege is required, invoke the command
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"root-command"}}. {{Times Slope} @Font {"root-command"}} should invoke its first
+argument as a command, from the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {PATH}} if necessary, and pass its
+second and subsequent arguments to the command it calls. If no
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"root-command"}} is supplied then {{Times Slope} @Font {"dpkg-buildpackage"}} will take
+no special action to gain root privilege, so that for most packages it
+will have to be invoked as root to start with.
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"b"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"B"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Two types of "binary-only" build and upload "-" see {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source(1)"}}.
+}}
+//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.3}
+3.1.3.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} "-" generates binary package control files}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This program is usually called from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} (see `The Debianised source tree', page @PageOf{s-sourcetree}) in the top level of the source tree.
+@LP
+
+This is usually done just before the files and directories in the
+temporary directory tree where the package is being built have their
+permissions and ownerships set and the package is constructed using
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}}{@FootNote{ This is so that the control file which is
+produced has the right permissions}}.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} must be called after all the files which are to
+go into the package have been placed in the temporary build directory,
+so that its calculation of the installed size of a package is correct.
+@LP
+
+It is also necessary for {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} to be run after
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} so that the variable substitutions created by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} are available.
+@LP
+
+For a package which generates only one binary package, and which
+builds it in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"}} relative to the top of the source
+package, it is usually sufficient to call:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+Sources which build several binaries will typically need something
+like:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"gencontrol" ""--"Pdebian/tmp"--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {pkg}}}} ""--"p"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"P"}} tells {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} that the package is being
+built in a "non-default" directory, and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"p"}} tells it which
+package's control file should be generated.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} also adds information to the list of files in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/files"}}, for the benefit of (for example) a future
+invocation of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.4}
+3.1.4.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} "-" calculates shared library dependencies}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This program is usually called from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} just before
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} (see `The Debianised source tree', page @PageOf{s-sourcetree}), in the top level
+of the source tree.
+@LP
+
+Its arguments are executables{@FootNote{ They may be specified either
+in the locations in the source tree where they are created or in the
+locations in the temporary build tree where they are installed prior
+to binary package creation.}} for which shared library
+dependencies should be included in the binary package's control file.
+@LP
+
+If some of the executable(s) shared libraries should only warrant a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}, or if some warrant a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}, this can be achieved by using the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"d"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"dependency-field"}}}}}} option before those executable(s).
+(Each {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"d"}} option takes effect until the next {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"d"}}.)
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} does not directly cause the output control file
+to be modified. Instead by default it adds to the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} file variable settings like
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {shlibs:Depends}}. These variable settings must be referenced in
+dependency fields in the appropriate "per-binary-package" sections of
+the source control file.
+@LP
+
+For example, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {procps}} package generates two kinds of
+binaries, simple C binaries like {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ps}} which require a
+predependency and "full-screen" ncurses binaries like {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {top}} which
+require only a recommendation. It can say in its {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"shlibdeps" ""--"dPre"--"Depends" ps ""--"dRecommends" top}}} //0.2fe
+
+and then in its main control file {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}}:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {...}}}}
+Package: procps
+"Pre"--"Depends:" "${shlibs:Pre"--"Depends}"
+Recommends: "${shlibs:Recommends}"
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {...}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+Sources which produce several binary packages with different shared
+library dependency requirements can use the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"p"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {varnameprefix}}}}}}
+option to override the default {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {shlib:}} prefix (one invocation of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} per setting of this option). They can thus
+produce several sets of dependency variables, each of the form
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {varnameprefix}}}}:{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {dependencyfield}}}}}}, which can be referred
+to in the appropriate parts of the binary package control files.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.5}
+3.1.5.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"distaddfile"}} "-" adds a file to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/files"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Some packages' uploads need to include files other than the source and
+binary package files.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"distaddfile"}} adds a file to the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/files"}} file so
+that it will be included in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file when
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} is run.
+@LP
+
+It is usually invoked from the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"dpkg"--"distaddfile" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {filename}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {section}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {priority}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {filename}} is relative to the directory where
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} will expect to find it "-" this is usually the
+directory above the top level of the source tree. The
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} target should put the file there just before or
+just after calling {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"distaddfile"}}.
+@LP
+
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {section}} and {{Times Slope} @Font {priority}} are passed unchanged into the
+resulting {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file. See `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}', page @PageOf{s-f-classification}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.6}
+3.1.6.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} "-" generates a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} upload
+control file}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This program is usually called by "package-independent" automatic
+building scripts such as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"buildpackage"}}, but it may also be
+called by hand.
+@LP
+
+It is usually called in the top level of a built source tree, and when
+invoked with no arguments will print out a straightforward
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file based on the information in the source package's
+changelog and control file and the binary and source packages which
+should have been built.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.1.7}
+3.1.7.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"parsechangelog"}} "-" produces parsed representation of
+a changelog}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This program is used internally by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} et al. It may
+also occasionally be useful in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} and elsewhere. It
+parses a changelog, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}} by default, and prints a
+"control-file" format representation of the information in it to
+standard output.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-sourcetree}
+3.2.|0.5fe{ The Debianised source tree}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The source archive scheme described later is intended to allow a
+Debianised source tree with some associated control information to be
+reproduced and transported easily. The Debianised source tree is a
+version of the original program with certain files added for the
+benefit of the Debianisation process, and with any other changes
+required made to the rest of the source code and installation scripts.
+@LP
+
+The extra files created for Debian are in the subdirectory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}}
+of the top level of the Debianised source tree. They are described
+below.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.1}
+3.2.1.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} "-" the main building script}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This file is an executable makefile, and contains the "package-specific"
+recipies for compiling the package and building binary package(s) out
+of the source.
+@LP
+
+It must start with the line {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#!/usr/bin/make" ""--"f"}}, so that it
+can be invoked by saying its name rather than invoking {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {make}}
+explicitly.
+@LP
+
+The targets which are required to be present are:
+
+
+@LP
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This should perform all "non-interactive" configuration and compilation
+of the package. If a package has an interactive "pre-build"
+configuration routine, the Debianised source package should be built
+after this has taken place, so that it can be built without rerunning
+the configuration.
+@LP
+
+For some packages, notably ones where the same source tree is compiled
+in different ways to produce two binary packages, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}}
+target does not make much sense. For these packages it is good enough
+to provide two (or more) targets ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"build"--"a"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"build"--"b"}} or
+whatever) for each of the ways of building the package, and a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} target that does nothing. The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target will have
+to build the package in each of the possible ways and make the binary
+package out of each.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} target must not do anything that might require root
+privilege.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} target may need to run {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} first "-" see below.
+@LP
+
+When a package has a configuration routine that takes a long time, or
+when the makefiles are poorly designed, or when {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} needs to
+run {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} first, it is a good idea to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {touch build}} when the
+build process is complete. This will ensure that if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"
+build}} is run again it will not rebuild the whole program.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"arch"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"indep"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target should be all that is necessary for the user
+to build the binary package. It is split into two parts:
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"arch"}} builds the packages' output files which are
+specific to a particular architecture, and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"indep"}}
+builds those which are not.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} should usually be a target with no commands which simply
+depends on {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"arch"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"indep"}}.
+@LP
+
+Both {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"*"}} targets should depend on the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} target,
+above, so that the package is built if it has not been already. It
+should then create the relevant binary package(s), using
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} to make their control files and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}}
+to build them and place them in the parent of the top level directory.
+@LP
+
+If one of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"binary"--"*"}} targets has nothing to do (this will be
+always be the case if the source generates only a single binary
+package, whether "architecture-dependent" or not) it {{Times Slope} @Font {must}} still
+exist, but should always succeed.
+@LP
+
+`Binary packages', page @PageOf{ch-binarypkg} describes how to construct binary packages.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} targets must be invoked as root.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This should undo any effects that the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}}
+targets may have had, except that it should leave alone any output
+files created in the parent directory by a run of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}}.
+@LP
+
+If a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} file is touched at the end of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} target,
+as suggested above, it must be removed as the first thing that
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} does, so that running {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} again after an interrupted
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} doesn't think that everything is already done.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} target must be invoked as root if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} has
+been invoked since the last {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}}, or if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} has been
+invoked as root (since {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}} may create directories, for
+example).
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"get"--"orig"--"source"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This target fetches the most recent version of the original source
+package from a canonical archive site (via FTP or WWW, for example),
+does any necessary rearrangement to turn it into the original source
+tarfile format described below, and leaves it in the current directory.
+@LP
+
+This target may be invoked in any directory, and should take care to
+clean up any temporary files it may have left.
+@LP
+
+This target is optional, but providing it if possible is a good idea.
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+
+
+@LP
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {build}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} targets must be
+invoked with a current directory of the package's "top-level"
+directory.
+
+@LP
+
+Additional targets may exist in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}, either as
+published or undocumented interfaces or for the package's internal
+use.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.2}
+3.2.2.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This file contains "version-independent" details about the source
+package and about the binary packages it creates.
+@LP
+
+It is a series of sets of control fields, each syntactically similar
+to a binary package control file. The sets are separated by one or
+more blank lines. The first set is information about the source
+package in general; each subsequent set describes one binary package
+that the source tree builds.
+@LP
+
+The syntax and semantics of the fields are described below in
+`Control files and their fields', page @PageOf{ch-controlfields}.
+@LP
+
+The general "(binary-package-independent)" fields are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}
+(classification, mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+The "per-binary-package" fields are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} (classification)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} et al. (package interrelationships)
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+These fields are used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} to generate control
+files for binary packages (see below), by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} to
+generate the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file to accompany the upload, and by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} when it creates the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} source control file as
+part of a source archive.
+@LP
+
+The fields here may contain variable references "-" their values will be
+substituted by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} when they generate output control files. See `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} and variable substitutions', page @PageOf{s-srcsubstvars} for details.
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +2p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.2.1}
+3.2.2.1.|0.5fe{ "User-defined" fields}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Additional "user-defined" fields may be added to the source package
+control file. Such fields will be ignored, and not copied to (for
+example) binary or source package control files or upload control
+files.
+@LP
+
+If you wish to add additional unsupported fields to these output files
+you should use the mechanism described here.
+@LP
+
+Fields in the main source control information file with names starting
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {X}}, followed by one or more of the letters {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {BCS}} and a hyphen
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}}, will be copied to the output files. Only the part of the
+field name after the hyphen will be used in the output file. Where
+the letter {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {B}} is used the field will appear in binary package
+control files, where the letter {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S}} is used in source package
+control files and where {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {C}} is used in upload control
+({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}}) files.
+@LP
+
+For example, if the main source information control file contains the
+field
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"XBS"--"Comment:" I stand between the candle and the star.}}} //0.2fe
+
+then the binary and source package control files will contain the
+field
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Comment: I stand between the candle and the star.}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-dpkgchangelog}
+3.2.3.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This file records the changes to the "Debian-specific" parts of the
+package{@FootNote{ Though there is nothing stopping an author who is
+also the Debian maintainer from using it for all their changes, it
+will have to be renamed if the Debian and upstream maintainers become
+different people.}}.
+@LP
+
+It has a special format which allows the package building tools to
+discover which version of the package is being built and find out
+other "release-specific" information.
+@LP
+
+That format is a series of entries like this:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}} ({{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}) {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {distribution(s)}}}}; urgency={{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {urgency}}}}
+
+ * {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {change details}}}}
+ {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {more change details}}}}
+ * {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {even more change details}}}}
+
+ ""--""--"" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {maintainer name and email address}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {date}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {package}} and {{Times Slope} @Font {version}} are the source package name and
+version number. {{Times Slope} @Font {distribution(s)}} lists the distributions where
+this version should be installed when it is uploaded "-" it is copied to
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Distribution}} field in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file. See `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Distribution}}', page @PageOf{s-f-Distribution}.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {urgency}} is the value for the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Urgency}} field in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file for the upload. See `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Urgency}}', page @PageOf{s-f-Urgency}. It is
+not possible to specify an urgency containing commas; commas are used
+to separate {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {keyword}}}}={{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {value}}}}}} settings in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+changelog format (though there is currently only one useful
+{{Times Slope} @Font {keyword}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {urgency}}).
+@LP
+
+The change details may in fact be any series of lines starting with at
+least two spaces, but conventionally each change starts with an
+asterisk and a separating space and continuation lines are indented so
+as to bring them in line with the start of the text above. Blank
+lines may be used here to separate groups of changes, if desired.
+@LP
+
+The maintainer name and email address should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} necessarily be
+those of the usual package maintainer. They should be the details of
+the person doing {{Times Slope} @Font {this}} version. The information here will be
+copied to the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file, and then later used to send an
+acknowledgement when the upload has been installed.
+@LP
+
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {date}} should be in RFC822 format; it should include the
+timezone specified numerically, with the timezone name or abbreviation
+optionally present as a comment.
+@LP
+
+The first `title' line with the package name should start at the left
+hand margin; the `trailer' line with the maintainer and date details
+should be preceded by exactly one space. The maintainer details and
+the date must be separated by exactly two spaces.
+@LP
+
+An Emacs mode for editing this format is available: it is called
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"changelog"--"mode"}}. You can have this mode selected
+automatically when you edit a Debian changelog by adding a local
+variables clause to the end of the changelog.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +2p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.3.1}
+3.2.3.1.|0.5fe{ Defining alternative changelog formats}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+It is possible to use a different format to the standard one, by
+providing a parser for the format you wish to use.
+@LP
+
+In order to have {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"parsechangelog"}} run your parser, you must
+include a line within the last 40 lines of your file matching the Perl
+regular expression:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"\\schangelog"--"format:\\s+([0"--"9a"--"z]+)\\W"}}} //0.2fe
+
+The part in parentheses should be the name of the format.
+@LP
+
+If such a line exists then {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"parsechangelog"}} will look for the
+parser as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"format-name"}}}}}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"format-name"}}}}}}; it is an
+error for it not to find it, or for it not to be an executable
+program. The default changelog format is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, and a parser for
+it is provided with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} package.
+@LP
+
+The parser will be invoked with the changelog open on standard input
+at the start of the file. It should read the file (it may seek if it
+wishes) to determine the information required and return the parsed
+information to standard output in the form of a series of control
+fields in the standard format. By default it should return
+information about only the most recent version in the changelog; it
+should accept a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"v"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}} option to return changes
+information from all versions present {{Times Slope} @Font {strictly after}}
+{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}, and it should then be an error for {{Times Slope} @Font {version}} not to
+be present in the changelog.
+@LP
+
+The fields are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Distribution}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Urgency}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}} (mandatory)
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Date}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Changes}} (mandatory)
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+If several versions are being returned (due to the use of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"v"}}),
+the urgency value should be of the highest urgency code listed at the
+start of any of the versions requested followed by the concatenated
+"(space-separated)" comments from all the versions requested; the
+maintainer, version, distribution and date should always be from the
+most recent version.
+@LP
+
+For the format of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Changes}} field see `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Changes}}', page @PageOf{s-f-Changes}.
+@LP
+
+If the changelog format which is being parsed always or almost always
+leaves a blank line between individual change notes these blank lines
+should be stripped out, so as to make the resulting output compact.
+@LP
+
+If the changelog format does not contain date or package name
+information this information should be omitted from the output. The
+parser should not attempt to synthesise it or find it from other
+sources.
+@LP
+
+If the changelog does not have the expected format the parser should
+exit with a nonzero exit status, rather than trying to muddle through
+and possibly generating incorrect output.
+@LP
+
+A changelog parser may not interact with the user at all.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-srcsubstvars}
+3.2.4.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} and variable substitutions}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} generate control files they do variable
+substitutions on their output just before writing it. Variable
+substitutions have the form {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"${"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"variable-name"}}}}"}"}}. The optional
+file {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} contains variable substitutions to be
+used; variables can also be set directly from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}
+using the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"V"}} option to the source packaging commands, and certain
+predefined variables are available.
+@LP
+
+The file may be a static part of the source archive, or generated and
+modified dynamically by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} targets. In the latter
+case it must be removed by the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} target.
+@LP
+
+See {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source(1)"}} for full details about source
+variable substitutions, including the format of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.5}
+3.2.5.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/files"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This file is not a permanent part of the source tree; it is used while
+building packages to record which files are being generated.
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} uses it when it generates a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file.
+@LP
+
+It should not exist in a shipped source package, and so it (and any
+backup files or temporary files such as
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {files.new}}{@FootNote{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {files.new}} is used as a temporary file by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"distaddfile"}} "-" they write a new
+version of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {files}} here before renaming it, to avoid leaving a
+corrupted copy if an error occurs}}) should be removed by the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} target. It may also be wise to ensure a fresh start by
+emptying or removing it at the start of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} adds an entry to this file for the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}}
+file that will be created by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}} from the control file
+that it generates, so for most packages all that needs to be done with
+this file is to delete it in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}}.
+@LP
+
+If a package upload includes files besides the source package and any
+binary packages whose control files were made with
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} then they should be placed in the parent of the
+package's "top-level" directory and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"distaddfile"}} should be
+called to add the file to the list in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/files"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.2.6}
+3.2.6.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This is the canonical temporary location for the construction of
+binary packages by the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}} target. The directory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {tmp}}
+serves as the root of the filesystem tree as it is being constructed
+(for example, by using the package's upstream makefiles install
+targets and redirecting the output there), and it also contains the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {DEBIAN}} subdirectory. See `Creating package files "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}}', page @PageOf{s-bincreating}.
+@LP
+
+If several binary packages are generated from the same source tree it
+is usual to use several {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {something}}}}}} directories,
+for example {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"tmp"--"a"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"tmp"--"doc"}}.
+@LP
+
+Whatever {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {tmp}} directories are created and used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {binary}}
+must of course be removed by the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {clean}} target.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-sourcearchives}
+3.3.|0.5fe{ Source packages as archives}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+As it exists on the FTP site, a Debian source package consists of
+three related files. You must have the right versions of all three to
+be able to use them.
+@LP
+
+{|0.5f {Debian source control file "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This file contains a series of fields, identified and separated just
+like the fields in the control file of a binary package. The fields
+are listed below; their syntax is described above, in
+`Control files and their fields', page @PageOf{ch-controlfields}.
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Binary}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+The source package control file is generated by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}}
+when it builds the source archive, from other files in the source
+package, described above. When unpacking it is checked against the
+files and directories in the other parts of the source package, as
+described below.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {Original source archive "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}_{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}.orig.tar.gz}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is a compressed (with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {gzip ""--"9"}}) {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {tar}} file containing
+the source code from the upstream authors of the program. The tarfile
+unpacks into a directory
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}.orig}}, and does not contain
+files anywhere other than in there or in its subdirectories.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {Debianisation diff "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}_{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"version-revision"}}}}.diff.gz}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is a unified context diff ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {diff ""--"u"}}) giving the changes which
+are required to turn the original source into the Debian source.
+These changes may only include editing and creating plain files. The
+permissions of files, the targets of symbolic links and the
+characteristics of special files or pipes may not be changed and no
+files may be removed or renamed.
+@LP
+
+All the directories in the diff must exist, except the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}}
+subdirectory of the top of the source tree, which will be created by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} if necessary when unpacking.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} program will automatically make the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} file executable (see below).
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+@LP
+
+If there is no original source code "-" for example, if the package is
+specially prepared for Debian or the Debian maintainer is the same as
+the upstream maintainer "-" the format is slightly different: then there
+is no diff, and the tarfile is named
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}_{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}.tar.gz}} and contains a directory
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.4}
+3.4.|0.5fe{ Unpacking a Debian source package without {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source" ""--"x"}} is the recommended way to unpack a Debian source
+package. However, if it is not available it is possible to unpack a
+Debian source archive as follows:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawNumberedList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Untar the tarfile, which will create a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.orig}} directory.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Rename the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.orig}} directory to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Create the subdirectory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}} at the top of the source
+tree.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Apply the diff using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {patch ""--"p0"}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Untar the tarfile again if you want a copy of the original
+source code alongside the Debianised version.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+It is not possible to generate a valid Debian source archive without
+using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}}. In particular, attempting to use
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {diff}} directly to generate the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.diff.gz}} file will not work.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s3.4.1}
+3.4.1.|0.5fe{ Restrictions on objects in source packages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The source package may not contain any device special files, sockets
+or setuid or setgid files.{@FootNote{ Setgid directories are
+allowed.}}
+@LP
+
+The source packaging tools manage the changes between the original and
+Debianised source using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {diff}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {patch}}. Turning the
+original source tree as included in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.orig.tar.gz}} into the
+debianised source must not involve any changes which cannot be handled
+by these tools. Problematic changes which cause {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} to
+halt with an error when building the source package are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Adding or removing symbolic links, sockets or pipes.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Changing the targets of symbolic links.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Creating directories, other than {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}}.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Changes to the contents of binary files.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+Changes which cause {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} to print a warning but continue
+anyway are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Removing files, directories or symlinks. {@FootNote{ Renaming a
+file is not treated specially "-" it is seen as the removal of the old
+file (which generates a warning, but is otherwise ignored), and the
+creation of the new one.}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+Changes which are not represented, but which are not detected by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}}, are:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Changing the permissions of files (other than
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}}) and directories.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}} directory and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} are handled
+specially by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"source"}} "-" before applying the changes it will
+create the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {debian}} directory, and afterwards it will make
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/rules"}} "world-exectuable."
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-controlfields}
+4.|0.5fe{ Control files and their fields}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Many of the tools in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} suite manipulate data in a common
+format, known as control files. Binary and source packages have
+control data as do the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} files which control the
+installation of uploaded files, and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s internal databases
+are in a similar format.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.1}
+4.1.|0.5fe{ Syntax of control files}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+A file consists of one or more paragraphs of fields. The paragraphs
+are separated by blank lines. Some control files only allow one
+paragraph; others allow several, in which case each paragraph often
+refers to a different package.
+@LP
+
+Each paragraph is a series of fields and values; each field consists
+of a name, followed by a colon and the value. It ends at the end of
+the line. Horizontal whitespace (spaces and tabs) may occur before or
+after the value and is ignored there; it is conventional to put a
+single space after the colon.
+@LP
+
+Some fields' values may span several lines; in this case each
+continuation line {{Times Slope} @Font {must}} start with a space or tab. Any trailing
+spaces or tabs at the end of individual lines of a field value are
+ignored.
+@LP
+
+Except where otherwise stated only a single line of data is allowed
+and whitespace is not significant in a field body. Whitespace may
+never appear inside names (of packages, architectures, files or
+anything else), version numbers or in between the characters of
+"multi-character" version relationships.
+@LP
+
+Field names are not "case-sensitive," but it is usual to capitalise the
+fields using mixed case as shown below.
+@LP
+
+Blank lines, or lines consisting only of spaces and tabs, are not
+allowed within field values or between fields "-" that would mean a new
+paragraph.
+@LP
+
+It is important to note that there are several fields which are
+optional as far as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and the related tools are concerned,
+but which must appear in every Debian package, or whose omission may
+cause problems. When writing the control files for Debian packages
+you {{Times Slope} @Font {must}} read the Debian policy manual in conjuction with the
+details below and the list of fields for the particular file.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.2}
+4.2.|0.5fe{ List of fields
+}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Package}
+4.2.1.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The name of the binary package. Package names consist of the
+alphanumerics and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {+}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.}} (plus, minus and full
+stop).{@FootNote{ The characters {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"@"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {:}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {=}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {%}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {_}} (at,
+colon, equals, percent and underscore) used to be legal and are still
+accepted when found in a package file, but may not be used in new
+packages}}
+@LP
+
+They must be at least two characters and must start with an
+alphanumeric. In current versions of dpkg they are sort of
+"case-sensitive"{@FootNote{ This is a bug.}}; use lowercase
+package names unless the package you're building (or referring to, in
+other fields) is already using uppercase.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Version}
+4.2.2.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This lists the source or binary package's version number "-" see `Version numbering', page @PageOf{ch-versions}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Architecture}
+4.2.3.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This is the architecture string; it is a single word for the CPU
+architecture.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will check the declared architecture of a binary package
+against its own "compiled-in" value before it installs it.
+@LP
+
+The special value {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {all}} indicates that the package is
+"architecture-independent."
+@LP
+
+In the main {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}} file in the source package, or in
+the source package control file {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}, a list of architectures
+(separated by spaces) is also allowed, as is the special value
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {any}}. A list indicates that the source will build an
+"architecture-dependent" package, and will only work correctly on the
+listed architectures. {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {any}} indicates that though the source
+package isn't dependent on any particular architecture and should
+compile fine on any one, the binary package(s) produced are not
+"architecture-independent" but will instead be specific to whatever the
+current build architecture is.
+@LP
+
+In a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Architecture}} field lists the
+architecture(s) of the package(s) currently being uploaded. This will
+be a list; if the source for the package is being uploaded too the
+special entry {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {source}} is also present.
+@LP
+
+The current build architecture can be determined using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg
+""--""--"print"--"architecture"}}.{@FootNote{ This actually invokes
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+gcc ""--""--"print"--"libgcc"--"file"--"name"}}} //0.2fe
+
+and parses and decomposes the output and looks the CPU type from the
+GCC configuration in a table in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}. This is so that it will
+work if you're "cross-compiling."}}
+This value is automatically used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}} when
+building the control file for a binary package for which the source
+control information doesn't specify architecture {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {all}}.
+@LP
+
+There is a separate option, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"print"--"installation"--"architecture"}},
+for finding out what architecture {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} is willing to install.
+This information is also in the output of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"version"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Maintainer}
+4.2.4.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Maintainer}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The package maintainer's name and email address. The name should come
+first, then the email address inside angle brackets {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<>}} (in
+RFC822 format).
+@LP
+
+If the maintainer's name contains a full stop then the whole field
+will not work directly as an email address due to a misfeature in the
+syntax specified in RFC822; a program using this field as an address
+must check for this and correct the problem if necessary (for example
+by putting the name in round brackets and moving it to the end, and
+bringing the email address forward).
+@LP
+
+In a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file or parsed changelog data this contains the
+name and email address of the person responsible for the particular
+version in question "-" this may not be the package's usual maintainer.
+@LP
+
+This field is usually optional in as far as the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} are
+concerned, but its absence when building packages usually generates a
+warning.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Source}
+4.2.5.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Source}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field identifies the source package name.
+@LP
+
+In a main source control information or a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}
+file or parsed changelog data this may contain only the name of the
+source package.
+@LP
+
+In the control file of a binary package (or in a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} file)
+it may be followed by a version number in parentheses.{@FootNote{ It is
+usual to leave a space after the package name if a version number is
+specified.}} This version number may be omitted (and is, by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"gencontrol"}}) if it has the same value as the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}}
+field of the binary package in question. The field itself may be
+omitted from a binary package control file when the source package has
+the same name and version as the binary package.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.2.6}
+4.2.6.|0.5fe{ Package interrelationship fields:
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These fields describe the package's relationships with other packages.
+Their syntax and semantics are described in `Declaring relationships between packages', page @PageOf{ch-relationships}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Description}
+4.2.7.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+In a binary package {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} file or main source control file
+this field contains a description of the binary package, in a special
+format. See `Descriptions of packages "-" the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} field', page @PageOf{ch-descriptions} for details.
+@LP
+
+In a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file it contains a summary of the descriptions for
+the packages being uploaded. The part of the field before the first
+newline is empty; thereafter each line has the name of a binary
+package and the summary description line from that binary package.
+Each line is indented by one space.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Essential}
+4.2.8.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This is a boolean field which may occur only in the control file of a
+binary package (or in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} file) or in a "per-package"
+fields paragraph of a main source control data file.
+@LP
+
+If set to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {yes}} then {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will refuse to
+remove the package (though it can be upgraded "and/or" replaced). The
+other possible value is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {no}}, which is the same as not having the
+field at all.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-classification}
+4.2.9.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These two fields classify the package. The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}} represents
+how important that it is that the user have it installed; the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} represents an application area into which the package has
+been classified.
+@LP
+
+When they appear in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}} file these fields give
+values for the section and priority subfields of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}} field
+of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file, and give defaults for the section and
+priority of the binary packages.
+@LP
+
+The section and priority are represented, though not as separate
+fields, in the information for each file in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}} field of a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file. The
+section value in a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file is used to decide where to
+install a package in the FTP archive.
+@LP
+
+These fields are not used by by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} proper, but by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} when it sorts packages and selects defaults. See the
+Debian policy manual for the priorities in use and the criteria for
+selecting the priority for a Debian package, and look at the Debian
+FTP archive for a list of currently "in-use" priorities.
+@LP
+
+These fields may appear in binary package control files, in which case
+they provide a default value in case the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} files are
+missing the information. {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will only use
+the value from a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} file if they have no other information; a
+value listed in a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} file will always take precedence. By
+default {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"genchanges"}} does not include the section and
+priority in the control file of a binary package "-" use the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"isp"}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"is"}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"ip"}} options to achieve this effect.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Binary}
+4.2.10.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Binary}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field is a list of binary packages.
+@LP
+
+When it appears in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} file it is the list of binary
+packages which a source package can produce. It does not necessarily
+produce all of these binary packages for every architecture. The
+source control file doesn't contain details of which architectures are
+appropriate for which of the binary packages.
+@LP
+
+When it appears in a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file it lists the names of the
+binary packages actually being uploaded.
+@LP
+
+The syntax is a list of binary packages separated by
+commas.{@FootNote{ A space after each comma is conventional.}}
+Currently the packages must be separated using only spaces in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Installed-Size}
+4.2.11.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Installed"--"Size"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field appears in the control files of binary packages, and in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} files. It gives the total amount of disk space
+required to install the named package.
+@LP
+
+The disk space is represented in kilobytes as a simple decimal number.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Files}
+4.2.12.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field contains a list of files with information about each one.
+The exact information and syntax varies with the context. In all
+cases the the part of the field contents on the same line as the field
+name is empty. The remainder of the field is one line per file, each
+line being indented by one space and containing a number of "sub-fields"
+separated by spaces.
+@LP
+
+In the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} (Debian source control) file each line contains the
+MD5 checksum, size and filename of the tarfile and (if applicable)
+diff file which make up the remainder of the source
+package.{@FootNote{ That is, the parts which are not the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}}.}} The exact forms of the filenames are described
+in `Source packages as archives', page @PageOf{s-sourcearchives}.
+@LP
+
+In the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file this contains one line per file being
+uploaded. Each line contains the MD5 checksum, size, section and
+priority and the filename. The section and priority are the values of
+the corresponding fields in the main source control file "-" see `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Section}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}', page @PageOf{s-f-classification}. If no section or priority is specified then
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}} should be used, though section and priority values must be
+specified for new packages to be installed properly.
+@LP
+
+The special value {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {byhand}} for the section in a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file
+indicates that the file in question is not an ordinary package file
+and must by installed by hand by the distribution maintainers. If the
+section is {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {byhand}} the priority should be {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}}.
+@LP
+
+If a new Debian revision of a package is being shipped and no new
+original source archive is being distributed the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} must still
+contain the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Files}} field entry for the original source archive
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}""--""{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}.orig.tar.gz}}, but the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file should leave it out. In this case the original
+source archive on the distribution site must match exactly,
+"byte-for-byte," the original source archive which was used to generate
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.dsc}} file and diff which are being uploaded.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Standards-Version}
+4.2.13.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Standards"--"Version"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The most recent version of the standards (the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} programmers'
+and policy manuals and associated texts) with which the package
+complies. This is updated manually when editing the source package to
+conform to newer standards; it can sometimes be used to tell when a
+package needs attention.
+@LP
+
+Its format is the same as that of a version number except that no
+epoch or Debian revision is allowed "-" see `Version numbering', page @PageOf{ch-versions}.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Distribution}
+4.2.14.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Distribution}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+In a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file or parsed changelog output this contains the
+"(space-separated)" name(s) of the distribution(s) where this version of
+the package should be or was installed. Distribution names follow the
+rules for package names. (See `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package}}', page @PageOf{s-f-Package}).
+@LP
+
+Current distribution values are {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {stable}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {unstable}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {contrib}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"non"--"free"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {experimental}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Urgency}
+4.2.15.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Urgency}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This is a description of how important it is to upgrade to this
+version from previous ones. It consists of a single keyword usually
+taking one of the values {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {LOW}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {MEDIUM}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {HIGH}}) followed
+by an optional commentary (separated by a space) which is usually in
+parentheses. For example:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Urgency: LOW (HIGH for diversions users)}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+This field appears in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file and in parsed changelogs;
+its value appears as the value of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {urgency}} attribute in a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}"-style" changelog (see `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/changelog"}}', page @PageOf{s-dpkgchangelog}).
+@LP
+
+Urgency keywords are not "case-sensitive."
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Date}
+4.2.16.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Date}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+In {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} files and parsed changelogs, this gives the date the
+package was built or last edited.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Format}
+4.2.17.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Format}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field occurs in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} files, and specifies a format
+revision for the file. The format described here is version {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1.5}}.
+The syntax of the format value is the same as that of a package
+version number except that no epoch or Debian revision is allowed "-"
+see `Version numbering', page @PageOf{ch-versions}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Changes}
+4.2.18.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Changes}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+In a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.changes}} file or parsed changelog this field contains the
+"human-readable" changes data, describing the differences between the
+last version and the current one.
+@LP
+
+There should be nothing in this field before the first newline; all
+the subsequent lines must be indented by at least one space; blank
+lines must be represented by a line consiting only of a space and a
+full stop.
+@LP
+
+Each version's change information should be preceded by a `title' line
+giving at least the version, distribution(s) and urgency, in a
+"human-readable" way.
+@LP
+
+If data from several versions is being returned the entry for the most
+recent version should be returned first, and entries should be
+separated by the representation of a blank line (the `title' line may
+also be followed by the representation of blank line).
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Filename}
+4.2.19.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Filename}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"MSDOS"--"Filename"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These fields in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} files give the filename(s) of (the parts
+of) a package in the distribution directories, relative to the root of
+the Debian hierarchy. If the package has been split into several
+parts the parts are all listed in order, separated by spaces.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Size}
+4.2.20.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Size}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {MD5sum}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These fields in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} files give the size (in bytes, expressed
+in decimal) and MD5 checksum of the file(s) which make(s) up a binary
+package in the distribution. If the package is split into several
+parts the values for the parts are listed in order, separated by
+spaces.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Status}
+4.2.21.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Status}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s status file records whether the user wants a
+package installed, removed or left alone, whether it is broken
+(requiring reinstallation) or not and what its current state on the
+system is. Each of these pieces of information is a single word.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Config-Version}
+4.2.22.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Config"--"Version"}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+If a package is not installed or not configured, this field in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s status file records the last version of the package which
+was successfully configured.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-f-Conffiles}
+4.2.23.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conffiles}}}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+This field in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s status file contains information about the
+"automatically-managed" configuration files held by a package. This
+field should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} appear anywhere in a package!
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s4.2.24}
+4.2.24.|0.5fe{ Obsolete fields}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These are still recognised by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} but should not appear anywhere
+any more.
+
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Revision}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Package"--"Revision"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Package_Revision}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+The Debian revision part of the package version was at one point in a
+separate control file field. This field went through several names.
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommended}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Old name for {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Optional}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Old name for {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}.
+
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Class}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+Old name for {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Priority}}.
+
+}}
+//0.2fe
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-versions}
+5.|0.5fe{ Version numbering}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Every package has a version number, in its {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}} control file
+field.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} imposes an ordering on version numbers, so that it can tell
+whether packages are being "up-" or downgraded and so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}
+can tell whether a package it finds available is newer than the one
+installed on the system. The version number format has the most
+significant parts (as far as comparison is concerned) at the
+beginning.
+@LP
+
+The version number format is:
+[{{Times Slope} @Font {epoch}}{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {:}}]{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}[{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}}{{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}}].
+@LP
+
+The three components here are:
+
+
+@LP
+{|0.5f {{{Times Slope} @Font {epoch}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is a single unsigned integer, which should usually be small. It
+may be omitted, in which case zero is assumed. If it is omitted then
+the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} may not contain any colons.
+@LP
+
+It is provided to allow mistakes in the version numbers of older
+versions of a package, and also a package's previous version numbering
+schemes, to be left behind.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will not usually display the epoch unless it is essential
+"(non-zero," or if the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} contains a colon);
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} does not display epochs at all in the main part of the
+package selection display.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is the main part of the version. It is usually version number of
+the original (`upstream') package of which the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} file has been
+made, if this is applicable. Usually this will be in the same format
+as that specified by the upstream author(s); however, it may need to
+be reformatted to fit into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s format and comparison scheme.
+@LP
+
+The comparison behaviour of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} with respect to the
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} is described below. The {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}
+portion of the version number is mandatory.
+@LP
+
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} may contain only alphanumerics and the
+characters {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {+}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {:}} (full stop, plus, hyphen,
+colon) and should start with a digit. If there is no
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} then hyphens are not allowed; if there is no
+{{Times Slope} @Font {epoch}} then colons are not allowed.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This part of the version represents the version of the modifications
+that were made to the package to make it a Debian binary package. It
+is in the same format as the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+compares it in the same way.
+@LP
+
+It is optional; if it isn't present then the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}}
+may not contain a hyphen. This format represents the case where a
+piece of software was written specifically to be turned into a Debian
+binary package, and so there is only one `debianization' of it and
+therefore no revision indication is required.
+@LP
+
+It is conventional to restart the {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} at {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1}} each
+time the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} is increased.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will break the {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} and
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} apart at the last hyphen in the string. The
+absence of a {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} compares earlier than the presence
+of one (but note that the {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} is the least
+significant part of the version number).
+@LP
+
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} may contain only alphanumerics and the
+characters {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {+}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.}} (plus and full stop).
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+
+
+@LP
+The {{Times Slope} @Font {"upstream-version"}} and {{Times Slope} @Font {"debian-revision"}} parts are
+compared by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} using the same algorithm:
+@LP
+
+The strings are compared from left to right.
+@LP
+
+First the initial part of each string consisting entirely of "non-digit"
+characters is determined. These two parts (one of which may be empty)
+are compared lexically. If a difference is found it is returned. The
+lexical comparison is a comparison of ASCII values modified so that
+all the letters sort earlier than all the "non-letters."
+@LP
+
+Then the initial part of the remainder of each string which consists
+entirely of digit characters is determined. The numerical values of
+these two parts are compared, and any difference found is returned as
+the result of the comparison. For these purposes an empty string
+(which can only occur at the end of one or both version strings being
+compared) counts as zero.
+@LP
+
+These two steps are repeated (chopping initial "non-digit" strings and
+initial digit strings off from the start) until a difference is found
+or both strings are exhausted.
+@LP
+
+Note that the purpose of epochs is to allow us to leave behind
+mistakes in version numbering, and to cope with situations where the
+version numbering changes. It is {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} there to cope with version
+numbers containing strings of letters which {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} cannot interpret
+(such as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ALPHA}} or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"pre"--""}}), or with silly orderings (the author
+of this manual has heard of a package whose versions went {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1.1}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1.2}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1.3}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {1}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {2.1}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {2.2}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {2}} and so forth).
+@LP
+
+If an upstream package has problematic version numbers they should be
+converted to a sane form for use in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Version}} field.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-maintainerscripts}
+6.|0.5fe{ Package maintainer scripts
+and installation procedure}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s6.1}
+6.1.|0.5fe{ Introduction to package maintainer scripts}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+It is possible supply scripts as part of a package which {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+will run for you when your package is installed, upgraded or removed.
+@LP
+
+These scripts should be the files {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {preinst}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {prerm}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postrm}} in the control area of the package. They
+must be proper exectuable files; if they are scripts (which is
+recommended) they must start with the usual {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#!"}} convention. They
+should be readable and executable to anyone, and not "world-writeable."
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} looks at the exit status from these scripts. It is
+important that they exit with a "non-zero" status if there is an error,
+so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} can stop its processing. For shell scripts this
+means that you {{Times Slope} @Font {almost always}} need to use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {set ""--"e"}} (this is
+usually true when writing shell scripts, in fact). It is also
+important, of course, that they don't exit with a "non-zero" status if
+everything went well.
+@LP
+
+It is necessary for the error recovery procedures that the scripts be
+idempotent: ie, invoking the same script several times in the same
+situation should do no harm. If the first call failed, or aborted
+half way through for some reason, the second call should merely do the
+things that were left undone the first time, if any, and exit with a
+success status.
+@LP
+
+When a package is upgraded a combination of the scripts from the old
+and new packages is called in amongst the other steps of the upgrade
+procedure. If your scripts are going to be at all complicated you
+need to be aware of this, and may need to check the arguments to your
+scripts.
+@LP
+
+Broadly speaking the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {preinst}} is called before (a particular
+version of) a package is installed, and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} afterwards;
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {prerm}} before (a version of) a package is removed and the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postrm}} afterwards.
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-mscriptsinstact}
+6.2.|0.5fe{ Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-preinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {install}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-preinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {install}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-preinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {upgrade}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"old-preinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"upgrade"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {postinst}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {configure}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"most-recently-configured-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"old-postinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"upgrade"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {new version}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's-postinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"remove"}}
+ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"in"--"favour"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {package}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's-postinst"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"deconfigure"}}
+ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"in"--"favour"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"failed-install-package"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {version}}
+ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {removing}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting-package"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {version}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {prerm}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {remove}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"old-prerm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {upgrade}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-prerm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"failed"--"upgrade"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's-prerm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {remove}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"in"--"favour"}}
+ {{Times Slope} @Font {package}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's-prerm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {deconfigure}}
+ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"in"--"favour"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"package-being-installed"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {version}}
+ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {removing}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting-package"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {version}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {postrm}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {remove}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {postrm}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {purge}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"old-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {upgrade}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"failed"--"upgrade"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"install"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"install"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"new-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"--"upgrade"}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"old-version"}}
+}
+@ListItem {
+{{Times Slope} @Font {"disappearer's-postrm"}} {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {disappear}} {{Times Slope} @Font {overwriter}} {{Times Slope} @Font {"new-version"}}
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s6.3}
+6.3.|0.5fe{ Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The procedure on "installation/upgrade/overwrite/disappear" (ie, when
+running {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"unpack"}}, or the unpack stage of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg
+""--""--"install"}}) is as follows. In each case if an error occurs the
+actions in are general run backwards "-" this means that the maintainer
+scripts are run with different arguments in reverse order. These are
+the `error unwind' calls listed below.
+
+
+@LP
+{@RawNumberedList
+@ListItem {
+{@RawRomanList
+@ListItem {
+If a version the package is already
+installed, call
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"prerm"}}}} upgrade {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+If this gives an error (ie, a "non-zero" exit status), dpkg will
+attempt instead:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"prerm"}}}} "failed"--"upgrade" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+Error unwind, for both the above cases:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"postinst"}}}} "abort"--"upgrade" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:
+
+@LP
+{@RawRomanList
+@ListItem {
+If any packages depended on that conflicting package and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"auto"--"deconfigure"}} is specified, call, for each such package:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"--"prerm"}}}} deconfigure "\\"
+ "in"--"favour" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"package"--"being"--"installed"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}} "\\"
+ removing {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"--"package"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+Error unwind:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"--"postinst"}}}} "abort"--"deconfigure" "\\"
+ "in"--"favour" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"package"--"being"--"installed"--"but"--"failed"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}} "\\"
+ removing {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"--"package"}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {version}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+The deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so
+that if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"install"}} is used they will be configured again if
+possible.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"--"prerm"}}}} remove "in"--"favour" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+Error unwind:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"--"postinst"}}}} "abort"--"remove" "\\"
+ "in"--"favour" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+{@RawRomanList
+@ListItem {
+If the package is being upgraded, call:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"preinst"}}}} upgrade {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"preinst"}}}} install {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"preinst"}}}} install}}} //0.2fe
+
+Error unwind versions, respectively:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"postrm"}}}} "abort"--"upgrade" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"postrm"}}}} "abort"--"install" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"postrm"}}}} "abort"--"install"}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The new package's files are unpacked, overwriting any that may be on
+the system already, for example any from the old version of the same
+package or from another package (backups of the old files are left
+around, and if anything goes wrong dpkg will attempt to put them back
+as part of the error unwind).
+@LP
+
+It is an error for a package to contains files which are on the system
+in another package, unless {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} is used (see
+`{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} "-" overwriting files and replacing packages', page @PageOf{s-replaces}). Currently the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"force"--"overwrite"}} flag is
+enabled, downgrading it to a warning, but this may not always be the
+case.
+@LP
+
+Packages which overwrite each other's files produce behaviour which
+though deterministic is hard for the system administrator to
+understand. It can easily lead to `missing' programs if, for example,
+a package is installed which overwrites a file from another package,
+and is then removed again.{@FootNote{ Part of the problem is due to what
+is arguably a bug in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}.}}
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+{@RawRomanList
+@ListItem {
+If the package is being upgraded, call
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"postrm"}}}} upgrade {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+If this fails, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will attempt:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"postrm"}}}} "failed"--"upgrade" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+Error unwind, for both cases:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"old"--"preinst"}}}} "abort"--"upgrade" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"new"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+
+@LP
+This is the point of no return "-" if {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} gets this far, it won't
+back off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the
+package in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful
+reinstallation to clear up, but it's when {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} starts doing
+things that are irreversible.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Any files which were in the old version of the package but not in the
+new are removed.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The new file list replaces the old.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The new maintainer scripts replace the old.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+
+
+@LP
+{@RawRomanList
+@ListItem {
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} calls:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"disappearer's"--"postrm"}}}} disappear "\\"
+ {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {overwriter}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"overwriter"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The package's maintainer scripts are removed.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
+not installed (any conffiles it may have are ignored, rather than
+being removed by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}). Note that disappearing packages do not
+have their prerm called, because {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Any files in the package we're unpacking that are also listed in the
+file lists of other packages are removed from those lists. (This will
+lobotomise the file list of the `conflicting' package if there is one.)
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The backup files made during installation, above, are deleted.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The new package's status is now sane, and recorded as `unpacked'. Here
+is another point of no return "-" if the conflicting package's removal
+fails we do not unwind the rest of the installation; the conflicting
+package is left in a "half-removed" limbo.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+If there was a conflicting package we go and do the removal actions
+(described below), starting with the removal of the conflicting
+package's files (any that are also in the package being installed
+have already been removed from the conflicting package's file list,
+and so do not get removed now).
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s6.4}
+6.4.|0.5fe{ Details of configuration}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When we configure a package (this happens with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"install"}}, or
+with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"configure"}}), we first update the conffiles and then call:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {postinst}}}} configure {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"most"--"recently"--"configured"--"version"}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+No attempt is made to unwind after errors during configuration.
+@LP
+
+If there is no most recently configured version {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will pass a
+null argument; older versions of dpkg may pass
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<unknown>}} (including the angle brackets) in this case.
+Even older ones do not pass a second argument at all, under any
+circumstances.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s6.5}
+6.5.|0.5fe{ Details of removal "and/or" configuration purging}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawNumberedList
+@ListItem {
+
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {prerm}}}} remove}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The package's files are removed (except conffiles).
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {postrm}}}} remove}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+All the maintainer scripts except the postrm are removed.
+@LP
+
+If we aren't purging the package we stop here. Note that packages
+which have no postrm and no conffiles are automatically purged when
+removed, as there is no difference except for the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} status.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The conffiles and any backup files ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {~}}"-files," {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"#*#"}} files,
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {%}}"-files," {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {".dpkg"--"{old,new,tmp}"}}, etc.) are removed.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {postrm}}}} purge}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+The package's file list is removed.
+
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+
+@LP
+No attempt is made to unwind after errors during removal.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-descriptions}
+7.|0.5fe{ Descriptions of packages "-" the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} field}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} control file field is used by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} when
+the user is selecting which packages to install and by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+when it displays information about the status of packages and so
+forth. It is included on the FTP site in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Packages}} files,
+and may also be used by the Debian WWW pages.
+@LP
+
+The description is intended to describe the program to a user who has
+never met it before so that they know whether they want to install it.
+It should also give information about the significant dependencies and
+conflicts between this package and others, so that the user knows why
+these dependencies and conflicts have been declared.
+@LP
+
+The field's format is as follows:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Description: {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {single line synopsis}}}}
+ {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {extended description over several lines}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+The synopsis is often printed in lists of packages and so forth, and
+should be as informative as possible. Every package should also have
+an extended description.
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s7.1}
+7.1.|0.5fe{ Types of formatting line in the extended description}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{@RawBulletList
+@ListItem {
+Those starting with a single space are part of a paragraph.
+Successive lines of this form will be "word-wrapped" when displayed.
+The leading space will usually be stripped off.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Those starting with two or more spaces. These will be displayed
+verbatim. If the display cannot be panned horizontally the
+displaying program will linewrap them `hard' (ie, without taking
+account of word breaks). If it can they will be allowed to trail
+off to the right. None, one or two initial spaces may be deleted,
+but the number of spaces deleted from each line will be the same
+(so that you can have indenting work correctly, for example).
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Those containing a single space followed by a single full stop
+character. These are rendered as blank lines. This is the {{Times Slope} @Font {only}}
+way to get a blank line "-" see below.
+
+}
+@ListItem {
+Those containing a space, a full stop and some more characters. These
+are for future expansion. Do not use them.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s7.2}
+7.2.|0.5fe{ Notes about writing descriptions}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Always}} start extended description lines with at least one
+whitespace character. Fields in the control file and in the Packages
+file are separated by field names starting in the first column, just
+as message header fields are in RFC822. Forgetting the whitespace
+will cause {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"deb"}}{@FootNote{ Version 0.93.23 or
+later.}} to produce a syntax error when trying to build the
+package. If you force it to build anyway {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will refuse to
+install the resulting mess.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Do not}} include any completely {{Times Slope} @Font {empty}} lines. These separate
+different records in the Packages file and different packages in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/control"}} file, and are forbidden in package control
+files. See the previous paragraph for what happens if you get this
+wrong.
+@LP
+
+The single line synopsis should be kept brief "-" certainly under 80
+characters. {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} displays between 25 and 49 characters
+without panning if you're using an "80-column" terminal, depending on
+what display options are in effect.
+@LP
+
+Do not include the package name in the synopsis line. The display
+software knows how to display this already, and you do not need to
+state it. Remember that in many situations the user may only see
+the synopsis line "-" make it as informative as you can.
+@LP
+
+The extended description should describe what the package does and
+how it relates to the rest of the system (in terms of, for
+example, which subsystem it is which part of).
+@LP
+
+The blurb that comes with a program in its announcements "and/or"
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {README}} files is rarely suitable for use in a description. It
+is usually aimed at people who are already in the community where the
+package is used. The description field needs to make sense to anyone,
+even people who have no idea about any of the
+things the package deals with.
+@LP
+
+Put important information first, both in the synopis and extended
+description. Sometimes only the first part of the synopsis or of
+the description will be displayed. You can assume that there will
+usually be a way to see the whole extended description.
+@LP
+
+You may include information about dependencies and so forth in the
+extended description, if you wish.
+@LP
+
+Do not use tab characters. Their effect is not predictable.
+@LP
+
+Do not try to linewrap the summary (the part on the same line as the
+field name {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}}) into the extended description. This will
+not work correctly when the full description is displayed, and makes
+no sense where only the summary is available.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s7.3}
+7.3.|0.5fe{ Example description in control file for Smail}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: smail
+Version: "3.1.29.1"--"13"
+Maintainer: Ian Jackson <"iwj10@cus.cam.ac.uk">
+Recommends: pine "|" mailx "|" elm "|" emacs "|" "mail"--"user"--"agent"
+Suggests: metamail
+Depends: cron, libc5
+Conflicts: sendmail
+Provides: "mail"--"transport"--"agent"
+Description: Electronic mail transport system.
+ Smail is the recommended mail transport agent (MTA) for Debian.
+ .
+ An MTA is the innards of the mail system ""--"" it takes messages from
+ "user"--"friendly" mailer programs and arranges for them to be delivered
+ locally or passed on to other systems as required.
+ .
+ In order to make use of it you must have one or more user level
+ mailreader programs such as elm, pine, mailx or Emacs (which has Rmail
+ and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other
+ than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate
+ and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other
+ than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate
+ networking support, in the form of IP or UUCP.}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-relationships}
+8.|0.5fe{ Declaring relationships between packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Packages can declare in their control file that they have certain
+relationships to other packages "-" for example, that they may not be
+installed at the same time as certain other packages, "and/or" that they
+depend on the presence of others, or that they should overwrite files
+in certain other packages if present.
+@LP
+
+This is done using the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} control file fields.
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-depsyntax}
+8.1.|0.5fe{ Syntax of relationship fields}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These fields all have a uniform syntax. They are a list of package
+names separated by commas.
+@LP
+
+In {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}
+(the fields which declare dependencies of the package in which they
+occur on other packages) these package names may also be lists of
+alternative package names, separated by vertical bar symbols {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"|"}}
+(pipe symbols).
+@LP
+
+All the fields except {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}} may restrict their applicability
+to particular versions of each named package. This is done in
+parentheses after each individual package name; the parentheses should
+contain a relation from the list below followed by a version number,
+in the format described in `Version numbering', page @PageOf{ch-versions}.
+@LP
+
+The relations allowed are
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<<}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<=}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {=}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {>=}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {>>}}
+for strictly earlier, earlier or equal, exactly equal, later or equal
+and strictly later, respectively. The forms {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {<}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {>}}
+were used to mean "earlier/later" or equal, rather than strictly
+"earlier/later," so they should not appear in new packages (though
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} still supports them).
+@LP
+
+Whitespace may appear at any point in the version specification, and
+must appear where it's necessary to disambiguate; it is not otherwise
+significant. For consistency and in case of future changes to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} it is recommended that a single space be used after a
+version relationship and before a version number; it is usual also to
+put a single space after each comma, on either side of each vertical
+bar, and before each open parenthesis.
+@LP
+
+For example:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: metamail
+Version: "2.7"--"3"
+Depends: libc5 (>= "5.2.18"--"4)," "mime"--"support," csh "|" tcsh}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.2}
+8.2.|0.5fe{ Dependencies "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+These four fields are used to declare a dependency by one package on
+another. They appear in the depending package's control file.
+@LP
+
+All but {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}} (discussed below) take effect {{Times Slope} @Font {only}} when
+a package is to be configured. They do not prevent a package being on
+the system in an unconfigured state while its dependencies are
+unsatisfied, and it is possible to replace a package whose
+dependencies are satisfied and which is properly installed with a
+different version whose dependencies are not and cannot be satisfied;
+when this is done the depending package will be left unconfigured
+(since attempts to configure it will give errors) and will not
+function properly.
+@LP
+
+For this reason packages in an installation run are usually all
+unpacked first and all configured later; this gives later versions of
+packages with dependencies on later versions of other packages the
+opportunity to have their dependencies satisfied.
+@LP
+
+Thus {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} allows package maintainers to impose an order in
+which packages should be configured.
+
+
+@LP
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This declares an absolute dependency.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will not configure
+packages whose dependencies aren't satisfied. If it is asked to make
+an installation which would cause an installed package's dependencies
+to become unsatisfied it will complain{@FootNote{ Current versions
+(1.2.4) of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} have a bug in this area which will cause some of
+these problems to be ignored.}}, unless
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"auto"--"deconfigure"}} is specified, in which case those packages
+will be deconfigured before the installation proceeds.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} makes it hard for the user to select packages for
+installation, removal or upgrade in a way that would mean that
+packages' {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} fields would be unsatisfied. The user can
+override this if they wish, for example if they know that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}
+has an "out-of-date" view of the real package relationships.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} field should be used if the "depended-on" package is
+required for the depending package to provide a significant amount of
+functionality.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}} is ignored by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, so that users using the
+"command-line" (who are presumed to know what they're doing) will not be
+impeded.
+@LP
+
+It is treated by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} exactly as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} is; this makes
+it hard for the user to select things so as to leave {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}
+fields unsatisfied, but they are able to do so by being persistent.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}} field should list packages that would be found
+together with this one in all but unusual installations.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This is used to declare that one package may be more useful with one
+or more others. Using this field tells the packaging system and the
+user that the listed packages are be related to this one and can
+perhaps enhance its usefulness, but that installing this one without
+them is perfectly reasonable.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will offer suggsted packages to the system administrator
+when they select the suggesting package, but the default is not to
+install the suggested package.
+
+}
+//0fe //1.2fx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}}}
+//1.0vx
+@RawIndentedDisplay {
+This field is like {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, except that it also forces {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+to complete installation of the packages named before even starting
+the installation of the package which declares the predependency.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} checks for predependencies when it is doing an
+installation run, and will attempt to find the packages which are
+required to be installed first and do so in the right order.
+@LP
+
+However, this process is slow (because it requires repeated
+invocations of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}) and troublesome (because it requires
+guessing where to find the appropriate files).
+@LP
+
+For these reasons, and because this field imposes restrictions on the
+order in which packages may be unpacked (which can be difficult for
+installations from multipart media, for example), {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}}
+should be used sparingly, preferably only by packages whose premature
+upgrade or installation would hamper the ability of the system to
+continue with any upgrade that might be in progress.
+@LP
+
+When the package declaring it is being configured, a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Dependency"}} will be considered satisfied only if the depending
+package has been correctly configured, just as if an ordinary
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}} had been used.
+@LP
+
+However, when a package declaring a predependency is being unpacked
+the predependency can be satisfied even if the "depended-on" package(s)
+are only unpacked or "half-configured," provided that they have been
+configured correctly at some point in the past (and not removed or
+partially removed since). In this case both the "previously-configured"
+and currently unpacked or "half-configured" versions must satisfy any
+version clause in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"Pre"--"Depends"}} field.
+
+}
+//0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.2.1}
+8.2.1.|0.5fe{ Dependencies on shared libraries}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The dependency fields listed above are used by packages which need
+shared libraries to declare dependencies on the appropriate packages.
+@LP
+
+These dependencies are usually determined automatically using
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"shlibdeps"}} and inserted in the package control file using
+the control file substitution variables mechanism; see `{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/substvars"}} and variable substitutions', page @PageOf{s-srcsubstvars} and `Tools for processing source packages', page @PageOf{s-sourcetools}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.2.2}
+8.2.2.|0.5fe{ Deconfiguration due to removal during bulk installations}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+If {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} would like to remove a package due to a conflict, as
+described above, but this would violate a dependency of some other
+package on the system, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will usually not remove the
+conflicting package and halt with an error.
+@LP
+
+However, if the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"auto"--"deconfigure"}} ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"B"}}) option is used
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will automatically `deconfigure' the package with the
+problematic dependency, so that the conflicting package can be removed
+and the package we're trying to install can be installed. If
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} is being asked to install packages (rather than just
+unpacking them) it will try to reconfigure the package when it has
+unpacked all its arguments, in the hope that one of the other packages
+it is installing will satisfy the problematic dependency.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} supplies this argument to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} when it invokes it,
+so that bulk installations proceed smoothly.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-conflicts}
+8.3.|0.5fe{ Alternative packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When one package declares a conflict with another {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will
+refuse to allow them to be installed on the system at the same time.
+@LP
+
+If one package is to be installed, the other must be removed first "-"
+if the package being installed is marked as replacing (`{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} "-" overwriting files and replacing packages', page @PageOf{s-replaces}) the one on the system, or the one on the system is
+marked as deselected, or both packages are marked {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Essential}}, then
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will automatically remove the package which is causing the
+conflict, otherwise it will halt the installation of the new package
+with an error.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} makes it hard to select conflicting packages, though the
+user can override this if they wish. If they do not override it then
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will select one of the packages for removal, and the user
+must make sure it is the right one. In the future {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will
+look for the presence of a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} field to help decide which
+package should be installed and which removed.
+@LP
+
+A package will not cause a conflict merely because its configuration
+files are still installed; it must be at least "half-installed."
+@LP
+
+A special exception is made for packages which declare a conflict with
+their own package name, or with a virtual package which they provide
+(see below): this does not prevent their installation, and allows a
+package to conflict with others providing a replacement for it. You
+use this feature when you want the package in question to be the only
+package providing something.
+@LP
+
+A {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} entry should almost never have an `earlier than'
+version clause. This would prevent {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} from upgrading or
+installing the package which declared such a conflict until the
+upgrade or removal of the "conflicted-with" package had been completed.
+This aspect of installation ordering is not handled by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}},
+so that the use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} in this way is likely to cause problems
+for `bulk run' upgrades and installations.
+@LP
+
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-virtual}
+8.4.|0.5fe{ Virtual packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+As well as the names of actual (`concrete') packages, the package
+relationship fields {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Depends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Recommends}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Suggests}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} may mention virtual packages.
+@LP
+
+A virtual package is one which appears in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}} control
+file field of another package. The effect is as if the package(s)
+which provide a particular virtual package name had been listed by
+name everywhere were the virtual package name appears.
+@LP
+
+If there are both a real and a virtual package of the same name then
+the dependency may be satisfied (or the conflict caused) by either the
+real package or any of the virtual packages which provide it. This is
+so that, for example, supposing we have
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: vm
+Depends: emacs}}} //0.2fe
+
+and someone else releases an xemacs package they can say
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: xemacs
+Provides: emacs}}} //0.2fe
+
+and all will work in the interim (until a purely virtual package name
+is decided on and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {emacs}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {vm}} packages are changed to
+use it).
+@LP
+
+If a dependency or a conflict has a version number attached then only
+real packages will be considered to see whether the relationship is
+satisfied (or the prohibition violated, for a conflict) "-" it is
+assumed that a real package which provides virtual package is not of
+the `right' version. So, a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}} field may not contain
+version numbers, and the version number of the concrete package which
+provides a particular virtual package will not be looked at when
+considering a dependency on or conflict with the virtual package name.
+@LP
+
+If you want to specify which of a set of real packages should be the
+default to satisfy a particular dependency on a virtual package, you
+should list the real package as alternative before the virtual.
+@LP
+
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s-replaces}
+8.5.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} "-" overwriting files and replacing packages}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} control file field has two purposes, which come into
+play in different situations.
+@LP
+
+Virtual packages (`Virtual packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Provides}}', page @PageOf{s-virtual}) are not considered when looking
+at a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} field "-" the packages declared as being replaced
+must be mentioned by their real names.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.5.1}
+8.5.1.|0.5fe{ Overwriting files in other packages}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Firstly, as mentioned before, it is usually an error for a package to
+contains files which are on the system in another package, though
+currently the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"force"--"overwrite"}} flag is enabled by default,
+downgrading the error to a warning,
+@LP
+
+If the overwriting package declares that it replaces the one
+containing the file being overwritten then {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will proceed, and
+replace the file from the old package with that from the new. The
+file will no longer be listed as `owned' by the old package.
+@LP
+
+If a package is completely replaced in this way, so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+does not know of any files it still contains, it is considered to have
+disappeared. It will be marked as not wanted on the system (selected
+for removal) and not installed. Any conffiles details noted in the
+package will be ignored, as they will have been taken over by the
+replacing package(s). The package's {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postrm}} script will be run to
+allow the package to do any final cleanup required.
+See `Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called', page @PageOf{s-mscriptsinstact}.
+@LP
+
+In the future {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will discard files which overwrite those from
+another package which declares that it replaces the one being
+installed (so that you can install an older version of a package
+without problems).
+@LP
+
+This usage of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} only takes effect when both packages are
+at least partially on the system at once, so that it can only happen
+if they do not conflict or if the conflict has been overridden.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+@Heading +3p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.5.2}
+8.5.2.|0.5fe{ Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal}}}//0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Secondly, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}} allows {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} to resolve
+which package should be removed when a conflict "-" see
+`Alternative packages "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Conflicts}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Replaces}}', page @PageOf{s-conflicts}. This usage only takes effect when the two
+packages {{Times Slope} @Font {do}} conflict, so that the two effects do not interfere
+with each other.
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s8.6}
+8.6.|0.5fe{ Defaults for satisfying dependencies "-" ordering}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Ordering is significant in dependency fields.
+@LP
+
+Usually dselect will suggest to the user that they select the package
+with the most `fundamental' class (eg, it will prefer Base packages to
+Optional ones), or the one that they `most wanted' to select in some
+sense.
+@LP
+
+In the absence of other information {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will offer a
+default selection of the first named package in a list of
+alternatives.
+@LP
+
+However, there is no way to specify the `order' of several packages
+which all provide the same thing, when that thing is listed as a
+dependency.
+@LP
+
+Therefore a dependency on a virtual package should contain a concrete
+package name as the first alternative, so that this is the default.
+@LP
+
+For example, consider the set of packages:
+
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: glibcdoc
+Recommends: "info"--"browser"
+
+Package: info
+Provides: "info"--"browser"
+
+Package: emacs
+Provides: "info"--"browser"}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+If {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {emacs}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {info}} both have the same priority then
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s choice is essentially random. Better would be
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+Package: glibcdoc
+Recommends: info "|" "info"--"browser"}}} //0.2fe
+
+so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} defaults to selecting the lightweight standalone
+info browser.
+
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-conffiles}
+9.|0.5fe{ Configuration file handling}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} can do a certain amount of automatic handling of package
+configuration files.
+@LP
+
+Whether this mechanism is appropriate depends on a number of factors,
+but basically there are two approaches to any particular configuration
+file.
+@LP
+
+The easy method is to ship a "best-effort" configuration in the package,
+and use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s conffile mechanism to handle updates. If the user
+is unlikely to want to edit the file, but you need them to be able to
+without losing their changes, and a new package with a changed version
+of the file is only released infrequently, this is a good approach.
+@LP
+
+The hard method is to build the configuration file from scratch in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} script, and to take the responsibility for fixing any
+mistakes made in earlier versions of the package automatically. This
+will be appropriate if the file is likely to need to be different on
+each system.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s9.1}
+9.1.|0.5fe{ Automatic handling of configuration files by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+A package may contain a control area file called {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {conffiles}}. This
+file should be a list of filenames of configuration files needing
+automatic handling, separated by newlines. The filenames should be
+absolute pathnames, and the files referred to should actually exist in
+the package.
+@LP
+
+When a package is upgraded {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will process the configuration
+files during the configuration stage, shortly before it runs the
+package's {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} script,
+@LP
+
+For each file it checks to see whether the version of the file
+included in the package is the same as the one that was included in
+the last version of the package (the one that is being upgraded
+from); it also compares the version currently installed on the system
+with the one shipped with the last version.
+@LP
+
+If neither the user nor the package maintainer has changed the file,
+it is left alone. If one or the other has changed their version, then
+the changed version is preferred "-" ie, if the user edits their file,
+but the package maintainer doesn't ship a different version, the
+user's changes will stay, silently, but if the maintainer ships a new
+version and the user hasn't edited it the new version will be
+installed (with an informative message). If both have changed their
+version the user is prompted about the problem and must resolve the
+differences themselves.
+@LP
+
+The comparisons are done by calculating the MD5 message digests of the
+files, and storing the MD5 of the file as it was included in the most
+recent version of the package.
+@LP
+
+When a package is installed for the first time {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will install
+the file that comes with it, unless that would mean overwriting a file
+already on the filesystem.
+@LP
+
+However, note that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} replace a conffile that
+was removed by the user (or by a script). This is necessary because
+with some programs a missing file produces an effect hard or
+impossible to achieve in another way, so that a missing file needs to
+be kept that way if the user did it.
+@LP
+
+Note that a package should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} modify a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}"-handled"
+conffile in its maintainer scripts. Doing this will lead to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} giving the user confusing and possibly dangerous options
+for conffile update when the package is upgraded.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s9.2}
+9.2.|0.5fe{ "Fully-featured" maintainer script configuration handling}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+For files which contain "site-specific" information such as the hostname
+and networking details and so forth, it is better to create the file
+in the package's {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} script.
+@LP
+
+This will typically involve examining the state of the rest of the
+system to determine values and other information, and may involve
+prompting the user for some information which can't be obtained some
+other way.
+@LP
+
+When using this method there are a couple of important issues which
+should be considered:
+@LP
+
+If you discover a bug in the program which generates the configuration
+file, or if the format of the file changes from one version to the
+next, you will have to arrange for the postinst script to do something
+sensible "-" usually this will mean editing the installed configuration
+file to remove the problem or change the syntax. You will have to do
+this very carefully, since the user may have changed the file, perhaps
+to fix the very problem that your script is trying to deal with "-" you
+will have to detect these situations and deal with them correctly.
+@LP
+
+If you do go down this route it's probably a good idea to make the
+program that generates the configuration file(s) a separate program in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin"}}, by convention called {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}config}} and
+then run that if appropriate from the "post-installation" script. The
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}config}} program should not unquestioningly overwrite
+an existing configuration "-" if its mode of operation is geared towards
+setting up a package for the first time (rather than any arbitrary
+reconfiguration later) you should have it check whether the
+configuration already exists, and require a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"force"}} flag to
+overwrite it.
+
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-alternatives}
+10.|0.5fe{ Alternative versions of an interface "-"
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+When several packages all provide different versions of the same
+program or file it is useful to have the system select a default, but
+to allow the system administrator to change it and have their
+decisions respected.
+@LP
+
+For example, there are several versions of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {vi}} editor, and
+there is no reason to prevent all of them from being installed at
+once, each under their own name ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {nvi}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {vim}} or whatever).
+Nevertheless it is desirable to have the name {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {vi}} refer to
+something, at least by default.
+@LP
+
+If all the packages involved cooperate, this can be done with
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}}.
+@LP
+
+Each package provides its own version under its own name, and calls
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}} in its postinst to register its version
+(and again in its prerm to deregister it).
+@LP
+
+See the manpage {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives(8)"}} for
+details.
+@LP
+
+If {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}} does not seem appropriate you may wish
+to consider using diversions instead.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-diversions}
+11.|0.5fe{ Diversions "-" overriding a package's version of a file}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+It is possible to have {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} not overwrite a file when it
+reinstalls the package it belongs to, and to have it put the file from
+the package somewhere else instead.
+@LP
+
+This can be used locally to override a package's version of a file, or
+by one package to override another's version (or provide a wrapper for
+it).
+@LP
+
+Before deciding to use a diversion, read `Alternative versions of an interface "-"
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"alternatives"}}', page @PageOf{ch-alternatives} to
+see if you really want a diversion rather than several alternative
+versions of a program.
+@LP
+
+There is a diversion list, which is read by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}, and updated
+by a special program {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"divert"}}. Please see {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"divert(8)"}} for full details of its operation.
+@LP
+
+When a package wishes to divert a file from another, it should call
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"divert"}} in its preinst to add the diversion and rename the
+existing file. For example, supposing that a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {smailwrapper}}
+package wishes to install a wrapper around {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin/smail"}}:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+if [ install = "\"$1\"" ]; then
+ "dpkg"--"divert" ""--""--"package" smailwrapper ""--""--"add" ""--""--"rename" "\\"
+ ""--""--"divert" "/usr/sbin/smail.real" "/usr/sbin/smail"
+fi}}} //0.2fe
+
+Testing {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {$1}} is necessary so that the script doesn't try to add the
+diversion again when {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {smailwrapper}} is upgraded. The
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"package" smailwrapper}} ensures that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {smailwrapper}}'s copy of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/sbin/smail"}} can bypass the diversion and get installed as
+the true version.
+@LP
+
+The postrm has to do the reverse:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+if [ remove = "\"$1\"" ]; then
+ "dpkg"--"divert" ""--""--"package" smailwrapper ""--""--"remove" ""--""--"rename" "\\"
+ ""--""--"divert" "/usr/sbin/smail.real" "/usr/sbin/smail"
+fi}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+Do not attempt to divert a file which is vitally important for the
+system's operation "-" when using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"dpkg"--"divert"}} there is a time,
+after it has been diverted but before {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} has installed the
+new version, when the file does not exist.
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-sharedlibs}
+12.|0.5fe{ Shared libraries}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Packages containing shared libraries must be constructed with a little
+care to make sure that the shared library is always available. This
+is especially important for packages whose shared libraries are
+vitally important, such as the libc.
+@LP
+
+Firstly, your package should install the shared libraries under their
+normal names. For example, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libgdbm1}} package should install
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libgdbm.so.1.7.3}} as {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1.7.3"}}. The
+files should not be renamed or relinked by any prerm or postrm
+scripts; {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} will take care of renaming things safely without
+affecting running programs, and attempts to interfere with this are
+likely to lead to problems.
+@LP
+
+Secondly, your package should include the symlink that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ldconfig}}
+would create for the shared libraries. For example, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libgdbm1}}
+package should include a symlink from {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1"}}
+to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {libgdbm.so.1.7.3}}. This is needed so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ld.so}} can find
+the library in between the time {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} installs it and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ldconfig}} is run in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {postinst}} script. Futhermore, and {{Times Slope} @Font {this
+is very important}}, the symlink must be placed before the library it
+points to in the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} file. Currently the way to ensure the
+ordering is done properly is to create the symlink in the appropriate
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian/tmp/.../lib"}} directory before installing the library
+when you build the package.
+@LP
+
+If you do the above your package does not need to call {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ldconfig}}
+in its maintainer scripts. It is especially important not to call
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ldconfig}} in the postrm or preinst scripts in the case where the
+package is being upgraded (see the programmer's manual), as
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {ldconfig}} will see the temporary names that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} uses for the
+files while it is installing them and will make the shared library
+links point to them, just before {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} continues the installation
+and removes the links!
+
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-sysvinit}
+13.|0.5fe{ Configuration of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.1}
+13.1.|0.5fe{ Introduction to the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init.d}} scheme}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}} directory contains the scripts executed by
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init}} when init state (or `runlevel') is changed (see {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init(8)}}).
+@LP
+
+These scripts are be referenced by symbolic links in the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} directories. When changing runlevels, init
+looks in the directory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} for the scripts it
+should execute, where {{Times Slope} @Font {n}} is the runlevel that is being changed
+to.
+@LP
+
+The names of the links all have the form {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {mm}}}}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {script}}}}}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {mm}}}}{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {script}}}}}} where {{Times Slope} @Font {mm}} is a "two-digit" number and
+{{Times Slope} @Font {script}} is the name of the script (this should be the same as the
+name of the actual script in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}}.
+
+When {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init}} changes runlevel first the targets of the links whose
+names starting with a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K}} are executed, each with the single
+argument {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {stop}}, followed by the scripts prefixed with an {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S}},
+each with the single argument {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {start}}. The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K}} links are
+responsible for killing services and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S}} link for starting
+services upon entering the runlevel.
+@LP
+
+For example, if we are changing from runlevel 2 to runlevel 3, init
+will first execute all of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K}} prefixed scripts it finds in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc3.d"}}, and then all of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S}} prefixed scripts. The
+links starting with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K}} will cause the "referred-to" file to be
+executed with an argument of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {stop}}, and the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {S}} links with an
+argument of {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {start}}.
+@LP
+
+The "two-digit" number {{Times Slope} @Font {mm}} is used to decide which order to start
+and stop things in "-" "low-numbered" links have their scripts run first.
+For example, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K20}} scripts will be executed before the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {K30}}
+scripts. This is used when a certain service must be started before
+another. For example, the name server {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {bind}} might need to be
+started before the news server {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {inn}} so that {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {inn}} can set
+up its access lists. In this case, the script that starts {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {bind}}
+should have a lower number than the script that starts {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {inn}} so
+that it runs first:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"/etc/rc2.d/S17bind"
+"/etc/rc2.d/S70inn"}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.2}
+13.2.|0.5fe{ Writing {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init.d}} scripts}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+Packages can and should place scripts in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}} to start
+or stop services at boot time or during a change of runlevel. These
+scripts should be named {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}}}}, and they
+should accept one argument, saying what to do: {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {start}}, meaning to
+starts the service, or {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {stop}}, to stop the service. Optionally
+they can support {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {reload}} which causes the configuration to be
+reloaded.
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {init.d}} scripts should ensure that they will behave sensibly
+if invoked with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {start}} when the service is already running, or
+with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {stop}} when it isn't, and that they don't kill
+"unfortunately-named" user processes. The best way to achieve this is
+usually to use {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"start"--"stop"--"daemon"}}.
+@LP
+
+These scripts should not fail obscurely when the configuration files
+remain but the package has been removed, as the default in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}
+is to leave configuration files on the system after the package has
+been removed. Only when it is executed with the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"purge"}} option
+will dpkg remove configuration files. Therefore, you should include a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {test}} statement at the top of the script, like this:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+test ""--"f" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {"program"--"executed"--"later"--"in"--"script"}}}} "||" exit 0}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.3}
+13.3.|0.5fe{ Managing the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} links "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+A program is provided, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}, to make it easier for
+package maintainers to arrange for the proper creation and removal of
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} symbolic links from their postinst and postrm
+scripts.
+@LP
+
+You should use this script to make changes to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}}
+and {{Times Slope} @Font {never}} include any {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} symbolic links in
+the actual archive.
+@LP
+
+By default {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}} will start services in each of the
+"multi-user" state runlevels (2, 3, 4, and 5) and stop them in the halt
+runlevel (0), the "single-user" runlevel (1) and the reboot runlevel
+(6). The system administrator will have the opportunity to customize
+runlevels by simply adding, moving, or removing the symbolic links in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}}.
+@LP
+
+To get the default behaviour for your package, put in your postinst
+script
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"update"--"rc.d" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}} default >"/dev/null"}}} //0.2fe
+
+and in your postrm
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+if [ purge = "\"$1\"" ]; then
+ "update"--"rc.d" {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {package}}}} remove >"/dev/null"
+fi}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+This will use a default sequence number of 20. If it does not matter
+when or in which order the script is run, use this default. If it
+does, then you should talk to the maintainer of the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {sysvinit}}
+package or post to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"debian"--"devel"}}, and they will help you choose
+a number.
+@LP
+
+For more information about using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}, please consult its
+manpage {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d(8)"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.4}
+13.4.|0.5fe{ "Boot-time" initialisation "-" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc.boot}}}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+There is another directory, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc.boot"}}, which contains
+scripts which are run once per machine boot. This facility is
+provided for initialisation of hardware devices, cleaning up of
+leftover files, and so forth.
+@LP
+
+For example, the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {kbd}} package provides a script here for
+initialising the keyboard layout and console font and mode.
+@LP
+
+The files in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc.boot"}} should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} be links into
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}} "-" they should be the scripts themselves.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc.boot}} should {{Times Slope} @Font {not}} be used for starting "general-purpose"
+daemons and similar activities. This should be done using the
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}.d}} scheme, above, so that the services can be started
+and stopped cleanly when the runlevel changes or the machine is to be
+shut down or rebooted.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.5}
+13.5.|0.5fe{ Notes}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Do not}} include the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}".d/*"}} symbolic links in
+the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} filesystem archive! {{Times Slope} @Font {This will cause problems!}}
+You should create them with {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}, as above.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Do not}} include the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/rc"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {n}}}}".d/*"}} symbolic links in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}}'s conffiles list! {{Times Slope} @Font {This will cause problems!}}
+{{Times Slope} @Font {Do}}, however, include the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}} scripts in conffiles.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s13.6}
+13.6.|0.5fe{ Example}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {bind}} DNS (nameserver) package wants to make sure that the
+nameserver is running in multiuser runlevels, and is properly shut
+down with the system. It puts a script in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}}, naming
+the script appropriately {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {bind}}. As you can see, the script
+interprets the argument {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {reload}} to send the nameserver a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {HUP}}
+signal (causing it to reload its configuration); this way the user can
+say {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d/bind" reload}} to reload the nameserver.
+@LP
+
+
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"#!/bin/sh"
+"#" Original version by Robert Leslie <"rob@mars.org">, edited by iwj
+test ""--"x" "/usr/sbin/named" "||" exit 0
+case "\"$1\"" in
+ start)
+ test ""--"f" "/etc/named.boot" ""--"a" ""--"f" "/var/named/boot.options" "||" exit 0
+ "start"--"stop"--"daemon" ""--""--"start" ""--""--"verbose" ""--""--"exec" "/usr/sbin/named"
+ ;;
+ stop)
+ "start"--"stop"--"daemon" ""--""--"stop" ""--""--"verbose" "\\"
+ ""--""--"pidfile" "/var/run/named.pid" ""--""--"exec" "/usr/sbin/named"
+ ;;
+ reload)
+ "start"--"stop"--"daemon" ""--""--"stop" ""--""--"signal" 1 ""--""--"verbose" "\\"
+ ""--""--"pidfile" "/var/run/named.pid" ""--""--"exec" "/usr/sbin/named"
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "\"Usage:" "/etc/init.d/bind" "{start|stop|reload}\"" ">&2"
+ exit 1
+ ;;
+esac
+exit 0}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+Another example on which to base your {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d"}} scripts is in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/etc/init.d/skeleton"}}.
+@LP
+
+If this package is happy with the default setup from
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"update"--"rc.d"}}, namely an ordering number of 20 and having named
+running in all runlevels, it can say in its postinst:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+"update"--"rc.d" bind default ">/dev/null"}}} //0.2fe
+
+And in its postrm, to remove the links when the package is purged:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+if [ purge = "\"$1\"" ]; then
+ "update"--"rc.d" acct remove ">/dev/null"
+fi}}} //0.2fe
+
+
+
+
+@LP
+@NP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.2 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +5p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark ch-methif}
+14.|0.5fe{ {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s interface to its installation methods}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} calls scripts from its installation methods when it
+needs to actually access data from the distribution. The core program
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} itself just calls these scripts and provides the
+package and access method selection interfaces. The installation
+methods are responsible for invoking {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} as appropriate.
+@LP
+
+Each installation method has three scripts:
+//1.0vx
+{@RawBulletList
+ gap { 1.0vx }
+@ListItem {
+Setup installation parameters.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Update list of available packages.
+}
+@ListItem {
+Install.
+}
+@RawEndList}//0ve
+
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} searches for methods in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib/dpkg/methods"}}
+and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods"}}.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s14.1}
+14.1.|0.5fe{ Functions of the method scripts}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+The setup script is run just after the user has chosen an installation
+method. It should prompt the user for parameters like the site to
+"NFS-mount" or FTP from, the directory to use, or the directory or
+filesystem where the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files can be found, or the tape or
+floppy device to install from. It should store the responses under
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/lib/dpkg/methods"}} "-" see below. If no available
+packages list is available it should perhaps offer to scan the
+available packages.
+@LP
+
+The update script should obtain a list of available packages if
+possible, and run {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"update"--"avail"}}, {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"merge"--"avail"}}
+"and/or" {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"forget"--"old"--"unavail"}} to load it into {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s database of available packages. If no packages list
+was available and the user was offered and accepted the option of
+scanning the actual files available this scan should be done here,
+using {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"record"--"avail"}}.
+@LP
+
+The install script should feed all the available {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {.deb}} files to
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"iGOEB"}} (this is equivalent to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg ""--""--"install"
+""--""--"refuse"--"downgrade" ""--""--"selected"--"only" ""--""--"skip"--"same"--"version"
+""--""--"auto"--"deconfigure"}}). The {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--"R"}} ({{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"recursive"}}) option for
+traversing subdirectories may also be useful here).
+@LP
+
+If any of these scripts needs to display a message for the user, it
+should wait for the user to hit `return' before exiting so that
+dselect doesn't immediately rewrite the screen.
+@LP
+
+If a method script succeeds (returns a zero exit status)
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will return immediately to the main menu, with the
+`next' option highlighted ready for the user to select it. If it
+fails {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} will display a message and wait for the user to
+hit return.
+
+@LP
+@CNP
+{
+ newpath 0 ysize 0.3 ft sub moveto
+ xsize 0 rlineto
+ 0 0.1 ft rlineto
+ xsize neg 0 rlineto
+ closepath fill
+} @Graphic { //1.6f @HAdjust { @HContract {@Heading +4p @Font { 1.2vx @Break { {@PageMark s14.2}
+14.2.|0.5fe{ Location and arguments of the method scripts}}}} |0f }} //0.0fe
+
+
+@LP
+
+A set of scripts (henceforth known as a group) may provide several
+methods on the `main menu' with different behaviour. For example,
+there might be a generic "get-packages-by-FTP" group which might provide
+methods in the main menu for installation directly from one of the
+Debian mirror sites as well as for installation from a "user-specified"
+site.
+@LP
+
+Each group of methods implemented by the same set of scripts should
+have a subdirectory {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/lib/dpkg/methods/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {group}}}}}} or
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {group}}}}}}, containing:
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {names}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+a list of "user-visible" methods provided by these scripts.
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {setup}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {update}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {install}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+executable programs, the scripts themselves.
+}}
+//1.0vx
+{|0.5f {{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {desc.{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {option}}}}}}}}
+//1.0vx
+{|2f {
+description file.
+}}
+//0.2fe
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {names}} will be formatted as a list of lines, each containing:
+
+//1.0vx
+{@RawIndentedDisplay lines @Break { {0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {
+{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {sequence}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {method}}}} {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {summary}}}}}}} //0.2fe
+
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {sequence}} is a "two-digit" number that will be used much like
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {rc.d}} prefixes to control the order in the main menu. If in doubt
+use 50.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {method}} is a name which is displayed by {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} as the
+name of the method, and which will be passed to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {setup}},
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {update}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {unpack}} as their first argument.
+@LP
+
+{{Times Slope} @Font {summary}} is the brief description string for {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s menu.
+@LP
+
+Each of the three scripts gets the same three arguments: {{Times Slope} @Font {vardir}},
+{{Times Slope} @Font {group}} and {{Times Slope} @Font {method}}. {{Times Slope} @Font {vardir}} is the base directory for
+storing {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dpkg}} and {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}}'s state, usually
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {"/var/lib/dpkg"}}; this is passed in so that the {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {""--""--"admindir"}}
+option to {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {dselect}} is honoured).
+@LP
+
+Each option may have an extended description in
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {desc.{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {option}}}}}}. This should be formatted like the extended
+description part of a {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {Description}} field entry {{Times Slope} @Font {shifted one
+character to the left}}.
+@LP
+
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {vardir}}}}"/methods"}} will exist, and a method group may use a
+{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {Courier Bold} @Font {{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {vardir}}}}"/methods/"{{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{{Times Slope} @Font {group}}}}}} directory to store its state.
+@LP
+
+The group name and method name must follow the rules for C identifiers.
+
+@End @Text
--- /dev/null
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+{@LVis @TheoremCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginDefinitionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @DefinitionCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginClaimCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ClaimCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginPropositionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @PropositionCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginLemmaCounter {}}
+{@LVis @LemmaCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
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+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
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+{@LVis @CorollaryCounterMarker
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginExampleCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ExampleCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3609.programmer.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{Yes @LVis @BeginDisplayCounter {}}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{Yes @LVis @BeginDisplayCounter {}}
+{?? @LVis @Then ??}
+{@LVis y}
+@LClos
+{@LVis @NumDispCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "1400.programmer.lout.1" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FigurePrefixMarker
+ @Tag { "4153.programmer.lout.1" }
+ prefix { }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FigureCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "4161.programmer.lout.1" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
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+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @TablePrefixMarker
+ @Tag { "4334.programmer.lout.1" }
+ prefix { }}
+@LClos
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+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @TableCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "4342.programmer.lout.1" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
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+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
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+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginClaimCounter {}}
+{@LVis @ClaimCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3391.programmer.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
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+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @BeginPropositionCounter {}}
+{@LVis @PropositionCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "3445.programmer.lout.2" }
+ val { @LVis prefix @DotJoin 0 }}
+@LClos
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+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.50" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font postinst {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font configure} {Times Slope} @Font "most-recently-configured-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.51" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.51" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "old-postinst" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"upgrade"}} {Times Slope} @Font {new version}}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.52" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.52" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "conflictor's-postinst" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"remove"}}
+ {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"in"{--}"favour"}} {Times Slope} @Font package {Times Slope} @Font "new-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.53" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.53" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "deconfigured's-postinst" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"deconfigure"}}
+ {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"in"{--}"favour"}} {Times Slope} @Font "failed-install-package" {Times Slope} @Font version
+ {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font removing} {Times Slope} @Font "conflicting-package" {Times Slope} @Font version}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.54" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.54" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font prerm {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font remove}}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.55" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.55" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "old-prerm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font upgrade} {Times Slope} @Font "new-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.56" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.56" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "new-prerm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"failed"{--}"upgrade"}} {Times Slope} @Font "old-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.57" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.57" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "conflictor's-prerm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font remove} {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"in"{--}"favour"}}
+ {Times Slope} @Font package {Times Slope} @Font "new-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+27}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+28}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.programmer.lout.28" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.43" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.58" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.58" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "deconfigured's-prerm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font deconfigure}
+ {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"in"{--}"favour"}} {Times Slope} @Font "package-being-installed" {Times Slope} @Font version
+ {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font removing} {Times Slope} @Font "conflicting-package" {Times Slope} @Font version}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.59" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.59" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font postrm {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font remove}}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.60" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.60" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font postrm {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font purge}}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.61" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.61" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "old-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font upgrade} {Times Slope} @Font "new-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.62" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.62" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "new-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"failed"{--}"upgrade"}} {Times Slope} @Font "old-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.63" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.63" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "new-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.64" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.64" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "new-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"install"}} {Times Slope} @Font "old-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.65" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.65" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "new-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {"abort"{--}"upgrade"}} {Times Slope} @Font "old-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }
+ gap { 1.0vx }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 8}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.66" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.66" }
+{{Times Slope} @Font "disappearer's-postrm" {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font disappear} {Times Slope} @Font overwriter {Times Slope} @Font "new-version"}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.69" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.67" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.67" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If a version the package is already
+installed, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"prerm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this gives an error (ie, a "non-zero" exit status), dpkg will
+attempt instead:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"prerm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both the above cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.68" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.67" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If a version the package is already
+installed, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"prerm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this gives an error (ie, a "non-zero" exit status), dpkg will
+attempt instead:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"prerm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both the above cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.68" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.67" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If a version the package is already
+installed, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"prerm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this gives an error (ie, a "non-zero" exit status), dpkg will
+attempt instead:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"prerm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both the above cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.70" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.67" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If a version the package is already
+installed, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"prerm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this gives an error (ie, a "non-zero" exit status), dpkg will
+attempt instead:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"prerm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both the above cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.69" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.71" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.70" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.70" }
+{If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If any packages depended on that conflicting package and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"auto"{--}"deconfigure"}} is specified, call, for each such package:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"prerm"}} deconfigure "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"deconfigure" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"{--}"but"{--}"failed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} The deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so
+that if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"install"}} is used they will be configured again if
+possible.}
+// @LVis listitem {To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"prerm"}} remove "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"remove" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.72" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.70" }
+{If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If any packages depended on that conflicting package and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"auto"{--}"deconfigure"}} is specified, call, for each such package:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"prerm"}} deconfigure "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"deconfigure" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"{--}"but"{--}"failed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} The deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so
+that if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"install"}} is used they will be configured again if
+possible.}
+// @LVis listitem {To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"prerm"}} remove "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"remove" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.71" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.70" }
+{If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If any packages depended on that conflicting package and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"auto"{--}"deconfigure"}} is specified, call, for each such package:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"prerm"}} deconfigure "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"deconfigure" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"{--}"but"{--}"failed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} The deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so
+that if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"install"}} is used they will be configured again if
+possible.}
+// @LVis listitem {To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"prerm"}} remove "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"remove" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.73" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.70" }
+{If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If any packages depended on that conflicting package and
+{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"auto"{--}"deconfigure"}} is specified, call, for each such package:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"prerm"}} deconfigure "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"deconfigured's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"deconfigure" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"package"{--}"being"{--}"installed"{--}"but"{--}"failed"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version} "\\"
+ removing {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflicting"{--}"package"}} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font version}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} The deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so
+that if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"install"}} is used they will be configured again if
+possible.}
+// @LVis listitem {To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"prerm"}} remove "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"conflictor's"{--}"postinst"}} "abort"{--}"remove" "\\"
+ "in"{--}"favour" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font package} {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.72" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.76" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.75" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.74" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.77" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.75" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.78" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.73" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous
+version installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"preinst"}} install}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind versions, respectively:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}
+{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "abort"{--}"install"}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.76" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+29}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.programmer.lout.29" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.44" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.79" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.77" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.77" }
+{The new package's files are unpacked, overwriting any that may be on
+the system already, for example any from the old version of the same
+package or from another package (backups of the old files are left
+around, and if anything goes wrong dpkg will attempt to put them back
+as part of the error unwind).
+//{@ParaGap} It is an error for a package to contains files which are on the system
+in another package, unless {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Replaces} is used (see
+`{{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font Replaces}} "-" overwriting files and replacing packages', page {@PageOf {s-replaces}}{).} Currently the {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {""{--}""{--}"force"{--}"overwrite"}} flag is
+enabled, downgrading it to a warning, but this may not always be the
+case.
+//{@ParaGap} Packages which overwrite each other's files produce behaviour which
+though deterministic is hard for the system administrator to
+understand. It can easily lead to `missing' programs if, for example,
+a package is installed which overwrites a file from another package,
+and is then removed {again.}{@FootNote {Part of the problem is due to what
+is arguably a bug in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg}}.}}}}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@FootNote
+ @Tag { "2521.programmer.lout.16" }
+{Part of the problem is due to what
+is arguably a bug in {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg}}.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.82" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.78" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.78" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postrm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this fails, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} will attempt:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"preinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve}
+//{@ParaGap} This is the point of no return "-" if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} gets this far, it won't
+back off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the
+package in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful
+reinstallation to clear up, but it's when {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} starts doing
+things that are irreversible.}}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.81" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.78" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postrm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this fails, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} will attempt:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"preinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve}
+//{@ParaGap} This is the point of no return "-" if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} gets this far, it won't
+back off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the
+package in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful
+reinstallation to clear up, but it's when {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} starts doing
+things that are irreversible.}}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.79" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.78" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postrm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this fails, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} will attempt:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"preinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve}
+//{@ParaGap} This is the point of no return "-" if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} gets this far, it won't
+back off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the
+package in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful
+reinstallation to clear up, but it's when {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} starts doing
+things that are irreversible.}}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.83" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.78" }
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {If the package is being upgraded, call
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"postrm"}} upgrade {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {If this fails, {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} will attempt:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"postrm"}} "failed"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} Error unwind, for both cases:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"old"{--}"preinst"}} "abort"{--}"upgrade" {1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"new"{--}"version"}}}}}}
+//{0.2fe} }
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve}
+//{@ParaGap} This is the point of no return "-" if {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} gets this far, it won't
+back off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the
+package in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful
+reinstallation to clear up, but it's when {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} starts doing
+things that are irreversible.}}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.80" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.84" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.81" }
+{Any files which were in the old version of the package but not in the
+new are removed.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.85" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.82" }
+{The new file list replaces the old.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 8}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.86" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.83" }
+{The new maintainer scripts replace the old.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 9}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.87" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
+//{1.0vx}
+|{@DisplayIndent} @LVis @DispPlace
+| @LVis @Disp {lines @Break {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font {{1.4285714285 1.0} @Scale {{Times Slope} @Font {"disappearer's"{--}"postrm"}} disappear "\\"
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
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+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.88" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
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+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.85" }
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+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
+not installed (any conffiles it may have are ignored, rather than
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.89" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.86" }
+{The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.90" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.84" }
+{Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the
+installation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered
+to have been removed. For each such package,
+//{@ParaGap} @RawList
+ style { {@Roman&&{num}}. }
+// @LVis listitem {{0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} calls:
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+//{0.2fe} }
+// @LVis listitem {The package's maintainer scripts are removed.}
+// @LVis listitem {It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}
+// & @LVis endlist
+//
+//{0ve} }}
+{@LVis x}
+@LClos
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.87" }
+{It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely
+not installed (any conffiles it may have are ignored, rather than
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+have their prerm called, because {0.7 1.0} @Scale {{Courier Bold} @Font dpkg} doesn't know in advance
+that the package is going to vanish.}}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.programmer.lout.16"}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.45" }
+ count { @LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag }}
+@LClos
+}
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+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterIncrement "2521.programmer.lout.16"}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "2521.programmer.lout.16" }
+ @Value { @LVis @FootNoteNumbers @LVis @Num {@LVis @FootNoteNum @LVis tag} }}
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+}
+
+{@LEnv
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+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+29}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
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+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.programmer.lout.30" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.46" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 10}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.91" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.88" }
+{Any files in the package we're unpacking that are also listed in the
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+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 11}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.92" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.89" }
+{The backup files made during installation, above, are deleted.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 12}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.93" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.90" }
+{The new package's status is now sane, and recorded as `unpacked'. Here
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+fails we do not unwind the rest of the installation; the conflicting
+package is left in a "half-removed" limbo.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 13}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.94" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.91" }
+{If there was a conflicting package we go and do the removal actions
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+package's files (any that are also in the package being installed
+have already been removed from the conflicting package's file list,
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+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.96" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.92" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.97" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.93" }
+{The package's files are removed (except conffiles).}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.99" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.94" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.100" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.95" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 5}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.101" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.96" }
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+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+31}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.programmer.lout.31" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.47" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 6}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.103" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.97" }
+???}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { {num}. }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 7}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.104" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.98" }
+{The package's file list is removed.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @RunningPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+31}
+{@LVis @RunningEvenPageList
+ @ColumnNumber { 1 }
+ @PageHeaders { Titles }
+32}
+{@PageMarker
+ @Tag { "582.programmer.lout.32" }
+ num { @LVis @PageNumbers @LVis @Num @LVis @PageNum }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LVis @FootNoteCounterMarker
+ @Tag { "2495.programmer.lout.48" }
+ count { 0 }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 1}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.105" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.99" }
+{Those starting with a single space are part of a paragraph.
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+The leading space will usually be stripped off.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 2}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.106" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.100" }
+{Those starting with two or more spaces. These will be displayed
+verbatim. If the display cannot be panned horizontally the
+displaying program will linewrap them `hard' (ie, without taking
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+off to the right. None, one or two initial spaces may be deleted,
+but the number of spaces deleted from each line will be the same
+(so that you can have indenting work correctly, for example).}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 3}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.107" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@LVis listitem
+ @Tag { "1655.programmer.lout.101" }
+{Those containing a single space followed by a single full stop
+character. These are rendered as blank lines. This is the {Times Slope} @Font only
+way to get a blank line "-" see below.}}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
+{@RawList
+ style { @Bullet }}
+{@LVis @MakeList 4}
+{@LVis @NumberMarker
+ @Tag { "1306.programmer.lout.108" }
+ @Value { @LVis style @LVis num }}
+@LClos
+}
+
+{@LEnv
+{@LUse @DocumentLayout}
+{@LUse @OrdinaryLayout}
+{@Text { @LInput }}
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+47 44 46 50 59 35 32 42 54 42 43 42 22 35 20 41 41 46 41 42
+35 33 35 15 25 23 44 44 28 50 24}}
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+
--- /dev/null
+%!PS-Adobe-3.0
+%%Creator: Basser Lout Version 3.08 (May 1996)
+%%CreationDate: Fri Aug 23 05:00:29 1996
+%%DocumentData: Binary
+%%DocumentNeededResources: (atend)
+%%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend)
+%%Pages: 26 0
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842
+%%EndComments
+%%BeginProcSet: PStoPS 1 13
+userdict begin
+[/showpage/erasepage/copypage]{dup where{pop dup load
+ type/operatortype eq{1 array cvx dup 0 3 index cvx put
+ bind def}{pop}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall
+[/letter/legal/executivepage/a4/a4small/b5/com10envelope
+ /monarchenvelope/c5envelope/dlenvelope/lettersmall/note
+ /folio/quarto/a5]{dup where{dup wcheck{exch{}put}
+ {pop{}def}ifelse}{pop}ifelse}forall
+/PStoPSmatrix matrix currentmatrix def
+/PStoPSxform matrix def/PStoPSclip{clippath}def
+/defaultmatrix{PStoPSmatrix exch PStoPSxform exch concatmatrix}bind def
+/initmatrix{matrix defaultmatrix setmatrix}bind def
+/initclip[{matrix currentmatrix PStoPSmatrix setmatrix
+ [{currentpoint}stopped{$error/newerror false put{newpath}}
+ {/newpath cvx 3 1 roll/moveto cvx 4 array astore cvx}ifelse]
+ {[/newpath cvx{/moveto cvx}{/lineto cvx}
+ {/curveto cvx}{/closepath cvx}pathforall]cvx exch pop}
+ stopped{$error/errorname get/invalidaccess eq{cleartomark
+ $error/newerror false put cvx exec}{stop}ifelse}if}bind aload pop
+ /initclip dup load dup type dup/operatortype eq{pop exch pop}
+ {dup/arraytype eq exch/packedarraytype eq or
+ {dup xcheck{exch pop aload pop}{pop cvx}ifelse}
+ {pop cvx}ifelse}ifelse
+ {newpath PStoPSclip clip newpath exec setmatrix} bind aload pop]cvx def
+/initgraphics{initmatrix newpath initclip 1 setlinewidth
+ 0 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin []0 setdash 0 setgray
+ 10 setmiterlimit}bind def
+end
+%%EndProcSet
+
+%%BeginProlog
+%%BeginResource: procset LoutStartUp
+/m { 3 1 roll moveto show } bind def
+/s { exch currentpoint exch pop moveto show } bind def
+/k { exch neg 0 rmoveto show } bind def
+/ul { gsave setlinewidth dup 3 1 roll
+ moveto lineto stroke grestore } bind def
+/in { 1440 mul } def
+/cm { 567 mul } def
+/pt { 20 mul } def
+/em { 120 mul } def
+/sp { louts mul } def
+/vs { loutv mul } def
+/ft { loutf mul } def
+/dg { } def
+
+/LoutGraphic {
+ /louts exch def
+ /loutv exch def
+ /loutf exch def
+ /ymark exch def
+ /xmark exch def
+ /ysize exch def
+ /xsize exch def
+} def
+
+/LoutFont
+{ findfont exch scalefont setfont
+} bind def
+
+/LoutRecode {
+ { findfont dup length dict begin
+ {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall
+ /Encoding exch def
+ currentdict end definefont pop
+ }
+ stopped pop
+} bind def
+
+/BeginEPSF {
+ /LoutEPSFState save def
+ /dict_count countdictstack def
+ /op_count count 1 sub def
+ userdict begin
+ /showpage { } def
+ 0 setgray 0 setlinecap
+ 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin
+ 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash newpath
+ /languagelevel where
+ { pop languagelevel
+ 1 ne
+ { false setstrokeadjust false setoverprint
+ } if
+ } if
+} bind def
+
+/EndEPSF {
+ count op_count sub { pop } repeat
+ countdictstack dict_count sub { end } repeat
+ LoutEPSFState restore
+} bind def
+%%EndResource
+
+%%BeginResource encoding vec2
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+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
+/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
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+/parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+/zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
+/eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
+/at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G
+/H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
+/P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
+/X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
+/quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g
+/h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
+/p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
+/x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
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+/dotlessi /grave /acute /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent
+/dieresis /.notdef /ring /cedilla /.notdef /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
+/space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
+/dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
+/degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
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+/oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
+] def
+%%EndResource
+
+%%BeginResource: procset LoutMarginNotes
+% @PrependGraphic file /usr/lib/lout/include/dl.lpg
+
+% path for @Box symbol
+/LoutBox
+{ 0 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
+ xsize ysize lineto 0 ysize lineto
+ closepath
+} def
+
+% path for @CurveBox symbol
+/LoutCurveBox
+{ xmark 0 moveto
+ xsize xmark sub xmark xmark 270 360 arc
+ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark sub xmark 0 90 arc
+ xmark ysize xmark sub xmark 90 180 arc
+ xmark xmark xmark 180 270 arc
+ closepath
+} def
+
+% path for @ShadowBox symbol
+/LoutShadowBox
+{ xmark 2 mul 0 moveto xsize 0 lineto
+ xsize ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
+ xsize xmark sub ysize xmark 2 mul sub lineto
+ xsize xmark sub xmark lineto
+ xmark 2 mul xmark lineto
+ closepath
+} def
+
+% set up dictionary containing margin note data: parity LoutMargSet -
+/LoutMargSet
+{ /LoutMargDict 12 dict def
+ LoutMargDict begin
+ /parity exch def
+ /matr matrix currentmatrix def
+ /rightx xsize def
+ /lefty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next left note
+ /righty ysize def % highest allowable point for top of next right note
+ /max { 2 copy gt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
+ /min { 2 copy lt { pop } { exch pop } ifelse } def
+ end
+} def
+
+%translate coordinate system for marginal notes: type LoutMargShift -
+% where type 0 is left margin, 1 is right margin, 2 is outer, 3 is inner
+/LoutMargShift
+{ LoutMargDict begin
+
+ % y coordinate of top of note, in margin coords, before vertical adjust
+ 0 ysize transform matr itransform exch pop
+
+ % decide whether left or right margin based on type and parity
+ exch [ 0 1 parity 1 parity sub ] exch get 0 eq
+ {
+ % left margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
+ lefty min
+
+ % bottom of note is new lefty position and also translate position
+ ysize sub dup /lefty exch def
+
+ % want right edge of note at coordinate zero
+ xsize neg exch
+ }
+ {
+ % right margin: adjust top of note downwards if overlaps previous note
+ righty min
+
+ % bottom of note is new righty position and also translate position
+ ysize sub dup /righty exch def
+
+ % want left edge of note at coordinate rightx
+ rightx exch
+ } ifelse
+
+ % stack now contains coord of bottom left corner in margin coordinates
+ matr setmatrix translate
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+%%+ font Times-Roman
+%%+ font Times-Italic
+%%+ font Times-Bold
+%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset LoutStartUp
+%%+ procset LoutMarginNotes
+%%+ encoding vec2
+%%Pages: 50
+%%EOF
--- /dev/null
+L13 programmer.sgml
+(DEBIANDOC
+(BOOK
+L15
+(TITLEPAG
+(TITLE
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual
+L16
+)TITLE
+(AUTHOR
+(NAME
+-Ian Jackson
+)NAME
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+L17
+)AUTHOR
+(VERSION
+-version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7),
+(DATE
+)DATE
+-\n
+L19
+)VERSION
+(ABSTRACT
+L20
+-This manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary\nand source packages. It also documents the interface between\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- and its access method scripts. It does not deal with\nthe Debian Project policy requirements, and it assumes familiarity\nwith
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s functions from the system administrator's\nperspective.\n
+L27
+)ABSTRACT
+(COPYRIGHT
+(COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+-Copyright \|©\|1996 Ian Jackson.
+L28
+)COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+(P
+L29
+-\nThis manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it\nunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\nFree Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any\nlater version.
+L34
+)P
+(P
+L35
+-\nThis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n
+(EM
+-without any warranty
+)EM
+-; without even the implied warranty of\nmerchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU\nGeneral Public License for more details.
+L40
+)P
+(P
+L41
+-\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with\nyour Debian GNU/Linux system, in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/GPL
+)TT
+-, or\nwith the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- source package as the file
+(TT
+-COPYING
+)TT
+-. If\nnot, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,\nCambridge, MA 02139, USA.\n
+L48
+)P
+)COPYRIGHT
+)TITLEPAG
+ADETAIL TOKEN SECT
+(TOC
+)TOC
+AID CDATA scope
+L67
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L68
+)HEADING
+(P
+L69
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is a suite of programs for creating binary package files\nand installing and removing them on Unix systems.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nis targetted primarily at Debian GNU/Linux, but may work on or be\nported to other systems.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L74
+)P
+(P
+L75
+-\nThe binary packages are designed for the management of installed\nexecutable programs (usually compiled binaries) and their associated\ndata, though source code examples and documentation are provided as\npart of some packages.
+L80
+)P
+(P
+L81
+-\nThis manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary\npackages (
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files). It documents the behaviour of the\npackage management programs
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- et al. and and the\nway they interact with packages.
+L86
+)P
+(P
+L87
+-\nIt also documents the interaction between
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s core and the\naccess method scripts it uses to actually install the selected\npackages, and describes how to create a new access method.
+L91
+)P
+(P
+L92
+-\nThis manual does not go into detail about the options and usage of the\npackage building and installation tools. It should therefore be read\nin conjuction with those programs' manpages.
+L96
+)P
+(P
+L97
+-\nThe utility programs which are provided with
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- for managing\nvarious system configuration and similar issues, such as\n
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+-, are not described in\ndetail here - please see their manpages.
+L102
+)P
+(P
+L103
+-\nIt does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- describe the policy requirements imposed on Debian\npackages, such as the permissions on files and directories,\ndocumentation requirements, upload procedure, and so on. You should\nsee the Debian packaging policy manual for these details. (Many of\nthem will probably turn out to be helpful even if you don't plan to\nupload your package and make it available as part of the\ndistribution.)
+L111
+)P
+(P
+L112
+-\nIt is assumed that the reader is reasonably familiar with the\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- System Administrators' manual. Unfortunately this manual\ndoes not yet exist.
+L116
+)P
+(P
+L117
+-\nThe Debian version of the FSF's GNU hello program is provided as an\nexample for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+L120
+)P
+(P
+L121
+-\n
+(EM
+-Note that this document is still a draft!
+)EM
+-\n
+L124
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Binary packages
+L125
+)HEADING
+(P
+L126
+-\nThe binary package has two main sections. The first part consists of\nvarious control information files and scripts used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when\ninstalling and removing. See
+AID CDATA controlarea
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L130
+)P
+(P
+L131
+-\nThe second part is an archive (currently a
+(PRGN
+-tar
+)PRGN
+- archive)\ncontaining files and directories to be installed.
+L134
+)P
+(P
+L135
+-\nIn the future binary packages may also contain other components, such\nas checksums and digital signatures.\n\n
+L140
+)P
+AID CDATA bincreating
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Creating package files -
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+L141
+)HEADING
+(P
+L142
+-\nAll manipulation of binary package files is done by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+-;\nit's the only program that has knowledge of the format.\n(
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- may be invoked by calling
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will\nspot that the options requested are appropriate to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- and\ninvoke that instead with the same arguments.)
+L148
+)P
+(P
+L149
+-\nIn order to create a binary package you must make a directory tree\nwhich contains all the files and directories you want to have in the\nfilesystem data part of the package. In Debian-format source packages\nthis directory is usually
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+-, relative to the top of\nthe package's source tree.
+L155
+)P
+(P
+L156
+-\nThey should have the locations (relative to the root of the directory\ntree you're constructing) ownerships and permissions which you want\nthem to have on the system when they are installed.
+L160
+)P
+(P
+L161
+-\nWith current versions of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- the uid/username and gid/groupname\nmappings for the users and groups being used should be the same on the\nsystem where the package is built and the one where it is installed.
+L165
+)P
+(P
+L166
+-\nYou need to add one special directory to the root of the miniature\nfilesystem tree you're creating:
+(PRGN
+-DEBIAN
+)PRGN
+-. It should contain the\ncontrol information files, notably the binary package control file\n(see
+AID CDATA controlfile
+(REF
+)REF
+-).
+L171
+)P
+(P
+L172
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-DEBIAN
+)PRGN
+- directory will not appear in the filesystem archive of\nthe package, and so won't be installed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when the package\nis installed.
+L176
+)P
+(P
+L177
+-\nWhen you've prepared the package, you should invoke:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L180
+-dpkg --build
+(VAR
+-directory
+)VAR
+L181
+)EXAMPLE
+L182
+)P
+(P
+L183
+-\nThis will build the package in
+(TT
+(VAR
+-directory
+)VAR
+-.deb
+)TT
+-.\n(
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- knows that
+(TT
+---build
+)TT
+- is a
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- option, so it\ninvokes
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- with the same arguments to build the package.)
+L187
+)P
+(P
+L188
+-\nSee the manpage
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-deb
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for details of how\nto examine the contents of this newly-created file. You may find the\noutput of following commands enlightening:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L193
+-dpkg-deb --info
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.deb\ndpkg-deb --contents
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.deb
+L195
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L197
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA controlarea
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Package control information files
+L198
+)HEADING
+(P
+L199
+-\nThe control information portion of a binary package is a collection of\nfiles with names known to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. It will treat the contents of\nthese files specially - some of them contain information used by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when installing or removing the package; others are scripts\nwhich the package maintainer wants
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to run.
+L205
+)P
+(P
+L206
+-\nIt is possible to put other files in the package control area, but\nthis is not generally a good idea (though they will largely be\nignored).
+L210
+)P
+(P
+L211
+-\nHere is a brief list of the control info files supported by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nand a summary of what they're used for.
+L214
+)P
+(P
+L215
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L217
+(TAG
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L218
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L220
+(P
+-This is the key description file used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. It specifies the\npackage's name and version, gives its description for the user, states\nits relationships with other packages, and so forth.\nSee
+AID CDATA controlfile
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L224
+)P
+(P
+L225
+-\nIt is usually generated automatically from information in the source\npackage by the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- program, and with assistance\nfrom
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+-. See
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n
+L230
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-postinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-preinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-postrm
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-prerm
+)TT
+L231
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L233
+(P
+-These are exectuable files (usually scripts) which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- runs\nduring installation, upgrade and removal of packages. They allow the\npackage to deal with matters which are particular to that package or\nrequire more complicated processing than that provided by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.\nDetails of when and how they are called are in\n
+AID CDATA maintainerscripts
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L239
+)P
+(P
+L240
+-\nIt is very important to make these scripts itempotent.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-That\nmeans that if it runs successfully or fails and then you call it again\nit doesn't bomb out, but just ensures that everything is the way it\nought to be.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- This is so that if an error occurs, the user\ninterrupts
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- or some other unforeseen circumstance happens you\ndon't leave the user with a badly-broken package.
+L247
+)P
+(P
+L248
+-\nThe maintainer scripts are guaranteed to run with a controlling\nterminal and can interact with the user. If they need to prompt for\npasswords, do full-screen interaction or something similar you should\ndo these things to and from
+(TT
+-/dev/tty
+)TT
+-, since
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will at\nsome point redirect scripts' standard input and output so that it can\nlog the installation process. Likewise, because these scripts may be\nexecuted with standard output redirected into a pipe for logging\npurposes, Perl scripts should set unbuffered output by setting\n
+(TT
+-$|=1
+)TT
+- so that the output is printed immediately rather than being\nbuffered.
+L259
+)P
+(P
+L260
+-\nEach script should return a zero exit status for success, or a nonzero\none for failure.\n
+L264
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+L265
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L267
+(P
+-This file contains a list of configuration files which are to be\nhandled automatically by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- (see
+AID CDATA conffiles
+(REF
+)REF
+-). Note\nthat not necessarily every configuration file should be listed here.\n
+L271
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-shlibs
+)TT
+L272
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L274
+(P
+-This file contains a list of the shared libraries supplied by the\npackage, with dependency details for each. This is used by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- when it determines what dependencies are\nrequired in a package control file.
+L278
+)P
+(P
+L279
+-\nEach line is of the form:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L282
+(VAR
+-library-name
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version-or-soname
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-dependencies ...
+)VAR
+L283
+)EXAMPLE
+L284
+)P
+(P
+L285
+-\n
+(VAR
+-library-name
+)VAR
+- is the name of the shared library, for example\n
+(TT
+-libc5
+)TT
+-.
+L288
+)P
+(P
+L289
+-\n
+(VAR
+-version-or-soname
+)VAR
+- is the soname of the library - ie, the thing\nthat must exactly match for the library to be recognised by\n
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+-. Usually this is major version number of the library.
+L293
+)P
+(P
+L294
+-\n
+(VAR
+-dependencies
+)VAR
+- has the same syntax as a dependency field in a\nbinary package control file. It should give details of which\npackage(s) are required to satisfy a binary built against the version\nof the library contained in the package. See
+AID CDATA depsyntax
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L299
+)P
+(P
+L300
+-\nFor example, if the package
+(TT
+-foo
+)TT
+- contains
+(TT
+-libfoo.so.1.2.3
+)TT
+-,\nwhere the soname of the library is
+(TT
+-libfoo.so.1
+)TT
+-, and the first\nversion of the package which contained a minor number of at least\n
+(TT
+-2.3
+)TT
+- was
+(VAR
+-1.2.3-1
+)VAR
+-, then the package's
+(VAR
+-shlibs
+)VAR
+- could\nsay:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L307
+-libfoo 1\011foo (>= 1.2.3-1)
+L308
+)EXAMPLE
+L309
+)P
+(P
+L310
+-\nThe version-specific dependency is to avoid warnings from
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+-\nabout using older shared libraries with newer binaries.\n
+L314
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L316
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA controlfile
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-The main control information file:
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L317
+)HEADING
+(P
+L318
+-\nThe most important control information file used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when it\ninstalls a package is
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+-. It contains all the package's\n`vital statistics'.
+L322
+)P
+(P
+L323
+-\nThe binary package control files of packages built from Debian sources\nare made by a special tool,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-, which reads\n
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- to find the\ninformation it needs. See
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+(REF
+)REF
+- for more details.
+L328
+)P
+(P
+L329
+-\nThe fields in binary package control files are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L333
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Package
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L334
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)\n
+L336
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n(mandatory)
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This field should appear in all packages, though\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- doesn't require it yet so that old packages can still be\ninstalled.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L341
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA relationships
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- et al.
+)QREF
+L342
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+)QREF
+L343
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L344
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+L345
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L346
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA descriptions
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+)QREF
+L347
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Installed-Size
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Installed-Size
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n
+L349
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L350
+)P
+(P
+L351
+-\nA description of the syntax of control files and the purpose of these\nfields is available in
+AID CDATA controlfields
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L356
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Source packages
+L357
+)HEADING
+(P
+L358
+-\nThe Debian binary packages in the distribution are generated from\nDebian sources, which are in a special format to assist the easy and\nautomatic building of binaries.\n
+L363
+)P
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Tools for processing source packages
+L364
+)HEADING
+(P
+L365
+-\nVarious tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack\nand unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage\nthe distribution of new versions.
+L369
+)P
+(P
+L370
+-\nThey are introduced and typical uses described here; see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L372
+- for full documentation about their\narguments and operation.
+L374
+)P
+(P
+L375
+-\nFor examples of how to construct a Debian source package, and how to\nuse those utilities that are used by Debian source packages, please\nsee the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- example package.\n
+L380
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- - packs and unpacks Debian source packages
+L381
+)HEADING
+(P
+L382
+-\nThis program is frequently used by hand, and is also called from\npackage-independent automated building scripts such as\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+-.
+L386
+)P
+(P
+L387
+-\nTo unpack a package it is typically invoked with\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L390
+-dpkg-source -x
+(VAR
+-.../path/to/filename
+)VAR
+-.dsc
+L391
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nwith the
+(TT
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- (if applicable) in the same directory. It\nunpacks into
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, and if applicable\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-.orig
+)TT
+-, in the current directory.
+L396
+)P
+(P
+L397
+-\nTo create a packed source archive it is typically invoked:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L400
+-dpkg-source -b
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L401
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThis will create the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- (if\nappropriate) in the current directory.
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- does not\nclean the source tree first - this must be done separately if it is\nrequired.
+L406
+)P
+(P
+L407
+-\nSee also
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L411
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- - overall package-building control\nscript
+L413
+)HEADING
+(P
+L414
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- is a script which invokes
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-,\nthe
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- targets
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-pgp
+)PRGN
+- to build a signed\nsource and binary package upload.
+L419
+)P
+(P
+L420
+-\nIt is usually invoked by hand from the top level of the built or\nunbuilt source directory. It may be invoked with no arguments; useful\narguments include:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L425
+(TAG
+(TT
+--uc
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--us
+)TT
+L426
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Do not PGP-sign the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or the source package\n
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file, respectively.\n
+L429
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--p
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+)TT
+L430
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Invoke
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+- instead of finding
+(TT
+-pgp
+)TT
+- on the\n
+(PRGN
+-PATH
+)PRGN
+-.
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+- must behave just like
+(PRGN
+-pgp
+)PRGN
+-.\n
+L433
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--r
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+)TT
+L434
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-When root privilege is required, invoke the command\n
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+-.
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+- should invoke its first\nargument as a command, from the
+(PRGN
+-PATH
+)PRGN
+- if necessary, and pass its\nsecond and subsequent arguments to the command it calls. If no\n
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+- is supplied then
+(VAR
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)VAR
+- will take\nno special action to gain root privilege, so that for most packages it\nwill have to be invoked as root to start with.\n
+L442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--b
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--B
+)TT
+L443
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Two types of binary-only build and upload - see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L444
+-.
+L445
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\n
+L448
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- - generates binary package control files
+L449
+)HEADING
+(P
+L450
+-\nThis program is usually called from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- (see
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+(REF
+)REF
+L452
+-) in the top level of the source tree.
+L453
+)P
+(P
+L454
+-\nThis is usually done just before the files and directories in the\ntemporary directory tree where the package is being built have their\npermissions and ownerships set and the package is constructed using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This is so that the control file which is\nproduced has the right permissions
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-.
+L460
+)P
+(P
+L461
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- must be called after all the files which are to\ngo into the package have been placed in the temporary build directory,\nso that its calculation of the installed size of a package is correct.
+L465
+)P
+(P
+L466
+-\nIt is also necessary for
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to be run after\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- so that the variable substitutions created by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- in
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- are available.
+L470
+)P
+(P
+L471
+-\nFor a package which generates only one binary package, and which\nbuilds it in
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+- relative to the top of the source\npackage, it is usually sufficient to call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L476
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+L477
+)EXAMPLE
+L478
+)P
+(P
+L479
+-\nSources which build several binaries will typically need something\nlike:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L483
+-dpkg-gencontrol -Pdebian/tmp-
+(VAR
+-pkg
+)VAR
+- -p
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+L484
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe
+(TT
+--P
+)TT
+- tells
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- that the package is being\nbuilt in a non-default directory, and the
+(TT
+--p
+)TT
+- tells it which\npackage's control file should be generated.
+L488
+)P
+(P
+L489
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- also adds information to the list of files in\n
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+-, for the benefit of (for example) a future\ninvocation of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-.\n\n
+L495
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- - calculates shared library dependencies
+L496
+)HEADING
+(P
+L497
+-\nThis program is usually called from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- just before\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- (see
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+(REF
+)REF
+-), in the top level\nof the source tree.
+L501
+)P
+(P
+L502
+-\nIts arguments are executables
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-They may be specified either\nin the locations in the source tree where they are created or in the\nlocations in the temporary build tree where they are installed prior\nto binary package creation.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- for which shared library\ndependencies should be included in the binary package's control file.
+L508
+)P
+(P
+L509
+-\nIf some of the executable(s) shared libraries should only warrant a\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-, or if some warrant a\n
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-, this can be achieved by using the\n
+(TT
+--d
+(VAR
+-dependency-field
+)VAR
+)TT
+- option before those executable(s).\n(Each
+(TT
+--d
+)TT
+- option takes effect until the next
+(TT
+--d
+)TT
+-.)
+L515
+)P
+(P
+L516
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- does not directly cause the output control file\nto be modified. Instead by default it adds to the\n
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- file variable settings like\n
+(TT
+-shlibs:Depends
+)TT
+-. These variable settings must be referenced in\ndependency fields in the appropriate per-binary-package sections of\nthe source control file.
+L523
+)P
+(P
+L524
+-\nFor example, the
+(PRGN
+-procps
+)PRGN
+- package generates two kinds of\nbinaries, simple C binaries like
+(PRGN
+-ps
+)PRGN
+- which require a\npredependency and full-screen ncurses binaries like
+(PRGN
+-top
+)PRGN
+- which\nrequire only a recommendation. It can say in its
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L530
+-dpkg-shlibdeps -dPre-Depends ps -dRecommends top
+L531
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand then in its main control file
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L534
+(VAR
+-...
+)VAR
+-\nPackage: procps\nPre-Depends: ${shlibs:Pre-Depends}\nRecommends: ${shlibs:Recommends}\n
+(VAR
+-...
+)VAR
+L539
+)EXAMPLE
+L540
+)P
+(P
+L541
+-\nSources which produce several binary packages with different shared\nlibrary dependency requirements can use the
+(TT
+--p
+(VAR
+-varnameprefix
+)VAR
+)TT
+-\noption to override the default
+(TT
+-shlib:
+)TT
+- prefix (one invocation of\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- per setting of this option). They can thus\nproduce several sets of dependency variables, each of the form\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-varnameprefix
+)VAR
+-:
+(VAR
+-dependencyfield
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, which can be referred\nto in the appropriate parts of the binary package control files.\n\n
+L551
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- - adds a file to
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L552
+)HEADING
+(P
+L553
+-\nSome packages' uploads need to include files other than the source and\nbinary package files.
+L556
+)P
+(P
+L557
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- adds a file to the
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+- file so\nthat it will be included in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file when\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- is run.
+L561
+)P
+(P
+L562
+-\nIt is usually invoked from the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target of\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L566
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-section
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-priority
+)VAR
+L567
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+- is relative to the directory where\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- will expect to find it - this is usually the\ndirectory above the top level of the source tree. The\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- target should put the file there just before or\njust after calling
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+-.
+L573
+)P
+(P
+L574
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-section
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-priority
+)VAR
+- are passed unchanged into the\nresulting
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. See
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L579
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- - generates a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- upload\ncontrol file
+L581
+)HEADING
+(P
+L582
+-\nThis program is usually called by package-independent automatic\nbuilding scripts such as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+-, but it may also be\ncalled by hand.
+L586
+)P
+(P
+L587
+-\nIt is usually called in the top level of a built source tree, and when\ninvoked with no arguments will print out a straightforward\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file based on the information in the source package's\nchangelog and control file and the binary and source packages which\nshould have been built.\n\n
+L595
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)PRGN
+- - produces parsed representation of\na changelog
+L597
+)HEADING
+(P
+L598
+-\nThis program is used internally by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- et al. It may\nalso occasionally be useful in
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- and elsewhere. It\nparses a changelog,
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- by default, and prints a\ncontrol-file format representation of the information in it to\nstandard output.\n
+L605
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-The Debianised source tree
+L606
+)HEADING
+(P
+L607
+-\nThe source archive scheme described later is intended to allow a\nDebianised source tree with some associated control information to be\nreproduced and transported easily. The Debianised source tree is a\nversion of the original program with certain files added for the\nbenefit of the Debianisation process, and with any other changes\nrequired made to the rest of the source code and installation scripts.
+L614
+)P
+(P
+L615
+-\nThe extra files created for Debian are in the subdirectory
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-\nof the top level of the Debianised source tree. They are described\nbelow.\n
+L620
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- - the main building script
+L621
+)HEADING
+(P
+L622
+-\nThis file is an executable makefile, and contains the package-specific\nrecipies for compiling the package and building binary package(s) out\nof the source.
+L626
+)P
+(P
+L627
+-\nIt must start with the line
+(TT
+-#!/usr/bin/make -f
+)TT
+-, so that it\ncan be invoked by saying its name rather than invoking
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+-\nexplicitly.
+L631
+)P
+(P
+L632
+-\nThe targets which are required to be present are:\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L636
+(TAG
+(TT
+-build
+)TT
+)TAG
+L637
+(ITEM
+L639
+(P
+-This should perform all non-interactive configuration and compilation\nof the package. If a package has an interactive pre-build\nconfiguration routine, the Debianised source package should be built\nafter this has taken place, so that it can be built without rerunning\nthe configuration.
+L644
+)P
+(P
+L645
+-\nFor some packages, notably ones where the same source tree is compiled\nin different ways to produce two binary packages, the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+-\ntarget does not make much sense. For these packages it is good enough\nto provide two (or more) targets (
+(TT
+-build-a
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-build-b
+)TT
+- or\nwhatever) for each of the ways of building the package, and a\n
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target that does nothing. The
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target will have\nto build the package in each of the possible ways and make the binary\npackage out of each.
+L654
+)P
+(P
+L655
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target must not do anything that might require root\nprivilege.
+L658
+)P
+(P
+L659
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target may need to run
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- first - see below.
+L661
+)P
+(P
+L662
+-\nWhen a package has a configuration routine that takes a long time, or\nwhen the makefiles are poorly designed, or when
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- needs to\nrun
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- first, it is a good idea to
+(TT
+-touch build
+)TT
+- when the\nbuild process is complete. This will ensure that if
+(TT
+-debian/rules\nbuild
+)TT
+- is run again it will not rebuild the whole program.\n
+L669
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-binary
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-binary-arch
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-binary-indep
+)TT
+L670
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L672
+(P
+-The
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target should be all that is necessary for the user\nto build the binary package. It is split into two parts:\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- builds the packages' output files which are\nspecific to a particular architecture, and
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-\nbuilds those which are not.
+L677
+)P
+(P
+L678
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- should usually be a target with no commands which simply\ndepends on
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-.
+L681
+)P
+(P
+L682
+-\nBoth
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets should depend on the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target,\nabove, so that the package is built if it has not been already. It\nshould then create the relevant binary package(s), using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to make their control files and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+-\nto build them and place them in the parent of the top level directory.
+L688
+)P
+(P
+L689
+-\nIf one of the
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets has nothing to do (this will be\nalways be the case if the source generates only a single binary\npackage, whether architecture-dependent or not) it
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- still\nexist, but should always succeed.
+L694
+)P
+(P
+L695
+-\n
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+(REF
+)REF
+- describes how to construct binary packages.
+L697
+)P
+(P
+L698
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- targets must be invoked as root.\n
+L701
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-clean
+)TT
+)TAG
+L702
+(ITEM
+L704
+(P
+-This should undo any effects that the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-\ntargets may have had, except that it should leave alone any output\nfiles created in the parent directory by a run of
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-.
+L707
+)P
+(P
+L708
+-\nIf a
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- file is touched at the end of the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target,\nas suggested above, it must be removed as the first thing that\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- does, so that running
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- again after an interrupted\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- doesn't think that everything is already done.
+L713
+)P
+(P
+L714
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target must be invoked as root if
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- has\nbeen invoked since the last
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-, or if
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- has been\ninvoked as root (since
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- may create directories, for\nexample).\n
+L720
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-get-orig-source
+)TT
+)TAG
+L721
+(ITEM
+L723
+(P
+-This target fetches the most recent version of the original source\npackage from a canonical archive site (via FTP or WWW, for example),\ndoes any necessary rearrangement to turn it into the original source\ntarfile format described below, and leaves it in the current directory.
+L727
+)P
+(P
+L728
+-\nThis target may be invoked in any directory, and should take care to\nclean up any temporary files it may have left.
+L731
+)P
+(P
+L732
+-\nThis target is optional, but providing it if possible is a good idea.\n
+L735
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- targets must be\ninvoked with a current directory of the package's top-level\ndirectory.\n
+L741
+)P
+(P
+L742
+-\nAdditional targets may exist in
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-, either as\npublished or undocumented interfaces or for the package's internal\nuse.\n\n
+L748
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+L749
+)HEADING
+(P
+L750
+-\nThis file contains version-independent details about the source\npackage and about the binary packages it creates.
+L753
+)P
+(P
+L754
+-\nIt is a series of sets of control fields, each syntactically similar\nto a binary package control file. The sets are separated by one or\nmore blank lines. The first set is information about the source\npackage in general; each subsequent set describes one binary package\nthat the source tree builds.
+L760
+)P
+(P
+L761
+-\nThe syntax and semantics of the fields are described below in\n
+AID CDATA controlfields
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L764
+)P
+(P
+L765
+-\nThe general (binary-package-independent) fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L768
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L769
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L770
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n(classification, mandatory)
+L772
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L773
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L774
+)P
+(P
+L775
+-\nThe per-binary-package fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L778
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Package
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L779
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L780
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA descriptions
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+)QREF
+L781
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (classification)
+L782
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+)QREF
+L783
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA relationships
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- et al.
+)QREF
+- (package interrelationships)
+L784
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L785
+)P
+(P
+L786
+-\nThese fields are used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to generate control\nfiles for binary packages (see below), by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- to\ngenerate the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file to accompany the upload, and by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- when it creates the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- source control file as\npart of a source archive.
+L792
+)P
+(P
+L793
+-\nThe fields here may contain variable references - their values will be\nsubstituted by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- or\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- when they generate output control files. See
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+(REF
+)REF
+L797
+- for details.
+L798
+)P
+(P
+L800
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-User-defined fields
+L801
+)HEADING
+(P
+L802
+-\nAdditional user-defined fields may be added to the source package\ncontrol file. Such fields will be ignored, and not copied to (for\nexample) binary or source package control files or upload control\nfiles.
+L807
+)P
+(P
+L808
+-\nIf you wish to add additional unsupported fields to these output files\nyou should use the mechanism described here.
+L811
+)P
+(P
+L812
+-\nFields in the main source control information file with names starting\n
+(TT
+-X
+)TT
+-, followed by one or more of the letters
+(TT
+-BCS
+)TT
+- and a hyphen\n
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-, will be copied to the output files. Only the part of the\nfield name after the hyphen will be used in the output file. Where\nthe letter
+(TT
+-B
+)TT
+- is used the field will appear in binary package\ncontrol files, where the letter
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- is used in source package\ncontrol files and where
+(TT
+-C
+)TT
+- is used in upload control\n(
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+-) files.
+L821
+)P
+(P
+L822
+-\nFor example, if the main source information control file contains the\nfield\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L826
+-XBS-Comment: I stand between the candle and the star.
+L827
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nthen the binary and source package control files will contain the\nfield\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L831
+-Comment: I stand between the candle and the star.
+L832
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L834
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA dpkgchangelog
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+L835
+)HEADING
+(P
+L836
+-\nThis file records the changes to the Debian-specific parts of the\npackage
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Though there is nothing stopping an author who is\nalso the Debian maintainer from using it for all their changes, it\nwill have to be renamed if the Debian and upstream maintainers become\ndifferent people.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-.
+L842
+)P
+(P
+L843
+-\nIt has a special format which allows the package building tools to\ndiscover which version of the package is being built and find out\nother release-specific information.
+L847
+)P
+(P
+L848
+-\nThat format is a series of entries like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L851
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- (
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-)
+(VAR
+-distribution(s)
+)VAR
+-; urgency=
+(VAR
+-urgency
+)VAR
+-\n\n *
+(VAR
+-change details
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-more change details
+)VAR
+-\n *
+(VAR
+-even more change details
+)VAR
+-\n\n --
+(VAR
+-maintainer name and email address
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-date
+)VAR
+L858
+)EXAMPLE
+L859
+)P
+(P
+L860
+-\n
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- are the source package name and\nversion number.
+(VAR
+-distribution(s)
+)VAR
+- lists the distributions where\nthis version should be installed when it is uploaded - it is copied to\nthe
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+- field in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. See
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+(REF
+)REF
+L865
+-.
+L866
+)P
+(P
+L867
+-\n
+(VAR
+-urgency
+)VAR
+- is the value for the
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+- field in the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file for the upload. See
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+(REF
+)REF
+-. It is\nnot possible to specify an urgency containing commas; commas are used\nto separate
+(TT
+(VAR
+-keyword
+)VAR
+-=
+(VAR
+-value
+)VAR
+)TT
+- settings in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nchangelog format (though there is currently only one useful\n
+(VAR
+-keyword
+)VAR
+-,
+(TT
+-urgency
+)TT
+-).
+L874
+)P
+(P
+L875
+-\nThe change details may in fact be any series of lines starting with at\nleast two spaces, but conventionally each change starts with an\nasterisk and a separating space and continuation lines are indented so\nas to bring them in line with the start of the text above. Blank\nlines may be used here to separate groups of changes, if desired.
+L881
+)P
+(P
+L882
+-\nThe maintainer name and email address should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- necessarily be\nthose of the usual package maintainer. They should be the details of\nthe person doing
+(EM
+-this
+)EM
+- version. The information here will be\ncopied to the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file, and then later used to send an\nacknowledgement when the upload has been installed.
+L888
+)P
+(P
+L889
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-date
+)VAR
+- should be in RFC822 format; it should include the\ntimezone specified numerically, with the timezone name or abbreviation\noptionally present as a comment.
+L893
+)P
+(P
+L894
+-\nThe first `title' line with the package name should start at the left\nhand margin; the `trailer' line with the maintainer and date details\nshould be preceded by exactly one space. The maintainer details and\nthe date must be separated by exactly two spaces.
+L899
+)P
+(P
+L900
+-\nAn Emacs mode for editing this format is available: it is called\n
+(TT
+-debian-changelog-mode
+)TT
+-. You can have this mode selected\nautomatically when you edit a Debian changelog by adding a local\nvariables clause to the end of the changelog.\n
+L906
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Defining alternative changelog formats
+L907
+)HEADING
+(P
+L908
+-\nIt is possible to use a different format to the standard one, by\nproviding a parser for the format you wish to use.
+L911
+)P
+(P
+L912
+-\nIn order to have
+(TT
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)TT
+- run your parser, you must\ninclude a line within the last 40 lines of your file matching the Perl\nregular expression:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L917
+-\\schangelog-format:\\s+([0-9a-z]+)\\W
+L918
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe part in parentheses should be the name of the format.
+L920
+)P
+(P
+L921
+-\nIf such a line exists then
+(TT
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)TT
+- will look for the\nparser as
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/
+(VAR
+-format-name
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/
+(VAR
+-format-name
+)VAR
+)TT
+-; it is an\nerror for it not to find it, or for it not to be an executable\nprogram. The default changelog format is
+(TT
+-dpkg
+)TT
+-, and a parser for\nit is provided with the
+(TT
+-dpkg
+)TT
+- package.
+L928
+)P
+(P
+L929
+-\nThe parser will be invoked with the changelog open on standard input\nat the start of the file. It should read the file (it may seek if it\nwishes) to determine the information required and return the parsed\ninformation to standard output in the form of a series of control\nfields in the standard format. By default it should return\ninformation about only the most recent version in the changelog; it\nshould accept a
+(TT
+--v
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+- option to return changes\ninformation from all versions present
+(EM
+-strictly after
+)EM
+-\n
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-, and it should then be an error for
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- not to\nbe present in the changelog.
+L940
+)P
+(P
+L941
+-\nThe fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L944
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L945
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L946
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L947
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L948
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L949
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Date
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+)QREF
+L950
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L951
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L952
+)P
+(P
+L953
+-\nIf several versions are being returned (due to the use of
+(TT
+--v
+)TT
+-),\nthe urgency value should be of the highest urgency code listed at the\nstart of any of the versions requested followed by the concatenated\n(space-separated) comments from all the versions requested; the\nmaintainer, version, distribution and date should always be from the\nmost recent version.
+L960
+)P
+(P
+L961
+-\nFor the format of the
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+- field see
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L963
+)P
+(P
+L964
+-\nIf the changelog format which is being parsed always or almost always\nleaves a blank line between individual change notes these blank lines\nshould be stripped out, so as to make the resulting output compact.
+L968
+)P
+(P
+L969
+-\nIf the changelog format does not contain date or package name\ninformation this information should be omitted from the output. The\nparser should not attempt to synthesise it or find it from other\nsources.
+L974
+)P
+(P
+L975
+-\nIf the changelog does not have the expected format the parser should\nexit with a nonzero exit status, rather than trying to muddle through\nand possibly generating incorrect output.
+L979
+)P
+(P
+L980
+-\nA changelog parser may not interact with the user at all.\n
+L983
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- and variable substitutions
+L984
+)HEADING
+(P
+L985
+-\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- generate control files they do variable\nsubstitutions on their output just before writing it. Variable\nsubstitutions have the form
+(TT
+-${
+(VAR
+-variable-name
+)VAR
+-}
+)TT
+-. The optional\nfile
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- contains variable substitutions to be\nused; variables can also be set directly from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-\nusing the
+(TT
+--V
+)TT
+- option to the source packaging commands, and certain\npredefined variables are available.
+L994
+)P
+(P
+L995
+-\nThe file may be a static part of the source archive, or generated and\nmodified dynamically by
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- targets. In the latter\ncase it must be removed by the
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target.
+L999
+)P
+(P
+L1000
+-\nSee
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for full details about source\nvariable substitutions, including the format of\n
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1005
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L1006
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1007
+-\nThis file is not a permanent part of the source tree; it is used while\nbuilding packages to record which files are being generated.\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- uses it when it generates a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file.
+L1011
+)P
+(P
+L1012
+-\nIt should not exist in a shipped source package, and so it (and any\nbackup files or temporary files such as\n
+(TT
+-files.new
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(TT
+-files.new
+)TT
+- is used as a temporary file by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- - they write a new\nversion of
+(TT
+-files
+)TT
+- here before renaming it, to avoid leaving a\ncorrupted copy if an error occurs
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-) should be removed by the\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target. It may also be wise to ensure a fresh start by\nemptying or removing it at the start of the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target.
+L1021
+)P
+(P
+L1022
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- adds an entry to this file for the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+-\nfile that will be created by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- from the control file\nthat it generates, so for most packages all that needs to be done with\nthis file is to delete it in
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-.
+L1027
+)P
+(P
+L1028
+-\nIf a package upload includes files besides the source package and any\nbinary packages whose control files were made with\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- then they should be placed in the parent of the\npackage's top-level directory and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- should be\ncalled to add the file to the list in
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1035
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+L1036
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1037
+-\nThis is the canonical temporary location for the construction of\nbinary packages by the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target. The directory
+(TT
+-tmp
+)TT
+-\nserves as the root of the filesystem tree as it is being constructed\n(for example, by using the package's upstream makefiles install\ntargets and redirecting the output there), and it also contains the\n
+(TT
+-DEBIAN
+)TT
+- subdirectory. See
+AID CDATA bincreating
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L1044
+)P
+(P
+L1045
+-\nIf several binary packages are generated from the same source tree it\nis usual to use several
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+(VAR
+-something
+)VAR
+)TT
+- directories,\nfor example
+(TT
+-tmp-a
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-tmp-doc
+)TT
+-.
+L1049
+)P
+(P
+L1050
+-\nWhatever
+(TT
+-tmp
+)TT
+- directories are created and used by
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-\nmust of course be removed by the
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target.\n\n
+L1055
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Source packages as archives
+L1056
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1057
+-\nAs it exists on the FTP site, a Debian source package consists of\nthree related files. You must have the right versions of all three to\nbe able to use them.
+L1061
+)P
+(P
+L1062
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L1064
+(TAG
+-Debian source control file -
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1065
+(ITEM
+L1067
+(P
+-This file contains a series of fields, identified and separated just\nlike the fields in the control file of a binary package. The fields\nare listed below; their syntax is described above, in\n
+AID CDATA controlfields
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1072
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1073
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1074
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1075
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Binary
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1076
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1077
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1078
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Files
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1079
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1080
+)P
+(P
+L1081
+-\nThe source package control file is generated by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-\nwhen it builds the source archive, from other files in the source\npackage, described above. When unpacking it is checked against the\nfiles and directories in the other parts of the source package, as\ndescribed below.\n
+L1088
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+-Original source archive -
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1089
+(ITEM
+L1091
+(P
+-This is a compressed (with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-)
+(PRGN
+-tar
+)PRGN
+- file containing\nthe source code from the upstream authors of the program. The tarfile\nunpacks into a directory\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig
+)TT
+-, and does not contain\nfiles anywhere other than in there or in its subdirectories.\n
+L1097
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+-Debianisation diff -
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-version-revision
+)VAR
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1098
+(ITEM
+L1100
+(P
+-This is a unified context diff (
+(TT
+-diff -u
+)TT
+-) giving the changes which\nare required to turn the original source into the Debian source.\nThese changes may only include editing and creating plain files. The\npermissions of files, the targets of symbolic links and the\ncharacteristics of special files or pipes may not be changed and no\nfiles may be removed or renamed.
+L1106
+)P
+(P
+L1107
+-\nAll the directories in the diff must exist, except the
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-\nsubdirectory of the top of the source tree, which will be created by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- if necessary when unpacking.
+L1111
+)P
+(P
+L1112
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- program will automatically make the\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- file executable (see below).\n
+L1116
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L1117
+)P
+(P
+L1118
+-\nIf there is no original source code - for example, if the package is\nspecially prepared for Debian or the Debian maintainer is the same as\nthe upstream maintainer - the format is slightly different: then there\nis no diff, and the tarfile is named\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and contains a directory\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1126
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Unpacking a Debian source package without
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+L1127
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1128
+-\n
+(TT
+-dpkg-source -x
+)TT
+- is the recommended way to unpack a Debian source\npackage. However, if it is not available it is possible to unpack a\nDebian source archive as follows:\n\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(ENUMLIST
+L1134
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Untar the tarfile, which will create a
+(TT
+-.orig
+)TT
+- directory.
+L1135
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Rename the
+(TT
+-.orig
+)TT
+- directory to\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.
+L1137
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Create the subdirectory
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- at the top of the source\ntree.
+L1139
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Apply the diff using
+(TT
+-patch -p0
+)TT
+-.
+L1140
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Untar the tarfile again if you want a copy of the original\nsource code alongside the Debianised version.
+L1142
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+L1143
+)P
+(P
+L1144
+-\nIt is not possible to generate a valid Debian source archive without\nusing
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-. In particular, attempting to use\n
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- directly to generate the
+(TT
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- file will not work.\n
+L1149
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Restrictions on objects in source packages
+L1150
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1151
+-\nThe source package may not contain any device special files, sockets\nor setuid or setgid files.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Setgid directories are\nallowed.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1155
+)P
+(P
+L1156
+-\nThe source packaging tools manage the changes between the original and\nDebianised source using
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-patch
+)PRGN
+-. Turning the\noriginal source tree as included in the
+(TT
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+- into the\ndebianised source must not involve any changes which cannot be handled\nby these tools. Problematic changes which cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- to\nhalt with an error when building the source package are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1164
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Adding or removing symbolic links, sockets or pipes.
+L1165
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changing the targets of symbolic links.
+L1166
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Creating directories, other than
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-.
+L1167
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changes to the contents of binary files.
+L1168
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\nChanges which cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- to print a warning but continue\nanyway are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1172
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Removing files, directories or symlinks.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Renaming a\nfile is not treated specially - it is seen as the removal of the old\nfile (which generates a warning, but is otherwise ignored), and the\ncreation of the new one.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1176
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\nChanges which are not represented, but which are not detected by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-, are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1180
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changing the permissions of files (other than\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-) and directories.
+L1182
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1183
+)P
+(P
+L1184
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- directory and
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- are handled\nspecially by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- - before applying the changes it will\ncreate the
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- directory, and afterwards it will make\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- world-exectuable.\n
+L1190
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA controlfields
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1192
+-\nMany of the tools in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- suite manipulate data in a common\nformat, known as control files. Binary and source packages have\ncontrol data as do the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files which control the\ninstallation of uploaded files, and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s internal databases\nare in a similar format.\n
+L1199
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Syntax of control files
+L1200
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1201
+-\nA file consists of one or more paragraphs of fields. The paragraphs\nare separated by blank lines. Some control files only allow one\nparagraph; others allow several, in which case each paragraph often\nrefers to a different package.
+L1206
+)P
+(P
+L1207
+-\nEach paragraph is a series of fields and values; each field consists\nof a name, followed by a colon and the value. It ends at the end of\nthe line. Horizontal whitespace (spaces and tabs) may occur before or\nafter the value and is ignored there; it is conventional to put a\nsingle space after the colon.
+L1213
+)P
+(P
+L1214
+-\nSome fields' values may span several lines; in this case each\ncontinuation line
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- start with a space or tab. Any trailing\nspaces or tabs at the end of individual lines of a field value are\nignored.
+L1219
+)P
+(P
+L1220
+-\nExcept where otherwise stated only a single line of data is allowed\nand whitespace is not significant in a field body. Whitespace may\nnever appear inside names (of packages, architectures, files or\nanything else), version numbers or in between the characters of\nmulti-character version relationships.
+L1226
+)P
+(P
+L1227
+-\nField names are not case-sensitive, but it is usual to capitalise the\nfields using mixed case as shown below.
+L1230
+)P
+(P
+L1231
+-\nBlank lines, or lines consisting only of spaces and tabs, are not\nallowed within field values or between fields - that would mean a new\nparagraph.
+L1235
+)P
+(P
+L1236
+-\nIt is important to note that there are several fields which are\noptional as far as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and the related tools are concerned,\nbut which must appear in every Debian package, or whose omission may\ncause problems. When writing the control files for Debian packages\nyou
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- read the Debian policy manual in conjuction with the\ndetails below and the list of fields for the particular file.\n
+L1244
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-List of fields\n
+L1246
+)HEADING
+AID CDATA f-Package
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+L1247
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1248
+-\nThe name of the binary package. Package names consist of the\nalphanumerics and
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+- (plus, minus and full\nstop).
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-The characters
+(TT
+-@
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-=
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-%
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-_
+)TT
+- (at,\ncolon, equals, percent and underscore) used to be legal and are still\naccepted when found in a package file, but may not be used in new\npackages
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1255
+)P
+(P
+L1256
+-\nThey must be at least two characters and must start with an\nalphanumeric. In current versions of dpkg they are sort of\ncase-sensitive
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This is a bug.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-; use lowercase\npackage names unless the package you're building (or referring to, in\nother fields) is already using uppercase.\n
+L1263
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Version
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+L1264
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1265
+-\nThis lists the source or binary package's version number - see
+AID CDATA versions
+(REF
+)REF
+L1267
+-.\n
+L1269
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+L1270
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1271
+-\nThis is the architecture string; it is a single word for the CPU\narchitecture.
+L1274
+)P
+(P
+L1275
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will check the declared architecture of a binary package\nagainst its own compiled-in value before it installs it.
+L1278
+)P
+(P
+L1279
+-\nThe special value
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+- indicates that the package is\narchitecture-independent.
+L1282
+)P
+(P
+L1283
+-\nIn the main
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file in the source package, or in\nthe source package control file
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-, a list of architectures\n(separated by spaces) is also allowed, as is the special value\n
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+-. A list indicates that the source will build an\narchitecture-dependent package, and will only work correctly on the\nlisted architectures.
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+- indicates that though the source\npackage isn't dependent on any particular architecture and should\ncompile fine on any one, the binary package(s) produced are not\narchitecture-independent but will instead be specific to whatever the\ncurrent build architecture is.
+L1294
+)P
+(P
+L1295
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file the
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field lists the\narchitecture(s) of the package(s) currently being uploaded. This will\nbe a list; if the source for the package is being uploaded too the\nspecial entry
+(TT
+-source
+)TT
+- is also present.
+L1300
+)P
+(P
+L1301
+-\nThe current build architecture can be determined using
+(TT
+-dpkg\n--print-architecture
+)TT
+-.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This actually invokes\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1305
+-gcc --print-libgcc-file-name
+L1306
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand parses and decomposes the output and looks the CPU type from the\nGCC configuration in a table in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. This is so that it will\nwork if you're cross-compiling.
+L1310
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\nThis value is automatically used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- when\nbuilding the control file for a binary package for which the source\ncontrol information doesn't specify architecture
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+-.
+L1314
+)P
+(P
+L1315
+-\nThere is a separate option,
+(TT
+---print-installation-architecture
+)TT
+-,\nfor finding out what architecture
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is willing to install.\nThis information is also in the output of
+(TT
+-dpkg --version
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1320
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+L1321
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1322
+-\nThe package maintainer's name and email address. The name should come\nfirst, then the email address inside angle brackets
+(TT
+-\|<\|\|>\|
+)TT
+- (in\nRFC822 format).
+L1326
+)P
+(P
+L1327
+-\nIf the maintainer's name contains a full stop then the whole field\nwill not work directly as an email address due to a misfeature in the\nsyntax specified in RFC822; a program using this field as an address\nmust check for this and correct the problem if necessary (for example\nby putting the name in round brackets and moving it to the end, and\nbringing the email address forward).
+L1334
+)P
+(P
+L1335
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog data this contains the\nname and email address of the person responsible for the particular\nversion in question - this may not be the package's usual maintainer.
+L1339
+)P
+(P
+L1340
+-\nThis field is usually optional in as far as the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- are\nconcerned, but its absence when building packages usually generates a\nwarning.\n
+L1345
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Source
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+L1346
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1347
+-\nThis field identifies the source package name.
+L1349
+)P
+(P
+L1350
+-\nIn a main source control information or a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-\nfile or parsed changelog data this may contain only the name of the\nsource package.
+L1354
+)P
+(P
+L1355
+-\nIn the control file of a binary package (or in a
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file)\nit may be followed by a version number in parentheses.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-It is\nusual to leave a space after the package name if a version number is\nspecified.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- This version number may be omitted (and is, by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-) if it has the same value as the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+-\nfield of the binary package in question. The field itself may be\nomitted from a binary package control file when the source package has\nthe same name and version as the binary package.\n
+L1365
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Package interrelationship fields:\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L1368
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1369
+-\nThese fields describe the package's relationships with other packages.\nTheir syntax and semantics are described in
+AID CDATA relationships
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n
+L1373
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Description
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+L1374
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1375
+-\nIn a binary package
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file or main source control file\nthis field contains a description of the binary package, in a special\nformat. See
+AID CDATA descriptions
+(REF
+)REF
+- for details.
+L1379
+)P
+(P
+L1380
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file it contains a summary of the descriptions for\nthe packages being uploaded. The part of the field before the first\nnewline is empty; thereafter each line has the name of a binary\npackage and the summary description line from that binary package.\nEach line is indented by one space.\n
+L1387
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+L1388
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1389
+-\nThis is a boolean field which may occur only in the control file of a\nbinary package (or in the
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file) or in a per-package\nfields paragraph of a main source control data file.
+L1393
+)P
+(P
+L1394
+-\nIf set to
+(TT
+-yes
+)TT
+- then
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will refuse to\nremove the package (though it can be upgraded and/or replaced). The\nother possible value is
+(TT
+-no
+)TT
+-, which is the same as not having the\nfield at all.\n
+L1400
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L1401
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1402
+-\nThese two fields classify the package. The
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- represents\nhow important that it is that the user have it installed; the\n
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- represents an application area into which the package has\nbeen classified.
+L1407
+)P
+(P
+L1408
+-\nWhen they appear in the
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file these fields give\nvalues for the section and priority subfields of the
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+- field\nof the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file, and give defaults for the section and\npriority of the binary packages.
+L1413
+)P
+(P
+L1414
+-\nThe section and priority are represented, though not as separate\nfields, in the information for each file in the
+AID CDATA f-Files
+(QREF
+L1417
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+)QREF
+- field of a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. The\nsection value in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file is used to decide where to\ninstall a package in the FTP archive.
+L1420
+)P
+(P
+L1421
+-\nThese fields are not used by by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- proper, but by\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- when it sorts packages and selects defaults. See the\nDebian policy manual for the priorities in use and the criteria for\nselecting the priority for a Debian package, and look at the Debian\nFTP archive for a list of currently in-use priorities.
+L1427
+)P
+(P
+L1428
+-\nThese fields may appear in binary package control files, in which case\nthey provide a default value in case the
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files are\nmissing the information.
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will only use\nthe value from a
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file if they have no other information; a\nvalue listed in a
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file will always take precedence. By\ndefault
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- does not include the section and\npriority in the control file of a binary package - use the
+(TT
+--isp
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+--is
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+--ip
+)TT
+- options to achieve this effect.\n
+L1438
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Binary
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+L1439
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1440
+-\nThis field is a list of binary packages.
+L1442
+)P
+(P
+L1443
+-\nWhen it appears in the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file it is the list of binary\npackages which a source package can produce. It does not necessarily\nproduce all of these binary packages for every architecture. The\nsource control file doesn't contain details of which architectures are\nappropriate for which of the binary packages.
+L1449
+)P
+(P
+L1450
+-\nWhen it appears in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file it lists the names of the\nbinary packages actually being uploaded.
+L1453
+)P
+(P
+L1454
+-\nThe syntax is a list of binary packages separated by\ncommas.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-A space after each comma is conventional.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\nCurrently the packages must be separated using only spaces in the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file.\n
+L1460
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Installed-Size
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Installed-Size
+)TT
+L1461
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1462
+-\nThis field appears in the control files of binary packages, and in the\n
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files. It gives the total amount of disk space\nrequired to install the named package.
+L1466
+)P
+(P
+L1467
+-\nThe disk space is represented in kilobytes as a simple decimal number.\n
+L1470
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Files
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+L1471
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1472
+-\nThis field contains a list of files with information about each one.\nThe exact information and syntax varies with the context. In all\ncases the the part of the field contents on the same line as the field\nname is empty. The remainder of the field is one line per file, each\nline being indented by one space and containing a number of sub-fields\nseparated by spaces.
+L1479
+)P
+(P
+L1480
+-\nIn the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- (Debian source control) file each line contains the\nMD5 checksum, size and filename of the tarfile and (if applicable)\ndiff file which make up the remainder of the source\npackage.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-That is, the parts which are not the\n
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- The exact forms of the filenames are described\nin
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L1487
+)P
+(P
+L1488
+-\nIn the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file this contains one line per file being\nuploaded. Each line contains the MD5 checksum, size, section and\npriority and the filename. The section and priority are the values of\nthe corresponding fields in the main source control file - see
+AID CDATA f-classification
+(REF
+)REF
+L1493
+-. If no section or priority is specified then\n
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+- should be used, though section and priority values must be\nspecified for new packages to be installed properly.
+L1496
+)P
+(P
+L1497
+-\nThe special value
+(TT
+-byhand
+)TT
+- for the section in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file\nindicates that the file in question is not an ordinary package file\nand must by installed by hand by the distribution maintainers. If the\nsection is
+(TT
+-byhand
+)TT
+- the priority should be
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-.
+L1502
+)P
+(P
+L1503
+-\nIf a new Debian revision of a package is being shipped and no new\noriginal source archive is being distributed the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- must still\ncontain the
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+- field entry for the original source archive\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+-, but the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file should leave it out. In this case the original\nsource archive on the distribution site must match exactly,\nbyte-for-byte, the original source archive which was used to generate\nthe
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file and diff which are being uploaded.\n\n
+L1514
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1515
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1516
+-\nThe most recent version of the standards (the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nand policy manuals and associated texts) with which the package\ncomplies. This is updated manually when editing the source package to\nconform to newer standards; it can sometimes be used to tell when a\npackage needs attention.
+L1522
+)P
+(P
+L1523
+-\nIts format is the same as that of a version number except that no\nepoch or Debian revision is allowed - see
+AID CDATA versions
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L1528
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1529
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1530
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog output this contains the\n(space-separated) name(s) of the distribution(s) where this version of\nthe package should be or was installed. Distribution names follow the\nrules for package names. (See
+AID CDATA f-Package
+(REF
+)REF
+-).
+L1535
+)P
+(P
+L1536
+-\nCurrent distribution values are
+(TT
+-stable
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-unstable
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-experimental
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1540
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1541
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1542
+-\nThis is a description of how important it is to upgrade to this\nversion from previous ones. It consists of a single keyword usually\ntaking one of the values
+(TT
+-LOW
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-MEDIUM
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-HIGH
+)TT
+-) followed\nby an optional commentary (separated by a space) which is usually in\nparentheses. For example:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1549
+-Urgency: LOW (HIGH for diversions users)
+L1550
+)EXAMPLE
+L1551
+)P
+(P
+L1552
+-\nThis field appears in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file and in parsed changelogs;\nits value appears as the value of the
+(TT
+-urgency
+)TT
+- attribute in a\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+--style changelog (see
+AID CDATA dpkgchangelog
+(REF
+)REF
+-).
+L1556
+)P
+(P
+L1557
+-\nUrgency keywords are not case-sensitive.\n
+L1560
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Date
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+L1561
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1562
+-\nIn
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files and parsed changelogs, this gives the date the\npackage was built or last edited.\n
+L1566
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Format
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Format
+)TT
+L1567
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1568
+-\nThis field occurs in
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files, and specifies a format\nrevision for the file. The format described here is version
+(TT
+-1.5
+)TT
+-.\nThe syntax of the format value is the same as that of a package\nversion number except that no epoch or Debian revision is allowed -\nsee
+AID CDATA versions
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n
+L1575
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+L1576
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1577
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog this field contains the\nhuman-readable changes data, describing the differences between the\nlast version and the current one.
+L1581
+)P
+(P
+L1582
+-\nThere should be nothing in this field before the first newline; all\nthe subsequent lines must be indented by at least one space; blank\nlines must be represented by a line consiting only of a space and a\nfull stop.
+L1587
+)P
+(P
+L1588
+-\nEach version's change information should be preceded by a `title' line\ngiving at least the version, distribution(s) and urgency, in a\nhuman-readable way.
+L1592
+)P
+(P
+L1593
+-\nIf data from several versions is being returned the entry for the most\nrecent version should be returned first, and entries should be\nseparated by the representation of a blank line (the `title' line may\nalso be followed by the representation of blank line).\n
+L1599
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Filename
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Filename
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-MSDOS-Filename
+)TT
+L1600
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1601
+-\nThese fields in
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files give the filename(s) of (the parts\nof) a package in the distribution directories, relative to the root of\nthe Debian hierarchy. If the package has been split into several\nparts the parts are all listed in order, separated by spaces.\n
+L1607
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Size
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Size
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-MD5sum
+)TT
+L1608
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1609
+-\nThese fields in
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files give the size (in bytes, expressed\nin decimal) and MD5 checksum of the file(s) which make(s) up a binary\npackage in the distribution. If the package is split into several\nparts the values for the parts are listed in order, separated by\nspaces.\n
+L1616
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Status
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Status
+)TT
+L1617
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1618
+-\nThis field in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file records whether the user wants a\npackage installed, removed or left alone, whether it is broken\n(requiring reinstallation) or not and what its current state on the\nsystem is. Each of these pieces of information is a single word.\n
+L1624
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Config-Version
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Config-Version
+)TT
+L1625
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1626
+-\nIf a package is not installed or not configured, this field in\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file records the last version of the package which\nwas successfully configured.\n
+L1631
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Conffiles
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Conffiles
+)TT
+L1632
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1633
+-\nThis field in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file contains information about the\nautomatically-managed configuration files held by a package. This\nfield should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- appear anywhere in a package!\n
+L1638
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Obsolete fields
+L1639
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1640
+-\nThese are still recognised by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- but should not appear anywhere\nany more.\n\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L1646
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Revision
+)TT
+L1647
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Package-Revision
+)TT
+L1648
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Package_Revision
+)TT
+L1649
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1650
+(P
+-The Debian revision part of the package version was at one point in a\nseparate control file field. This field went through several names.\n
+L1653
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Recommended
+)TT
+L1654
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\n
+L1656
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Optional
+)TT
+L1657
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1659
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Class
+)TT
+L1660
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1662
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L1664
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA versions
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1666
+-\nEvery package has a version number, in its
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- control file\nfield.
+L1669
+)P
+(P
+L1670
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- imposes an ordering on version numbers, so that it can tell\nwhether packages are being up- or downgraded and so that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-\ncan tell whether a package it finds available is newer than the one\ninstalled on the system. The version number format has the most\nsignificant parts (as far as comparison is concerned) at the\nbeginning.
+L1677
+)P
+(P
+L1678
+-\nThe version number format is:\n\|[\|
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+-\|]\|
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\|[\|
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+-\|]\|.
+L1681
+)P
+(P
+L1682
+-\nThe three components here are:\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L1687
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+L1688
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1690
+(P
+-This is a single unsigned integer, which should usually be small. It\nmay be omitted, in which case zero is assumed. If it is omitted then\nthe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- may not contain any colons.
+L1693
+)P
+(P
+L1694
+-\nIt is provided to allow mistakes in the version numbers of older\nversions of a package, and also a package's previous version numbering\nschemes, to be left behind.
+L1698
+)P
+(P
+L1699
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will not usually display the epoch unless it is essential\n(non-zero, or if the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- contains a colon);\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- does not display epochs at all in the main part of the\npackage selection display.\n
+L1705
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+L1706
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1708
+(P
+-This is the main part of the version. It is usually version number of\nthe original (`upstream') package of which the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file has been\nmade, if this is applicable. Usually this will be in the same format\nas that specified by the upstream author(s); however, it may need to\nbe reformatted to fit into
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s format and comparison scheme.
+L1713
+)P
+(P
+L1714
+-\nThe comparison behaviour of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- with respect to the\n
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- is described below. The
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\nportion of the version number is mandatory.
+L1718
+)P
+(P
+L1719
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- may contain only alphanumerics and the\ncharacters
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+- (full stop, plus, hyphen,\ncolon) and should start with a digit. If there is no\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- then hyphens are not allowed; if there is no\n
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+- then colons are not allowed.\n
+L1726
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+L1727
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1729
+(P
+-This part of the version represents the version of the modifications\nthat were made to the package to make it a Debian binary package. It\nis in the same format as the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\ncompares it in the same way.
+L1733
+)P
+(P
+L1734
+-\nIt is optional; if it isn't present then the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\nmay not contain a hyphen. This format represents the case where a\npiece of software was written specifically to be turned into a Debian\nbinary package, and so there is only one `debianization' of it and\ntherefore no revision indication is required.
+L1740
+)P
+(P
+L1741
+-\nIt is conventional to restart the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+- each\ntime the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- is increased.
+L1744
+)P
+(P
+L1745
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will break the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- apart at the last hyphen in the string. The\nabsence of a
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- compares earlier than the presence\nof one (but note that the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- is the least\nsignificant part of the version number).
+L1751
+)P
+(P
+L1752
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- may contain only alphanumerics and the\ncharacters
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+- (plus and full stop).\n
+L1756
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\nThe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- parts are\ncompared by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- using the same algorithm:
+L1760
+)P
+(P
+L1761
+-\nThe strings are compared from left to right.
+L1763
+)P
+(P
+L1764
+-\nFirst the initial part of each string consisting entirely of non-digit\ncharacters is determined. These two parts (one of which may be empty)\nare compared lexically. If a difference is found it is returned. The\nlexical comparison is a comparison of ASCII values modified so that\nall the letters sort earlier than all the non-letters.
+L1770
+)P
+(P
+L1771
+-\nThen the initial part of the remainder of each string which consists\nentirely of digit characters is determined. The numerical values of\nthese two parts are compared, and any difference found is returned as\nthe result of the comparison. For these purposes an empty string\n(which can only occur at the end of one or both version strings being\ncompared) counts as zero.
+L1778
+)P
+(P
+L1779
+-\nThese two steps are repeated (chopping initial non-digit strings and\ninitial digit strings off from the start) until a difference is found\nor both strings are exhausted.
+L1783
+)P
+(P
+L1784
+-\nNote that the purpose of epochs is to allow us to leave behind\nmistakes in version numbering, and to cope with situations where the\nversion numbering changes. It is
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- there to cope with version\nnumbers containing strings of letters which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- cannot interpret\n(such as
+(TT
+-ALPHA
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-pre-
+)TT
+-), or with silly orderings (the author\nof this manual has heard of a package whose versions went
+(TT
+-1.1
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-1.2
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-1.3
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2.1
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2.2
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2
+)TT
+- and so forth).
+L1792
+)P
+(P
+L1793
+-\nIf an upstream package has problematic version numbers they should be\nconverted to a sane form for use in the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- field.\n\n
+L1798
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA maintainerscripts
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Package maintainer scripts\nand installation procedure
+L1800
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction to package maintainer scripts
+L1801
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1802
+-\nIt is possible supply scripts as part of a package which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nwill run for you when your package is installed, upgraded or removed.
+L1805
+)P
+(P
+L1806
+-\nThese scripts should be the files
+(TT
+-preinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-postinst
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-prerm
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-postrm
+)TT
+- in the control area of the package. They\nmust be proper exectuable files; if they are scripts (which is\nrecommended) they must start with the usual
+(TT
+-#!
+)TT
+- convention. They\nshould be readable and executable to anyone, and not world-writeable.
+L1812
+)P
+(P
+L1813
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- looks at the exit status from these scripts. It is\nimportant that they exit with a non-zero status if there is an error,\nso that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- can stop its processing. For shell scripts this\nmeans that you
+(EM
+-almost always
+)EM
+- need to use
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- (this is\nusually true when writing shell scripts, in fact). It is also\nimportant, of course, that they don't exit with a non-zero status if\neverything went well.
+L1821
+)P
+(P
+L1822
+-\nIt is necessary for the error recovery procedures that the scripts be\nidempotent: ie, invoking the same script several times in the same\nsituation should do no harm. If the first call failed, or aborted\nhalf way through for some reason, the second call should merely do the\nthings that were left undone the first time, if any, and exit with a\nsuccess status.
+L1829
+)P
+(P
+L1830
+-\nWhen a package is upgraded a combination of the scripts from the old\nand new packages is called in amongst the other steps of the upgrade\nprocedure. If your scripts are going to be at all complicated you\nneed to be aware of this, and may need to check the arguments to your\nscripts.
+L1836
+)P
+(P
+L1837
+-\nBroadly speaking the
+(PRGN
+-preinst
+)PRGN
+- is called before (a particular\nversion of) a package is installed, and the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- afterwards;\nthe
+(PRGN
+-prerm
+)PRGN
+- before (a version of) a package is removed and the\n
+(PRGN
+-postrm
+)PRGN
+- afterwards.\n\n
+L1844
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA mscriptsinstact
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called
+L1845
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1846
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1848
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+L1849
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1850
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1851
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1852
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1853
+)P
+(P
+L1854
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1856
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-configure
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-most-recently-configured-version
+)VAR
+L1857
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new version
+)VAR
+L1858
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-remove
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1860
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-deconfigure
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-failed-install-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(TT
+-removing
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1863
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1864
+)P
+(P
+L1865
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1867
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+L1868
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1869
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-failed-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1870
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-\n
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1872
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-deconfigure
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(TT
+-removing
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1875
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1876
+)P
+(P
+L1877
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1879
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+L1880
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-purge
+)TT
+L1881
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1882
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-failed-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1883
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-install
+)TT
+L1884
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-install
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1885
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1886
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-disappearer's-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-disappear
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-overwriter
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1887
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n\n
+L1890
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade
+L1891
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1892
+-\nThe procedure on installation/upgrade/overwrite/disappear (ie, when\nrunning
+(TT
+-dpkg --unpack
+)TT
+-, or the unpack stage of
+(TT
+-dpkg\n--install
+)TT
+-) is as follows. In each case if an error occurs the\nactions in are general run backwards - this means that the maintainer\nscripts are run with different arguments in reverse order. These are\nthe `error unwind' calls listed below.\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1901
+(ITEM
+L1903
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1904
+(ITEM
+L1905
+(P
+-If a version the package is already\ninstalled, call\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1908
+(VAR
+-old-prerm
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1909
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1911
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1912
+(P
+-If this gives an error (ie, a non-zero exit status), dpkg will\nattempt instead:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1915
+(VAR
+-new-prerm
+)VAR
+- failed-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1916
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind, for both the above cases:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1919
+(VAR
+-old-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1920
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1922
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1924
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1925
+(P
+-If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1928
+(ITEM
+L1929
+(P
+-If any packages depended on that conflicting package and\n
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- is specified, call, for each such package:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1932
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-prerm
+)VAR
+- deconfigure \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- \\\n removing
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1935
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1938
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-deconfigure \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed-but-failed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- \\\n removing
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1941
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so\nthat if
+(TT
+---install
+)TT
+- is used they will be configured again if\npossible.\n
+L1946
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1947
+(P
+-To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1949
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-prerm
+)VAR
+- remove in-favour
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1950
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1953
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-remove \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1955
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1957
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1959
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1960
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1961
+(ITEM
+L1962
+(P
+-If the package is being upgraded, call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1964
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1965
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1967
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1968
+(P
+-Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous\nversion installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1971
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- install
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1972
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1974
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1975
+(P
+-Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1977
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- install
+L1978
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind versions, respectively:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1981
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-install
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-install
+L1984
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1986
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1988
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1989
+(P
+-The new package's files are unpacked, overwriting any that may be on\nthe system already, for example any from the old version of the same\npackage or from another package (backups of the old files are left\naround, and if anything goes wrong dpkg will attempt to put them back\nas part of the error unwind).
+L1994
+)P
+(P
+L1995
+-\nIt is an error for a package to contains files which are on the system\nin another package, unless
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- is used (see\n
+AID CDATA replaces
+(REF
+)REF
+-). Currently the
+(TT
+---force-overwrite
+)TT
+- flag is\nenabled, downgrading it to a warning, but this may not always be the\ncase.
+L2001
+)P
+(P
+L2002
+-\nPackages which overwrite each other's files produce behaviour which\nthough deterministic is hard for the system administrator to\nunderstand. It can easily lead to `missing' programs if, for example,\na package is installed which overwrites a file from another package,\nand is then removed again.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Part of the problem is due to what\nis arguably a bug in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L2010
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2012
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2013
+(ITEM
+L2014
+(P
+-If the package is being upgraded, call\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2016
+(VAR
+-old-postrm
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L2017
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2019
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2020
+(P
+-If this fails,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will attempt:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2022
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- failed-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L2023
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind, for both cases:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2026
+(VAR
+-old-preinst
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L2027
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2029
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n\nThis is the point of no return - if
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- gets this far, it won't\nback off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the\npackage in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful\nreinstallation to clear up, but it's when
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- starts doing\nthings that are irreversible.\n
+L2037
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2038
+(P
+-Any files which were in the old version of the package but not in the\nnew are removed.\n
+L2041
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2042
+(P
+-The new file list replaces the old.\n
+L2044
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2045
+(P
+-The new maintainer scripts replace the old.\n
+L2047
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2048
+(P
+-Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the\ninstallation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered\nto have been removed. For each such package,\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2053
+(ITEM
+L2054
+(P
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- calls:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2056
+(VAR
+-disappearer's-postrm
+)VAR
+- disappear \\\n
+(VAR
+-overwriter
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-overwriter-version
+)VAR
+L2058
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2060
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2061
+(P
+-The package's maintainer scripts are removed.\n
+L2063
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2064
+(P
+-It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely\nnot installed (any conffiles it may have are ignored, rather than\nbeing removed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-). Note that disappearing packages do not\nhave their prerm called, because
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- doesn't know in advance\nthat the package is going to vanish.\n
+L2070
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L2072
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2073
+(P
+-Any files in the package we're unpacking that are also listed in the\nfile lists of other packages are removed from those lists. (This will\nlobotomise the file list of the `conflicting' package if there is one.)\n
+L2077
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2078
+(P
+-The backup files made during installation, above, are deleted.\n
+L2080
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2081
+(P
+-The new package's status is now sane, and recorded as `unpacked'. Here\nis another point of no return - if the conflicting package's removal\nfails we do not unwind the rest of the installation; the conflicting\npackage is left in a half-removed limbo.\n
+L2086
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2087
+(P
+-If there was a conflicting package we go and do the removal actions\n(described below), starting with the removal of the conflicting\npackage's files (any that are also in the package being installed\nhave already been removed from the conflicting package's file list,\nand so do not get removed now).\n
+L2093
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L2095
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of configuration
+L2096
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2097
+-\nWhen we configure a package (this happens with
+(TT
+-dpkg --install
+)TT
+-, or\nwith
+(TT
+---configure
+)TT
+-), we first update the conffiles and then call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2101
+(VAR
+-postinst
+)VAR
+- configure
+(VAR
+-most-recently-configured-version
+)VAR
+L2102
+)EXAMPLE
+L2103
+)P
+(P
+L2104
+-\nNo attempt is made to unwind after errors during configuration.
+L2106
+)P
+(P
+L2107
+-\nIf there is no most recently configured version
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will pass a\nnull argument; older versions of dpkg may pass\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|unknown\|>\|
+)TT
+- (including the angle brackets) in this case.\nEven older ones do not pass a second argument at all, under any\ncircumstances.\n
+L2114
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of removal and/or configuration purging
+L2115
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2116
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2118
+(ITEM
+L2119
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2120
+(VAR
+-prerm
+)VAR
+- remove
+L2121
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2123
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2124
+(P
+-The package's files are removed (except conffiles).\n
+L2126
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2127
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2128
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+- remove
+L2129
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2131
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2132
+(P
+-All the maintainer scripts except the postrm are removed.
+L2133
+)P
+(P
+L2134
+-\nIf we aren't purging the package we stop here. Note that packages\nwhich have no postrm and no conffiles are automatically purged when\nremoved, as there is no difference except for the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- status.\n
+L2139
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2140
+(P
+-The conffiles and any backup files (
+(TT
+-~
+)TT
+--files,
+(TT
+-#*#
+)TT
+- files,\n
+(TT
+-%
+)TT
+--files,
+(TT
+-.dpkg-{old,new,tmp}
+)TT
+-, etc.) are removed.\n
+L2143
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2144
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2145
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+- purge
+L2146
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2148
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2149
+(P
+-The package's file list is removed.\n
+L2151
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n\nNo attempt is made to unwind after errors during removal.\n\n
+L2156
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA descriptions
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Descriptions of packages - the\n
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field
+L2158
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2159
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- control file field is used by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- when\nthe user is selecting which packages to install and by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nwhen it displays information about the status of packages and so\nforth. It is included on the FTP site in the
+(PRGN
+-Packages
+)PRGN
+- files,\nand may also be used by the Debian WWW pages.
+L2165
+)P
+(P
+L2166
+-\nThe description is intended to describe the program to a user who has\nnever met it before so that they know whether they want to install it.\nIt should also give information about the significant dependencies and\nconflicts between this package and others, so that the user knows why\nthese dependencies and conflicts have been declared.
+L2172
+)P
+(P
+L2173
+-\nThe field's format is as follows:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2176
+-Description:
+(VAR
+-single line synopsis
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-extended description over several lines
+)VAR
+L2178
+)EXAMPLE
+L2179
+)P
+(P
+L2180
+-\nThe synopsis is often printed in lists of packages and so forth, and\nshould be as informative as possible. Every package should also have\nan extended description.
+L2184
+)P
+(P
+L2186
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Types of formatting line in the extended description
+L2187
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2188
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(LIST
+L2190
+(ITEM
+L2191
+(P
+-Those starting with a single space are part of a paragraph.\nSuccessive lines of this form will be word-wrapped when displayed.\nThe leading space will usually be stripped off.\n
+L2195
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2196
+(P
+-Those starting with two or more spaces. These will be displayed\nverbatim. If the display cannot be panned horizontally the\ndisplaying program will linewrap them `hard' (ie, without taking\naccount of word breaks). If it can they will be allowed to trail\noff to the right. None, one or two initial spaces may be deleted,\nbut the number of spaces deleted from each line will be the same\n(so that you can have indenting work correctly, for example).\n
+L2204
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2205
+(P
+-Those containing a single space followed by a single full stop\ncharacter. These are rendered as blank lines. This is the
+(EM
+-only
+)EM
+-\nway to get a blank line - see below.\n
+L2209
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2210
+(P
+-Those containing a space, a full stop and some more characters. These\nare for future expansion. Do not use them.
+L2212
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L2214
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Notes about writing descriptions
+L2215
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2216
+-\n
+(EM
+-Always
+)EM
+- start extended description lines with at least one\nwhitespace character. Fields in the control file and in the Packages\nfile are separated by field names starting in the first column, just\nas message header fields are in RFC822. Forgetting the whitespace\nwill cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Version 0.93.23 or\nlater.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- to produce a syntax error when trying to build the\npackage. If you force it to build anyway
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will refuse to\ninstall the resulting mess.
+L2225
+)P
+(P
+L2226
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include any completely
+(EM
+-empty
+)EM
+- lines. These separate\ndifferent records in the Packages file and different packages in the\n
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file, and are forbidden in package control\nfiles. See the previous paragraph for what happens if you get this\nwrong.
+L2232
+)P
+(P
+L2233
+-\nThe single line synopsis should be kept brief - certainly under 80\ncharacters.
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- displays between 25 and 49 characters\nwithout panning if you're using an 80-column terminal, depending on\nwhat display options are in effect.
+L2238
+)P
+(P
+L2239
+-\nDo not include the package name in the synopsis line. The display\nsoftware knows how to display this already, and you do not need to\nstate it. Remember that in many situations the user may only see\nthe synopsis line - make it as informative as you can.
+L2244
+)P
+(P
+L2245
+-\nThe extended description should describe what the package does and\nhow it relates to the rest of the system (in terms of, for\nexample, which subsystem it is which part of).
+L2249
+)P
+(P
+L2250
+-\nThe blurb that comes with a program in its announcements and/or\n
+(PRGN
+-README
+)PRGN
+- files is rarely suitable for use in a description. It\nis usually aimed at people who are already in the community where the\npackage is used. The description field needs to make sense to anyone,\neven people who have no idea about any of the\nthings the package deals with.
+L2257
+)P
+(P
+L2258
+-\nPut important information first, both in the synopis and extended\ndescription. Sometimes only the first part of the synopsis or of\nthe description will be displayed. You can assume that there will\nusually be a way to see the whole extended description.
+L2263
+)P
+(P
+L2264
+-\nYou may include information about dependencies and so forth in the\nextended description, if you wish.
+L2267
+)P
+(P
+L2268
+-\nDo not use tab characters. Their effect is not predictable.
+L2270
+)P
+(P
+L2271
+-\nDo not try to linewrap the summary (the part on the same line as the\nfield name
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+-) into the extended description. This will\nnot work correctly when the full description is displayed, and makes\nno sense where only the summary is available.\n
+L2277
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Example description in control file for Smail
+L2278
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2279
+-\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2281
+-Package: smail\nVersion: 3.1.29.1-13\nMaintainer: Ian Jackson \|<\|iwj10@cus.cam.ac.uk\|>\|\nRecommends: pine | mailx | elm | emacs | mail-user-agent\nSuggests: metamail\nDepends: cron, libc5\nConflicts: sendmail\nProvides: mail-transport-agent\nDescription: Electronic mail transport system.\n Smail is the recommended mail transport agent (MTA) for Debian.\n .\n An MTA is the innards of the mail system - it takes messages from\n user-friendly mailer programs and arranges for them to be delivered\n locally or passed on to other systems as required.\n .\n In order to make use of it you must have one or more user level\n mailreader programs such as elm, pine, mailx or Emacs (which has Rmail\n and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other\n than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate\n and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other\n than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate\n networking support, in the form of IP or UUCP.
+L2303
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2305
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA relationships
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Declaring relationships between packages
+L2306
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2307
+-\nPackages can declare in their control file that they have certain\nrelationships to other packages - for example, that they may not be\ninstalled at the same time as certain other packages, and/or that they\ndepend on the presence of others, or that they should overwrite files\nin certain other packages if present.
+L2313
+)P
+(P
+L2314
+-\nThis is done using the
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- control file fields.
+L2317
+)P
+(P
+L2319
+)P
+AID CDATA depsyntax
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Syntax of relationship fields
+L2320
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2321
+-\nThese fields all have a uniform syntax. They are a list of package\nnames separated by commas.
+L2324
+)P
+(P
+L2325
+-\nIn
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-\n(the fields which declare dependencies of the package in which they\noccur on other packages) these package names may also be lists of\nalternative package names, separated by vertical bar symbols
+(TT
+-|
+)TT
+-\n(pipe symbols).
+L2331
+)P
+(P
+L2332
+-\nAll the fields except
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- may restrict their applicability\nto particular versions of each named package. This is done in\nparentheses after each individual package name; the parentheses should\ncontain a relation from the list below followed by a version number,\nin the format described in
+AID CDATA versions
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L2338
+)P
+(P
+L2339
+-\nThe relations allowed are\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|\|<\|
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|=
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-=
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-\|>\|=
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-\|>\|\|>\|
+)TT
+-\nfor strictly earlier, earlier or equal, exactly equal, later or equal\nand strictly later, respectively. The forms
+(TT
+-\|<\|
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-\|>\|
+)TT
+-\nwere used to mean earlier/later or equal, rather than strictly\nearlier/later, so they should not appear in new packages (though\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- still supports them).
+L2351
+)P
+(P
+L2352
+-\nWhitespace may appear at any point in the version specification, and\nmust appear where it's necessary to disambiguate; it is not otherwise\nsignificant. For consistency and in case of future changes to\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- it is recommended that a single space be used after a\nversion relationship and before a version number; it is usual also to\nput a single space after each comma, on either side of each vertical\nbar, and before each open parenthesis.
+L2360
+)P
+(P
+L2361
+-\nFor example:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2364
+-Package: metamail\nVersion: 2.7-3\nDepends: libc5 (>= 5.2.18-4), mime-support, csh | tcsh
+L2367
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2369
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies -
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+L2370
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2371
+-\nThese four fields are used to declare a dependency by one package on\nanother. They appear in the depending package's control file.
+L2374
+)P
+(P
+L2375
+-\nAll but
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+- (discussed below) take effect
+(EM
+-only
+)EM
+- when\na package is to be configured. They do not prevent a package being on\nthe system in an unconfigured state while its dependencies are\nunsatisfied, and it is possible to replace a package whose\ndependencies are satisfied and which is properly installed with a\ndifferent version whose dependencies are not and cannot be satisfied;\nwhen this is done the depending package will be left unconfigured\n(since attempts to configure it will give errors) and will not\nfunction properly.
+L2385
+)P
+(P
+L2386
+-\nFor this reason packages in an installation run are usually all\nunpacked first and all configured later; this gives later versions of\npackages with dependencies on later versions of other packages the\nopportunity to have their dependencies satisfied.
+L2391
+)P
+(P
+L2392
+-\nThus
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- allows package maintainers to impose an order in\nwhich packages should be configured.\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L2397
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+L2398
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2400
+(P
+-This declares an absolute dependency.
+L2401
+)P
+(P
+L2402
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will not configure\npackages whose dependencies aren't satisfied. If it is asked to make\nan installation which would cause an installed package's dependencies\nto become unsatisfied it will complain
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Current versions\n(1.2.4) of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- have a bug in this area which will cause some of\nthese problems to be ignored.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-, unless\n
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- is specified, in which case those packages\nwill be deconfigured before the installation proceeds.
+L2411
+)P
+(P
+L2412
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- makes it hard for the user to select packages for\ninstallation, removal or upgrade in a way that would mean that\npackages'
+(PRGN
+-Depends
+)PRGN
+- fields would be unsatisfied. The user can\noverride this if they wish, for example if they know that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-\nhas an out-of-date view of the real package relationships.
+L2418
+)P
+(P
+L2419
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- field should be used if the depended-on package is\nrequired for the depending package to provide a significant amount of\nfunctionality.\n
+L2424
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+L2425
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2426
+(P
+-This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.
+L2427
+)P
+(P
+L2428
+-\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- is ignored by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, so that users using the\ncommand-line (who are presumed to know what they're doing) will not be\nimpeded.
+L2432
+)P
+(P
+L2433
+-\nIt is treated by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- exactly as
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- is; this makes\nit hard for the user to select things so as to leave
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\nfields unsatisfied, but they are able to do so by being persistent.
+L2437
+)P
+(P
+L2438
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- field should list packages that would be found\ntogether with this one in all but unusual installations.\n
+L2442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+L2443
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2445
+(P
+-This is used to declare that one package may be more useful with one\nor more others. Using this field tells the packaging system and the\nuser that the listed packages are be related to this one and can\nperhaps enhance its usefulness, but that installing this one without\nthem is perfectly reasonable.
+L2450
+)P
+(P
+L2451
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will offer suggsted packages to the system administrator\nwhen they select the suggesting package, but the default is not to\ninstall the suggested package.\n
+L2456
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+L2457
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2459
+(P
+-This field is like
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-, except that it also forces
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nto complete installation of the packages named before even starting\nthe installation of the package which declares the predependency.
+L2462
+)P
+(P
+L2463
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- checks for predependencies when it is doing an\ninstallation run, and will attempt to find the packages which are\nrequired to be installed first and do so in the right order.
+L2467
+)P
+(P
+L2468
+-\nHowever, this process is slow (because it requires repeated\ninvocations of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-) and troublesome (because it requires\nguessing where to find the appropriate files).
+L2472
+)P
+(P
+L2473
+-\nFor these reasons, and because this field imposes restrictions on the\norder in which packages may be unpacked (which can be difficult for\ninstallations from multipart media, for example),
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-\nshould be used sparingly, preferably only by packages whose premature\nupgrade or installation would hamper the ability of the system to\ncontinue with any upgrade that might be in progress.
+L2480
+)P
+(P
+L2481
+-\nWhen the package declaring it is being configured, a\n
+(TT
+-Pre-Dependency
+)TT
+- will be considered satisfied only if the depending\npackage has been correctly configured, just as if an ordinary\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- had been used.
+L2486
+)P
+(P
+L2487
+-\nHowever, when a package declaring a predependency is being unpacked\nthe predependency can be satisfied even if the depended-on package(s)\nare only unpacked or half-configured, provided that they have been\nconfigured correctly at some point in the past (and not removed or\npartially removed since). In this case both the previously-configured\nand currently unpacked or half-configured versions must satisfy any\nversion clause in the
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+- field.\n
+L2496
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L2498
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies on shared libraries
+L2499
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2500
+-\nThe dependency fields listed above are used by packages which need\nshared libraries to declare dependencies on the appropriate packages.
+L2503
+)P
+(P
+L2504
+-\nThese dependencies are usually determined automatically using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- and inserted in the package control file using\nthe control file substitution variables mechanism; see
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+(REF
+)REF
+L2508
+- and
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+(REF
+)REF
+-.\n
+L2510
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Deconfiguration due to removal during bulk installations
+L2511
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2512
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- would like to remove a package due to a conflict, as\ndescribed above, but this would violate a dependency of some other\npackage on the system,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will usually not remove the\nconflicting package and halt with an error.
+L2517
+)P
+(P
+L2518
+-\nHowever, if the
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- (
+(TT
+--B
+)TT
+-) option is used\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will automatically `deconfigure' the package with the\nproblematic dependency, so that the conflicting package can be removed\nand the package we're trying to install can be installed. If\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is being asked to install packages (rather than just\nunpacking them) it will try to reconfigure the package when it has\nunpacked all its arguments, in the hope that one of the other packages\nit is installing will satisfy the problematic dependency.
+L2527
+)P
+(P
+L2528
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- supplies this argument to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when it invokes it,\nso that bulk installations proceed smoothly.\n
+L2532
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA conflicts
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Alternative packages -
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L2533
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2534
+-\nWhen one package declares a conflict with another
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will\nrefuse to allow them to be installed on the system at the same time.
+L2537
+)P
+(P
+L2538
+-\nIf one package is to be installed, the other must be removed first -\nif the package being installed is marked as replacing (
+AID CDATA replaces
+(REF
+)REF
+L2541
+-) the one on the system, or the one on the system is\nmarked as deselected, or both packages are marked
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+-, then\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will automatically remove the package which is causing the\nconflict, otherwise it will halt the installation of the new package\nwith an error.
+L2546
+)P
+(P
+L2547
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- makes it hard to select conflicting packages, though the\nuser can override this if they wish. If they do not override it then\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will select one of the packages for removal, and the user\nmust make sure it is the right one. In the future
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will\nlook for the presence of a
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- field to help decide which\npackage should be installed and which removed.
+L2554
+)P
+(P
+L2555
+-\nA package will not cause a conflict merely because its configuration\nfiles are still installed; it must be at least half-installed.
+L2558
+)P
+(P
+L2559
+-\nA special exception is made for packages which declare a conflict with\ntheir own package name, or with a virtual package which they provide\n(see below): this does not prevent their installation, and allows a\npackage to conflict with others providing a replacement for it. You\nuse this feature when you want the package in question to be the only\npackage providing something.
+L2566
+)P
+(P
+L2567
+-\nA
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- entry should almost never have an `earlier than'\nversion clause. This would prevent
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- from upgrading or\ninstalling the package which declared such a conflict until the\nupgrade or removal of the conflicted-with package had been completed.\nThis aspect of installation ordering is not handled by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-,\nso that the use
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- in this way is likely to cause problems\nfor `bulk run' upgrades and installations.
+L2575
+)P
+(P
+L2576
+-\n
+L2578
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA virtual
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Virtual packages -
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+L2579
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2580
+-\nAs well as the names of actual (`concrete') packages, the package\nrelationship fields
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- may mention virtual packages.
+L2584
+)P
+(P
+L2585
+-\nA virtual package is one which appears in the
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- control\nfile field of another package. The effect is as if the package(s)\nwhich provide a particular virtual package name had been listed by\nname everywhere were the virtual package name appears.
+L2590
+)P
+(P
+L2591
+-\nIf there are both a real and a virtual package of the same name then\nthe dependency may be satisfied (or the conflict caused) by either the\nreal package or any of the virtual packages which provide it. This is\nso that, for example, supposing we have\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2597
+-Package: vm\nDepends: emacs
+L2599
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand someone else releases an xemacs package they can say\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2602
+-Package: xemacs\nProvides: emacs
+L2604
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand all will work in the interim (until a purely virtual package name\nis decided on and the
+(TT
+-emacs
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-vm
+)TT
+- packages are changed to\nuse it).
+L2608
+)P
+(P
+L2609
+-\nIf a dependency or a conflict has a version number attached then only\nreal packages will be considered to see whether the relationship is\nsatisfied (or the prohibition violated, for a conflict) - it is\nassumed that a real package which provides virtual package is not of\nthe `right' version. So, a
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- field may not contain\nversion numbers, and the version number of the concrete package which\nprovides a particular virtual package will not be looked at when\nconsidering a dependency on or conflict with the virtual package name.
+L2618
+)P
+(P
+L2619
+-\nIf you want to specify which of a set of real packages should be the\ndefault to satisfy a particular dependency on a virtual package, you\nshould list the real package as alternative before the virtual.
+L2623
+)P
+(P
+L2624
+-\n
+L2626
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA replaces
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- - overwriting files and replacing packages
+L2627
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2628
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- control file field has two purposes, which come into\nplay in different situations.
+L2631
+)P
+(P
+L2632
+-\nVirtual packages (
+AID CDATA virtual
+(REF
+)REF
+-) are not considered when looking\nat a
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- field - the packages declared as being replaced\nmust be mentioned by their real names.\n
+L2637
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Overwriting files in other packages
+L2638
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2639
+-\nFirstly, as mentioned before, it is usually an error for a package to\ncontains files which are on the system in another package, though\ncurrently the
+(TT
+---force-overwrite
+)TT
+- flag is enabled by default,\ndowngrading the error to a warning,
+L2644
+)P
+(P
+L2645
+-\nIf the overwriting package declares that it replaces the one\ncontaining the file being overwritten then
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will proceed, and\nreplace the file from the old package with that from the new. The\nfile will no longer be listed as `owned' by the old package.
+L2650
+)P
+(P
+L2651
+-\nIf a package is completely replaced in this way, so that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\ndoes not know of any files it still contains, it is considered to have\ndisappeared. It will be marked as not wanted on the system (selected\nfor removal) and not installed. Any conffiles details noted in the\npackage will be ignored, as they will have been taken over by the\nreplacing package(s). The package's
+(PRGN
+-postrm
+)PRGN
+- script will be run to\nallow the package to do any final cleanup required.\nSee
+AID CDATA mscriptsinstact
+(REF
+)REF
+-.
+L2660
+)P
+(P
+L2661
+-\nIn the future
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will discard files which overwrite those from\nanother package which declares that it replaces the one being\ninstalled (so that you can install an older version of a package\nwithout problems).
+L2666
+)P
+(P
+L2667
+-\nThis usage of
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- only takes effect when both packages are\nat least partially on the system at once, so that it can only happen\nif they do not conflict or if the conflict has been overridden.\n
+L2672
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal
+L2673
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2674
+-\nSecondly,
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- allows
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- to resolve\nwhich package should be removed when a conflict - see\n
+AID CDATA conflicts
+(REF
+)REF
+-. This usage only takes effect when the two\npackages
+(EM
+-do
+)EM
+- conflict, so that the two effects do not interfere\nwith each other.
+L2680
+)P
+(P
+L2682
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Defaults for satisfying dependencies - ordering
+L2683
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2684
+-\nOrdering is significant in dependency fields.
+L2686
+)P
+(P
+L2687
+-\nUsually dselect will suggest to the user that they select the package\nwith the most `fundamental' class (eg, it will prefer Base packages to\nOptional ones), or the one that they `most wanted' to select in some\nsense.
+L2692
+)P
+(P
+L2693
+-\nIn the absence of other information
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will offer a\ndefault selection of the first named package in a list of\nalternatives.
+L2697
+)P
+(P
+L2698
+-\nHowever, there is no way to specify the `order' of several packages\nwhich all provide the same thing, when that thing is listed as a\ndependency.
+L2702
+)P
+(P
+L2703
+-\nTherefore a dependency on a virtual package should contain a concrete\npackage name as the first alternative, so that this is the default.
+L2706
+)P
+(P
+L2707
+-\nFor example, consider the set of packages:\n\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2711
+-Package: glibcdoc\nRecommends: info-browser\n\nPackage: info\nProvides: info-browser\n\nPackage: emacs\nProvides: info-browser
+L2719
+)EXAMPLE
+L2720
+)P
+(P
+L2721
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-emacs
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-info
+)PRGN
+- both have the same priority then\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s choice is essentially random. Better would be\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2725
+-Package: glibcdoc\nRecommends: info | info-browser
+L2727
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nso that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- defaults to selecting the lightweight standalone\ninfo browser.\n\n\n
+L2733
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA conffiles
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration file handling
+L2734
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2735
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- can do a certain amount of automatic handling of package\nconfiguration files.
+L2738
+)P
+(P
+L2739
+-\nWhether this mechanism is appropriate depends on a number of factors,\nbut basically there are two approaches to any particular configuration\nfile.
+L2743
+)P
+(P
+L2744
+-\nThe easy method is to ship a best-effort configuration in the package,\nand use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conffile mechanism to handle updates. If the user\nis unlikely to want to edit the file, but you need them to be able to\nwithout losing their changes, and a new package with a changed version\nof the file is only released infrequently, this is a good approach.
+L2750
+)P
+(P
+L2751
+-\nThe hard method is to build the configuration file from scratch in the\n
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script, and to take the responsibility for fixing any\nmistakes made in earlier versions of the package automatically. This\nwill be appropriate if the file is likely to need to be different on\neach system.\n
+L2758
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Automatic handling of configuration files by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+L2759
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2760
+-\nA package may contain a control area file called
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+-. This\nfile should be a list of filenames of configuration files needing\nautomatic handling, separated by newlines. The filenames should be\nabsolute pathnames, and the files referred to should actually exist in\nthe package.
+L2766
+)P
+(P
+L2767
+-\nWhen a package is upgraded
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will process the configuration\nfiles during the configuration stage, shortly before it runs the\npackage's
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script,
+L2771
+)P
+(P
+L2772
+-\nFor each file it checks to see whether the version of the file\nincluded in the package is the same as the one that was included in\nthe last version of the package (the one that is being upgraded\nfrom); it also compares the version currently installed on the system\nwith the one shipped with the last version.
+L2778
+)P
+(P
+L2779
+-\nIf neither the user nor the package maintainer has changed the file,\nit is left alone. If one or the other has changed their version, then\nthe changed version is preferred - ie, if the user edits their file,\nbut the package maintainer doesn't ship a different version, the\nuser's changes will stay, silently, but if the maintainer ships a new\nversion and the user hasn't edited it the new version will be\ninstalled (with an informative message). If both have changed their\nversion the user is prompted about the problem and must resolve the\ndifferences themselves.
+L2789
+)P
+(P
+L2790
+-\nThe comparisons are done by calculating the MD5 message digests of the\nfiles, and storing the MD5 of the file as it was included in the most\nrecent version of the package.
+L2794
+)P
+(P
+L2795
+-\nWhen a package is installed for the first time
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will install\nthe file that comes with it, unless that would mean overwriting a file\nalready on the filesystem.
+L2799
+)P
+(P
+L2800
+-\nHowever, note that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- replace a conffile that\nwas removed by the user (or by a script). This is necessary because\nwith some programs a missing file produces an effect hard or\nimpossible to achieve in another way, so that a missing file needs to\nbe kept that way if the user did it.
+L2806
+)P
+(P
+L2807
+-\nNote that a package should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- modify a
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+--handled\nconffile in its maintainer scripts. Doing this will lead to\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- giving the user confusing and possibly dangerous options\nfor conffile update when the package is upgraded.\n
+L2813
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Fully-featured maintainer script configuration handling
+L2814
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2815
+-\nFor files which contain site-specific information such as the hostname\nand networking details and so forth, it is better to create the file\nin the package's
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script.
+L2819
+)P
+(P
+L2820
+-\nThis will typically involve examining the state of the rest of the\nsystem to determine values and other information, and may involve\nprompting the user for some information which can't be obtained some\nother way.
+L2825
+)P
+(P
+L2826
+-\nWhen using this method there are a couple of important issues which\nshould be considered:
+L2829
+)P
+(P
+L2830
+-\nIf you discover a bug in the program which generates the configuration\nfile, or if the format of the file changes from one version to the\nnext, you will have to arrange for the postinst script to do something\nsensible - usually this will mean editing the installed configuration\nfile to remove the problem or change the syntax. You will have to do\nthis very carefully, since the user may have changed the file, perhaps\nto fix the very problem that your script is trying to deal with - you\nwill have to detect these situations and deal with them correctly.
+L2839
+)P
+(P
+L2840
+-\nIf you do go down this route it's probably a good idea to make the\nprogram that generates the configuration file(s) a separate program in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin
+)TT
+-, by convention called
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-config
+)TT
+- and\nthen run that if appropriate from the post-installation script. The\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-config
+)TT
+- program should not unquestioningly overwrite\nan existing configuration - if its mode of operation is geared towards\nsetting up a package for the first time (rather than any arbitrary\nreconfiguration later) you should have it check whether the\nconfiguration already exists, and require a
+(TT
+---force
+)TT
+- flag to\noverwrite it.\n\n\n
+L2854
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA alternatives
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Alternative versions of an interface -\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+L2856
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2857
+-\nWhen several packages all provide different versions of the same\nprogram or file it is useful to have the system select a default, but\nto allow the system administrator to change it and have their\ndecisions respected.
+L2862
+)P
+(P
+L2863
+-\nFor example, there are several versions of the
+(PRGN
+-vi
+)PRGN
+- editor, and\nthere is no reason to prevent all of them from being installed at\nonce, each under their own name (
+(PRGN
+-nvi
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-vim
+)PRGN
+- or whatever).\nNevertheless it is desirable to have the name
+(TT
+-vi
+)TT
+- refer to\nsomething, at least by default.
+L2869
+)P
+(P
+L2870
+-\nIf all the packages involved cooperate, this can be done with\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+-.
+L2873
+)P
+(P
+L2874
+-\nEach package provides its own version under its own name, and calls\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+- in its postinst to register its version\n(and again in its prerm to deregister it).
+L2878
+)P
+(P
+L2879
+-\nSee the manpage
+ANAME CDATA update-alternatives
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for\ndetails.
+L2882
+)P
+(P
+L2883
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+- does not seem appropriate you may wish\nto consider using diversions instead.\n\n
+L2888
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA diversions
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Diversions - overriding a package's version of a file
+L2889
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2890
+-\nIt is possible to have
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- not overwrite a file when it\nreinstalls the package it belongs to, and to have it put the file from\nthe package somewhere else instead.
+L2894
+)P
+(P
+L2895
+-\nThis can be used locally to override a package's version of a file, or\nby one package to override another's version (or provide a wrapper for\nit).
+L2899
+)P
+(P
+L2900
+-\nBefore deciding to use a diversion, read
+AID CDATA alternatives
+(REF
+)REF
+- to\nsee if you really want a diversion rather than several alternative\nversions of a program.
+L2904
+)P
+(P
+L2905
+-\nThere is a diversion list, which is read by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, and updated\nby a special program
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+-. Please see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-divert
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L2908
+- for full details of its operation.
+L2909
+)P
+(P
+L2910
+-\nWhen a package wishes to divert a file from another, it should call\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+- in its preinst to add the diversion and rename the\nexisting file. For example, supposing that a
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+-\npackage wishes to install a wrapper around
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/smail
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2916
+-if [ install = "$1" ]; then\n dpkg-divert --package smailwrapper --add --rename \\\n\011\011--divert /usr/sbin/smail.real /usr/sbin/smail\nfi
+L2920
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nTesting
+(TT
+-$1
+)TT
+- is necessary so that the script doesn't try to add the\ndiversion again when
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+- is upgraded. The\n
+(TT
+---package smailwrapper
+)TT
+- ensures that
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+-'s copy of\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/smail
+)TT
+- can bypass the diversion and get installed as\nthe true version.
+L2926
+)P
+(P
+L2927
+-\nThe postrm has to do the reverse:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2930
+-if [ remove = "$1" ]; then\n dpkg-divert --package smailwrapper --remove --rename \\\n --divert /usr/sbin/smail.real /usr/sbin/smail\nfi
+L2934
+)EXAMPLE
+L2935
+)P
+(P
+L2936
+-\nDo not attempt to divert a file which is vitally important for the\nsystem's operation - when using
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+- there is a time,\nafter it has been diverted but before
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- has installed the\nnew version, when the file does not exist.\n\n
+L2943
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sharedlibs
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Shared libraries
+L2944
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2945
+-\nPackages containing shared libraries must be constructed with a little\ncare to make sure that the shared library is always available. This\nis especially important for packages whose shared libraries are\nvitally important, such as the libc.
+L2950
+)P
+(P
+L2951
+-\nFirstly, your package should install the shared libraries under their\nnormal names. For example, the
+(PRGN
+-libgdbm1
+)PRGN
+- package should install\n
+(TT
+-libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+- as
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+-. The\nfiles should not be renamed or relinked by any prerm or postrm\nscripts;
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will take care of renaming things safely without\naffecting running programs, and attempts to interfere with this are\nlikely to lead to problems.
+L2959
+)P
+(P
+L2960
+-\nSecondly, your package should include the symlink that
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+-\nwould create for the shared libraries. For example, the
+(PRGN
+-libgdbm1
+)PRGN
+-\npackage should include a symlink from
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1
+)TT
+-\nto
+(TT
+-libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+-. This is needed so that
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+- can find\nthe library in between the time
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- installs it and\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- is run in the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script. Futhermore, and
+(EM
+-this\nis very important
+)EM
+-, the symlink must be placed before the library it\npoints to in the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file. Currently the way to ensure the\nordering is done properly is to create the symlink in the appropriate\n
+(TT
+-debian/tmp/.../lib
+)TT
+- directory before installing the library\nwhen you build the package.
+L2972
+)P
+(P
+L2973
+-\nIf you do the above your package does not need to call
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+-\nin its maintainer scripts. It is especially important not to call\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- in the postrm or preinst scripts in the case where the\npackage is being upgraded (see the programmer's manual), as\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- will see the temporary names that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- uses for the\nfiles while it is installing them and will make the shared library\nlinks point to them, just before
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- continues the installation\nand removes the links!\n\n\n
+L2985
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sysvinit
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration of
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+L2986
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2988
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction to the
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scheme
+L2989
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2990
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- directory contains the scripts executed by\n
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+- when init state (or `runlevel') is changed (see
+ANAME CDATA init
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L2993
+-).
+L2994
+)P
+(P
+L2995
+-\nThese scripts are be referenced by symbolic links in the\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- directories. When changing runlevels, init\nlooks in the directory
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- for the scripts it\nshould execute, where
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+- is the runlevel that is being changed\nto.
+L3001
+)P
+(P
+L3002
+-\nThe names of the links all have the form
+(TT
+-S
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-K
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+)TT
+- where
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+- is a two-digit number and\n
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+- is the name of the script (this should be the same as the\nname of the actual script in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+-.\n\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+- changes runlevel first the targets of the links whose\nnames starting with a
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- are executed, each with the single\nargument
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, followed by the scripts prefixed with an
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+-,\neach with the single argument
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-. The
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- links are\nresponsible for killing services and the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- link for starting\nservices upon entering the runlevel.
+L3014
+)P
+(P
+L3015
+-\nFor example, if we are changing from runlevel 2 to runlevel 3, init\nwill first execute all of the
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- prefixed scripts it finds in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc3.d
+)TT
+-, and then all of the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- prefixed scripts. The\nlinks starting with
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- will cause the referred-to file to be\nexecuted with an argument of
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, and the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- links with an\nargument of
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-.
+L3022
+)P
+(P
+L3023
+-\nThe two-digit number
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+- is used to decide which order to start\nand stop things in - low-numbered links have their scripts run first.\nFor example, the
+(TT
+-K20
+)TT
+- scripts will be executed before the
+(TT
+-K30
+)TT
+-\nscripts. This is used when a certain service must be started before\nanother. For example, the name server
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+- might need to be\nstarted before the news server
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- so that
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- can set\nup its access lists. In this case, the script that starts
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+-\nshould have a lower number than the script that starts
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- so\nthat it runs first:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3034
+-/etc/rc2.d/S17bind\n/etc/rc2.d/S70inn
+L3036
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L3038
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Writing
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scripts
+L3039
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3040
+-\nPackages can and should place scripts in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- to start\nor stop services at boot time or during a change of runlevel. These\nscripts should be named
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, and they\nshould accept one argument, saying what to do:
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-, meaning to\nstarts the service, or
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, to stop the service. Optionally\nthey can support
+(TT
+-reload
+)TT
+- which causes the configuration to be\nreloaded.
+L3048
+)P
+(P
+L3049
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scripts should ensure that they will behave sensibly\nif invoked with
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+- when the service is already running, or\nwith
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+- when it isn't, and that they don't kill\nunfortunately-named user processes. The best way to achieve this is\nusually to use
+(PRGN
+-start-stop-daemon
+)PRGN
+-.
+L3055
+)P
+(P
+L3056
+-\nThese scripts should not fail obscurely when the configuration files\nremain but the package has been removed, as the default in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nis to leave configuration files on the system after the package has\nbeen removed. Only when it is executed with the
+(TT
+---purge
+)TT
+- option\nwill dpkg remove configuration files. Therefore, you should include a\n
+(TT
+-test
+)TT
+- statement at the top of the script, like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3064
+-test -f
+(VAR
+-program-executed-later-in-script
+)VAR
+- || exit 0
+L3065
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L3067
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Managing the
+(TT
+-rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- links -
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+L3068
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3069
+-\nA program is provided,
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, to make it easier for\npackage maintainers to arrange for the proper creation and removal of\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- symbolic links from their postinst and postrm\nscripts.
+L3074
+)P
+(P
+L3075
+-\nYou should use this script to make changes to
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+-\nand
+(EM
+-never
+)EM
+- include any
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\nthe actual archive.
+L3079
+)P
+(P
+L3080
+-\nBy default
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+- will start services in each of the\nmulti-user state runlevels (2, 3, 4, and 5) and stop them in the halt\nrunlevel (0), the single-user runlevel (1) and the reboot runlevel\n(6). The system administrator will have the opportunity to customize\nrunlevels by simply adding, moving, or removing the symbolic links in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+-.
+L3087
+)P
+(P
+L3088
+-\nTo get the default behaviour for your package, put in your postinst\nscript\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3092
+-update-rc.d
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- default \|>\|/dev/null
+L3093
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand in your postrm\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3096
+-if [ purge = "$1" ]; then\n update-rc.d
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- remove \|>\|/dev/null\nfi
+L3099
+)EXAMPLE
+L3100
+)P
+(P
+L3101
+-\nThis will use a default sequence number of 20. If it does not matter\nwhen or in which order the script is run, use this default. If it\ndoes, then you should talk to the maintainer of the
+(PRGN
+-sysvinit
+)PRGN
+-\npackage or post to
+(TT
+-debian-devel
+)TT
+-, and they will help you choose\na number.
+L3107
+)P
+(P
+L3108
+-\nFor more information about using
+(TT
+-update-rc.d
+)TT
+-, please consult its\nmanpage
+ANAME CDATA update-rc.d
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+-.\n
+L3112
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Boot-time initialisation -
+(TT
+-rc.boot
+)TT
+L3113
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3114
+-\nThere is another directory,
+(TT
+-/etc/rc.boot
+)TT
+-, which contains\nscripts which are run once per machine boot. This facility is\nprovided for initialisation of hardware devices, cleaning up of\nleftover files, and so forth.
+L3119
+)P
+(P
+L3120
+-\nFor example, the
+(PRGN
+-kbd
+)PRGN
+- package provides a script here for\ninitialising the keyboard layout and console font and mode.
+L3123
+)P
+(P
+L3124
+-\nThe files in
+(TT
+-/etc/rc.boot
+)TT
+- should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be links into\n
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- - they should be the scripts themselves.
+L3127
+)P
+(P
+L3128
+-\n
+(TT
+-rc.boot
+)TT
+- should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be used for starting general-purpose\ndaemons and similar activities. This should be done using the\n
+(TT
+-rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- scheme, above, so that the services can be started\nand stopped cleanly when the runlevel changes or the machine is to be\nshut down or rebooted.\n
+L3135
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Notes
+L3136
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3137
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include the
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d/*
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\nthe
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- filesystem archive!
+(EM
+-This will cause problems!
+)EM
+-\nYou should create them with
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, as above.
+L3141
+)P
+(P
+L3142
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include the
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d/*
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conffiles list!
+(EM
+-This will cause problems!
+)EM
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do
+)EM
+-, however, include the
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- scripts in conffiles.\n
+L3147
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Example
+L3148
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3149
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+- DNS (nameserver) package wants to make sure that the\nnameserver is running in multiuser runlevels, and is properly shut\ndown with the system. It puts a script in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+-, naming\nthe script appropriately
+(TT
+-bind
+)TT
+-. As you can see, the script\ninterprets the argument
+(TT
+-reload
+)TT
+- to send the nameserver a
+(TT
+-HUP
+)TT
+-\nsignal (causing it to reload its configuration); this way the user can\nsay
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/bind reload
+)TT
+- to reload the nameserver.
+L3157
+)P
+(P
+L3158
+-\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3160
+-#!/bin/sh\n# Original version by Robert Leslie \|<\|rob@mars.org\|>\|, edited by iwj\ntest -x /usr/sbin/named || exit 0\ncase "$1" in\n start)\n test -f /etc/named.boot -a -f /var/named/boot.options || exit 0\n start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n stop)\n start-stop-daemon --stop --verbose \\\n --pidfile /var/run/named.pid --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n reload)\n start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --verbose \\\n --pidfile /var/run/named.pid --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n *)\n echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/bind {start|stop|reload}" >&2\n exit 1\n ;;\nesac\nexit 0
+L3182
+)EXAMPLE
+L3183
+)P
+(P
+L3184
+-\nAnother example on which to base your
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- scripts is in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/skeleton
+)TT
+-.
+L3187
+)P
+(P
+L3188
+-\nIf this package is happy with the default setup from\n
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, namely an ordering number of 20 and having named\nrunning in all runlevels, it can say in its postinst:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3193
+-update-rc.d bind default >/dev/null
+L3194
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nAnd in its postrm, to remove the links when the package is purged:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3197
+-if [ purge = "$1" ]; then\n update-rc.d acct remove >/dev/null\nfi
+L3200
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n\n\n
+L3204
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA methif
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s interface to its installation methods
+L3205
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3206
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- calls scripts from its installation methods when it\nneeds to actually access data from the distribution. The core program\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- itself just calls these scripts and provides the\npackage and access method selection interfaces. The installation\nmethods are responsible for invoking
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- as appropriate.
+L3212
+)P
+(P
+L3213
+-\nEach installation method has three scripts:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L3216
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Setup installation parameters.
+L3217
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Update list of available packages.
+L3218
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Install.
+L3219
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L3220
+)P
+(P
+L3221
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- searches for methods in
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+-\nand
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+-.\n
+L3225
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Functions of the method scripts
+L3226
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3227
+-\nThe setup script is run just after the user has chosen an installation\nmethod. It should prompt the user for parameters like the site to\nNFS-mount or FTP from, the directory to use, or the directory or\nfilesystem where the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files can be found, or the tape or\nfloppy device to install from. It should store the responses under\n
+(TT
+-/var/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+- - see below. If no available\npackages list is available it should perhaps offer to scan the\navailable packages.
+L3236
+)P
+(P
+L3237
+-\nThe update script should obtain a list of available packages if\npossible, and run
+(TT
+-dpkg --update-avail
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-dpkg --merge-avail
+)TT
+-\nand/or
+(TT
+-dpkg --forget-old-unavail
+)TT
+- to load it into
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s database of available packages. If no packages list\nwas available and the user was offered and accepted the option of\nscanning the actual files available this scan should be done here,\nusing
+(TT
+-dpkg --record-avail
+)TT
+-.
+L3245
+)P
+(P
+L3246
+-\nThe install script should feed all the available
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files to\n
+(TT
+-dpkg --iGOEB
+)TT
+- (this is equivalent to
+(TT
+-dpkg --install\n--refuse-downgrade --selected-only --skip-same-version\n--auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+-). The
+(TT
+--R
+)TT
+- (
+(TT
+---recursive
+)TT
+-) option for\ntraversing subdirectories may also be useful here).
+L3252
+)P
+(P
+L3253
+-\nIf any of these scripts needs to display a message for the user, it\nshould wait for the user to hit `return' before exiting so that\ndselect doesn't immediately rewrite the screen.
+L3257
+)P
+(P
+L3258
+-\nIf a method script succeeds (returns a zero exit status)\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will return immediately to the main menu, with the\n`next' option highlighted ready for the user to select it. If it\nfails
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will display a message and wait for the user to\nhit return.\n
+L3265
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Location and arguments of the method scripts
+L3266
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3267
+-\nA set of scripts (henceforth known as a group) may provide several\nmethods on the `main menu' with different behaviour. For example,\nthere might be a generic get-packages-by-FTP group which might provide\nmethods in the main menu for installation directly from one of the\nDebian mirror sites as well as for installation from a user-specified\nsite.
+L3274
+)P
+(P
+L3275
+-\nEach group of methods implemented by the same set of scripts should\nhave a subdirectory
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, containing:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L3280
+(TAG
+(TT
+-names
+)TT
+L3281
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-a list of user-visible methods provided by these scripts.
+L3282
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-setup
+)TT
+L3283
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-update
+)TT
+L3284
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+L3285
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-executable programs, the scripts themselves.
+L3286
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-desc.
+(VAR
+-option
+)VAR
+)TT
+L3287
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-description file.
+L3288
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L3289
+)P
+(P
+L3290
+-\n
+(TT
+-names
+)TT
+- will be formatted as a list of lines, each containing:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3293
+(VAR
+-sequence
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-summary
+)VAR
+L3294
+)EXAMPLE
+L3295
+)P
+(P
+L3296
+-\n
+(VAR
+-sequence
+)VAR
+- is a two-digit number that will be used much like\n
+(TT
+-rc.d
+)TT
+- prefixes to control the order in the main menu. If in doubt\nuse 50.
+L3300
+)P
+(P
+L3301
+-\n
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+- is a name which is displayed by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- as the\nname of the method, and which will be passed to
+(TT
+-setup
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-update
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-unpack
+)TT
+- as their first argument.
+L3305
+)P
+(P
+L3306
+-\n
+(VAR
+-summary
+)VAR
+- is the brief description string for
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s menu.
+L3308
+)P
+(P
+L3309
+-\nEach of the three scripts gets the same three arguments:
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-,\n
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+-.
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+- is the base directory for\nstoring
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s state, usually\n
+(TT
+-/var/lib/dpkg
+)TT
+-; this is passed in so that the
+(TT
+---admindir
+)TT
+-\noption to
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- is honoured).
+L3315
+)P
+(P
+L3316
+-\nEach option may have an extended description in\n
+(TT
+-desc.
+(VAR
+-option
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. This should be formatted like the extended\ndescription part of a
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field entry
+(EM
+-shifted one\ncharacter to the left
+)EM
+-.
+L3321
+)P
+(P
+L3322
+-\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-/methods
+)TT
+- will exist, and a method group may use a\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+- directory to store its state.
+L3325
+)P
+(P
+L3326
+-\nThe group name and method name must follow the rules for C identifiers.\n
+L3329
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+)BOOK
+)DEBIANDOC
+C
--- /dev/null
+L13 programmer.sgml
+(DEBIANDOC
+(BOOK
+L15
+(TITLEPAG
+(TITLE
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers' manual
+L16
+)TITLE
+(AUTHOR
+(NAME
+-Ian Jackson
+)NAME
+(EMAIL
+-ijackson@gnu.ai.mit.edu
+)EMAIL
+L17
+)AUTHOR
+(VERSION
+-version 0.2.0.0 (dpkg 1.3.7),
+(DATE
+)DATE
+-\n
+L19
+)VERSION
+(ABSTRACT
+L20
+-This manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary\nand source packages. It also documents the interface between\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- and its access method scripts. It does not deal with\nthe Debian Project policy requirements, and it assumes familiarity\nwith
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s functions from the system administrator's\nperspective.\n
+L27
+)ABSTRACT
+(COPYRIGHT
+(COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+-Copyright \|©\|1996 Ian Jackson.
+L28
+)COPYRIGHTSUMMARY
+(P
+L29
+-\nThis manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it\nunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\nFree Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any\nlater version.
+L34
+)P
+(P
+L35
+-\nThis is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n
+(EM
+-without any warranty
+)EM
+-; without even the implied warranty of\nmerchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU\nGeneral Public License for more details.
+L40
+)P
+(P
+L41
+-\nYou should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License with\nyour Debian GNU/Linux system, in
+(TT
+-/usr/doc/copyright/GPL
+)TT
+-, or\nwith the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- source package as the file
+(TT
+-COPYING
+)TT
+-. If\nnot, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave,\nCambridge, MA 02139, USA.\n
+L48
+)P
+)COPYRIGHT
+)TITLEPAG
+L48 programmer.sgml
+ADETAIL TOKEN SECT
+(TOC
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-scope
+ACHAPT CDATA 1
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 1
+(TOCENTRY
+L67 programmer.sgml
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L68
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(TOCENTRY
+L124 programmer.sgml
+-Binary packages
+L125
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-bincreating
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L140 programmer.sgml
+-Creating package files -
+(PRGN
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+)PRGN
+L141
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-controlarea
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L197 programmer.sgml
+-Package control information files
+L198
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-controlfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L316 programmer.sgml
+-The main control information file:
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+-control
+)TT
+L317
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 3
+(TOCENTRY
+L356 programmer.sgml
+-Source packages
+L357
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetools
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L363 programmer.sgml
+-Tools for processing source packages
+L364
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L380 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
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+)PRGN
+- - packs and unpacks Debian source packages
+L381
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L411 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- - overall package-building control\nscript
+L413
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L448 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- - generates binary package control files
+L449
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L495 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- - calculates shared library dependencies
+L496
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L551 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- - adds a file to
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L552
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L579 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- - generates a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- upload\ncontrol file
+L581
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.7
+(TOCENTRY
+L595 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)PRGN
+- - produces parsed representation of\na changelog
+L597
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetree
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L605 programmer.sgml
+-The Debianised source tree
+L606
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L620 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- - the main building script
+L621
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L748 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+L749
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT2
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.2.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L800 programmer.sgml
+-User-defined fields
+L801
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-dpkgchangelog
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.3
+(TOCENTRY
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+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+L835
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT2
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.3.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L906 programmer.sgml
+-Defining alternative changelog formats
+L907
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-srcsubstvars
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L983 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- and variable substitutions
+L984
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L1005 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L1006
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L1035 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+L1036
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcearchives
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L1055 programmer.sgml
+-Source packages as archives
+L1056
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s3.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L1126 programmer.sgml
+-Unpacking a Debian source package without
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+L1127
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s3.4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.4.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L1149 programmer.sgml
+-Restrictions on objects in source packages
+L1150
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(TOCENTRY
+L1190 programmer.sgml
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L1199 programmer.sgml
+-Syntax of control files
+L1200
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s4.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L1244 programmer.sgml
+-List of fields\n
+L1246
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Package
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L1246 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+L1247
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L1263 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+L1264
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Architecture
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L1269 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+L1270
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L1320 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+L1321
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(TOCENTRY
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+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+L1346
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s4.2.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L1365 programmer.sgml
+-Package interrelationship fields:\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-Suggests
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+-,
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+-Conflicts
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+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
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+-,
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L1368
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Description
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.7
+(TOCENTRY
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+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+L1374
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Essential
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.8
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+L1387 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+L1388
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
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+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
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+-Priority
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+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Binary
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
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+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.10
+(TOCENTRY
+L1438 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+L1439
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Installed-Size
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+ASECT CDATA .2.11
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.11
+(TOCENTRY
+L1460 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Installed-Size
+)TT
+L1461
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Files
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+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+L1471
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Standards-Version
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.13
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.13
+(TOCENTRY
+L1514 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1515
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Distribution
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+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1529
+)TOCENTRY
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+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.15
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+L1540 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1541
+)TOCENTRY
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+(TT
+-Date
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+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Format
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+(TT
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+L1567
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+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.18
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+L1575 programmer.sgml
+(TT
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+)TT
+L1576
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Filename
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+(TT
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+- and
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+-MSDOS-Filename
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Size
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+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.20
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+L1607 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Size
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+- and
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+-MD5sum
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+ASRID CDATA s-f-Status
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+(TT
+-Status
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+L1617
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Config-Version
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+(TT
+-Config-Version
+)TT
+L1625
+)TOCENTRY
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+-Obsolete fields
+L1639
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
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+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(TOCENTRY
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+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 6
+(TOCENTRY
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+-Package maintainer scripts\nand installation procedure
+L1800
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s6.1
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+AHNAME CDATA section 6.1
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+L1800 programmer.sgml
+-Introduction to package maintainer scripts
+L1801
+)TOCENTRY
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+AHNAME CDATA section 6.2
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+L1844 programmer.sgml
+-Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called
+L1845
+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA s6.3
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+-Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade
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+)TOCENTRY
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+AHNAME CDATA section 6.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L2095 programmer.sgml
+-Details of configuration
+L2096
+)TOCENTRY
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+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
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+AHNAME CDATA section 6.5
+(TOCENTRY
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+-Details of removal and/or configuration purging
+L2115
+)TOCENTRY
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+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(TOCENTRY
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+-Descriptions of packages - the\n
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field
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+ASRID CDATA s7.1
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+-Types of formatting line in the extended description
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+-Notes about writing descriptions
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+)TOCENTRY
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+L2277 programmer.sgml
+-Example description in control file for Smail
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+)TOCENTRY
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+ASRID CDATA ch-relationships
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+AHNAME CDATA chapter 8
+(TOCENTRY
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+-Declaring relationships between packages
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+)TOCENTRY
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+-Syntax of relationship fields
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+)TOCENTRY
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+AHNAME CDATA section 8.2
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+-Dependencies -
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+-,
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+-,
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+-,
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+L2370
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+-Dependencies on shared libraries
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+)TOCENTRY
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+-Deconfiguration due to removal during bulk installations
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+(TOCENTRY
+L2578 programmer.sgml
+-Virtual packages -
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+L2579
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-replaces
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L2626 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- - overwriting files and replacing packages
+L2627
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s8.5.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.5.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L2637 programmer.sgml
+-Overwriting files in other packages
+L2638
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s8.5.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.5.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L2672 programmer.sgml
+-Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal
+L2673
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s8.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L2682 programmer.sgml
+-Defaults for satisfying dependencies - ordering
+L2683
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 9
+(TOCENTRY
+L2733 programmer.sgml
+-Configuration file handling
+L2734
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s9.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ACSRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 9.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L2758 programmer.sgml
+-Automatic handling of configuration files by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+L2759
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s9.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ACSRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 9.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L2813 programmer.sgml
+-Fully-featured maintainer script configuration handling
+L2814
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-alternatives
+ACHAPT CDATA 10
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 10
+(TOCENTRY
+L2854 programmer.sgml
+-Alternative versions of an interface -\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+L2856
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-diversions
+ACHAPT CDATA 11
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 11
+(TOCENTRY
+L2888 programmer.sgml
+-Diversions - overriding a package's version of a file
+L2889
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-sharedlibs
+ACHAPT CDATA 12
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 12
+(TOCENTRY
+L2943 programmer.sgml
+-Shared libraries
+L2944
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 13
+(TOCENTRY
+L2985 programmer.sgml
+-Configuration of
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+L2986
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L2988 programmer.sgml
+-Introduction to the
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scheme
+L2989
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L3038 programmer.sgml
+-Writing
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scripts
+L3039
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.3
+(TOCENTRY
+L3067 programmer.sgml
+-Managing the
+(TT
+-rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- links -
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+L3068
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.4
+(TOCENTRY
+L3112 programmer.sgml
+-Boot-time initialisation -
+(TT
+-rc.boot
+)TT
+L3113
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.5
+(TOCENTRY
+L3135 programmer.sgml
+-Notes
+L3136
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s13.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.6
+(TOCENTRY
+L3147 programmer.sgml
+-Example
+L3148
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-methif
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 14
+(TOCENTRY
+L3204 programmer.sgml
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s interface to its installation methods
+L3205
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s14.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ACSRID CDATA ch-methif
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 14.1
+(TOCENTRY
+L3225 programmer.sgml
+-Functions of the method scripts
+L3226
+)TOCENTRY
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s14.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ACSRID CDATA ch-methif
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 14.2
+(TOCENTRY
+L3265 programmer.sgml
+-Location and arguments of the method scripts
+L3266
+)TOCENTRY
+)TOC
+L48 programmer.sgml
+AID CDATA scope
+L67
+ASRID CDATA ch-scope
+ACHAPT CDATA 1
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 1
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction and scope of this manual
+L68
+)HEADING
+(P
+L69
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is a suite of programs for creating binary package files\nand installing and removing them on Unix systems.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nis targetted primarily at Debian GNU/Linux, but may work on or be\nported to other systems.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L74
+)P
+(P
+L75
+-\nThe binary packages are designed for the management of installed\nexecutable programs (usually compiled binaries) and their associated\ndata, though source code examples and documentation are provided as\npart of some packages.
+L80
+)P
+(P
+L81
+-\nThis manual describes the technical aspects of creating Debian binary\npackages (
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files). It documents the behaviour of the\npackage management programs
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- et al. and and the\nway they interact with packages.
+L86
+)P
+(P
+L87
+-\nIt also documents the interaction between
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s core and the\naccess method scripts it uses to actually install the selected\npackages, and describes how to create a new access method.
+L91
+)P
+(P
+L92
+-\nThis manual does not go into detail about the options and usage of the\npackage building and installation tools. It should therefore be read\nin conjuction with those programs' manpages.
+L96
+)P
+(P
+L97
+-\nThe utility programs which are provided with
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- for managing\nvarious system configuration and similar issues, such as\n
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-install-info
+)PRGN
+-, are not described in\ndetail here - please see their manpages.
+L102
+)P
+(P
+L103
+-\nIt does
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- describe the policy requirements imposed on Debian\npackages, such as the permissions on files and directories,\ndocumentation requirements, upload procedure, and so on. You should\nsee the Debian packaging policy manual for these details. (Many of\nthem will probably turn out to be helpful even if you don't plan to\nupload your package and make it available as part of the\ndistribution.)
+L111
+)P
+(P
+L112
+-\nIt is assumed that the reader is reasonably familiar with the\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- System Administrators' manual. Unfortunately this manual\ndoes not yet exist.
+L116
+)P
+(P
+L117
+-\nThe Debian version of the FSF's GNU hello program is provided as an\nexample for people wishing to create Debian packages.
+L120
+)P
+(P
+L121
+-\n
+(EM
+-Note that this document is still a draft!
+)EM
+-\n
+L124
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+ASRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Binary packages
+L125
+)HEADING
+(P
+L126
+-\nThe binary package has two main sections. The first part consists of\nvarious control information files and scripts used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when\ninstalling and removing. See
+AID CDATA controlarea
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-controlarea
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.2
+(REF
+L197 programmer.sgml
+-Package control information files
+L198
+)REF
+-.
+L130
+)P
+(P
+L131
+-\nThe second part is an archive (currently a
+(PRGN
+-tar
+)PRGN
+- archive)\ncontaining files and directories to be installed.
+L134
+)P
+(P
+L135
+-\nIn the future binary packages may also contain other components, such\nas checksums and digital signatures.\n\n
+L140
+)P
+AID CDATA bincreating
+ASRID CDATA s-bincreating
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Creating package files -
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+L141
+)HEADING
+(P
+L142
+-\nAll manipulation of binary package files is done by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+-;\nit's the only program that has knowledge of the format.\n(
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- may be invoked by calling
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will\nspot that the options requested are appropriate to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- and\ninvoke that instead with the same arguments.)
+L148
+)P
+(P
+L149
+-\nIn order to create a binary package you must make a directory tree\nwhich contains all the files and directories you want to have in the\nfilesystem data part of the package. In Debian-format source packages\nthis directory is usually
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+-, relative to the top of\nthe package's source tree.
+L155
+)P
+(P
+L156
+-\nThey should have the locations (relative to the root of the directory\ntree you're constructing) ownerships and permissions which you want\nthem to have on the system when they are installed.
+L160
+)P
+(P
+L161
+-\nWith current versions of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- the uid/username and gid/groupname\nmappings for the users and groups being used should be the same on the\nsystem where the package is built and the one where it is installed.
+L165
+)P
+(P
+L166
+-\nYou need to add one special directory to the root of the miniature\nfilesystem tree you're creating:
+(PRGN
+-DEBIAN
+)PRGN
+-. It should contain the\ncontrol information files, notably the binary package control file\n(see
+AID CDATA controlfile
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-controlfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.3
+(REF
+L316 programmer.sgml
+-The main control information file:
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L317
+)REF
+-).
+L171
+)P
+(P
+L172
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-DEBIAN
+)PRGN
+- directory will not appear in the filesystem archive of\nthe package, and so won't be installed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when the package\nis installed.
+L176
+)P
+(P
+L177
+-\nWhen you've prepared the package, you should invoke:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L180
+-dpkg --build
+(VAR
+-directory
+)VAR
+L181
+)EXAMPLE
+L182
+)P
+(P
+L183
+-\nThis will build the package in
+(TT
+(VAR
+-directory
+)VAR
+-.deb
+)TT
+-.\n(
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- knows that
+(TT
+---build
+)TT
+- is a
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- option, so it\ninvokes
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- with the same arguments to build the package.)
+L187
+)P
+(P
+L188
+-\nSee the manpage
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-deb
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for details of how\nto examine the contents of this newly-created file. You may find the\noutput of following commands enlightening:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L193
+-dpkg-deb --info
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.deb\ndpkg-deb --contents
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.deb
+L195
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L197
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA controlarea
+ASRID CDATA s-controlarea
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Package control information files
+L198
+)HEADING
+(P
+L199
+-\nThe control information portion of a binary package is a collection of\nfiles with names known to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. It will treat the contents of\nthese files specially - some of them contain information used by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when installing or removing the package; others are scripts\nwhich the package maintainer wants
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- to run.
+L205
+)P
+(P
+L206
+-\nIt is possible to put other files in the package control area, but\nthis is not generally a good idea (though they will largely be\nignored).
+L210
+)P
+(P
+L211
+-\nHere is a brief list of the control info files supported by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nand a summary of what they're used for.
+L214
+)P
+(P
+L215
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L217
+(TAG
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L218
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L220
+(P
+-This is the key description file used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. It specifies the\npackage's name and version, gives its description for the user, states\nits relationships with other packages, and so forth.\nSee
+AID CDATA controlfile
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-controlfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.3
+(REF
+L316 programmer.sgml
+-The main control information file:
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L317
+)REF
+-.
+L224
+)P
+(P
+L225
+-\nIt is usually generated automatically from information in the source\npackage by the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- program, and with assistance\nfrom
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+-. See
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetools
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(REF
+L363 programmer.sgml
+-Tools for processing source packages
+L364
+)REF
+-.\n
+L230
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-postinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-preinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-postrm
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-prerm
+)TT
+L231
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L233
+(P
+-These are exectuable files (usually scripts) which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- runs\nduring installation, upgrade and removal of packages. They allow the\npackage to deal with matters which are particular to that package or\nrequire more complicated processing than that provided by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.\nDetails of when and how they are called are in\n
+AID CDATA maintainerscripts
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 6
+(REF
+L1798 programmer.sgml
+-Package maintainer scripts\nand installation procedure
+L1800
+)REF
+-.
+L239
+)P
+(P
+L240
+-\nIt is very important to make these scripts itempotent.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-That\nmeans that if it runs successfully or fails and then you call it again\nit doesn't bomb out, but just ensures that everything is the way it\nought to be.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- This is so that if an error occurs, the user\ninterrupts
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- or some other unforeseen circumstance happens you\ndon't leave the user with a badly-broken package.
+L247
+)P
+(P
+L248
+-\nThe maintainer scripts are guaranteed to run with a controlling\nterminal and can interact with the user. If they need to prompt for\npasswords, do full-screen interaction or something similar you should\ndo these things to and from
+(TT
+-/dev/tty
+)TT
+-, since
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will at\nsome point redirect scripts' standard input and output so that it can\nlog the installation process. Likewise, because these scripts may be\nexecuted with standard output redirected into a pipe for logging\npurposes, Perl scripts should set unbuffered output by setting\n
+(TT
+-$|=1
+)TT
+- so that the output is printed immediately rather than being\nbuffered.
+L259
+)P
+(P
+L260
+-\nEach script should return a zero exit status for success, or a nonzero\none for failure.\n
+L264
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+L265
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L267
+(P
+-This file contains a list of configuration files which are to be\nhandled automatically by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- (see
+AID CDATA conffiles
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 9
+(REF
+L2733 programmer.sgml
+-Configuration file handling
+L2734
+)REF
+-). Note\nthat not necessarily every configuration file should be listed here.\n
+L271
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-shlibs
+)TT
+L272
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L274
+(P
+-This file contains a list of the shared libraries supplied by the\npackage, with dependency details for each. This is used by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- when it determines what dependencies are\nrequired in a package control file.
+L278
+)P
+(P
+L279
+-\nEach line is of the form:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L282
+(VAR
+-library-name
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version-or-soname
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-dependencies ...
+)VAR
+L283
+)EXAMPLE
+L284
+)P
+(P
+L285
+-\n
+(VAR
+-library-name
+)VAR
+- is the name of the shared library, for example\n
+(TT
+-libc5
+)TT
+-.
+L288
+)P
+(P
+L289
+-\n
+(VAR
+-version-or-soname
+)VAR
+- is the soname of the library - ie, the thing\nthat must exactly match for the library to be recognised by\n
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+-. Usually this is major version number of the library.
+L293
+)P
+(P
+L294
+-\n
+(VAR
+-dependencies
+)VAR
+- has the same syntax as a dependency field in a\nbinary package control file. It should give details of which\npackage(s) are required to satisfy a binary built against the version\nof the library contained in the package. See
+AID CDATA depsyntax
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-depsyntax
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.1
+(REF
+L2319 programmer.sgml
+-Syntax of relationship fields
+L2320
+)REF
+-.
+L299
+)P
+(P
+L300
+-\nFor example, if the package
+(TT
+-foo
+)TT
+- contains
+(TT
+-libfoo.so.1.2.3
+)TT
+-,\nwhere the soname of the library is
+(TT
+-libfoo.so.1
+)TT
+-, and the first\nversion of the package which contained a minor number of at least\n
+(TT
+-2.3
+)TT
+- was
+(VAR
+-1.2.3-1
+)VAR
+-, then the package's
+(VAR
+-shlibs
+)VAR
+- could\nsay:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L307
+-libfoo 1\011foo (>= 1.2.3-1)
+L308
+)EXAMPLE
+L309
+)P
+(P
+L310
+-\nThe version-specific dependency is to avoid warnings from
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+-\nabout using older shared libraries with newer binaries.\n
+L314
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L316
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA controlfile
+ASRID CDATA s-controlfile
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-The main control information file:
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+L317
+)HEADING
+(P
+L318
+-\nThe most important control information file used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when it\ninstalls a package is
+(TT
+-control
+)TT
+-. It contains all the package's\n`vital statistics'.
+L322
+)P
+(P
+L323
+-\nThe binary package control files of packages built from Debian sources\nare made by a special tool,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-, which reads\n
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- to find the\ninformation it needs. See
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 3
+(REF
+L356 programmer.sgml
+-Source packages
+L357
+)REF
+- for more details.
+L328
+)P
+(P
+L329
+-\nThe fields in binary package control files are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L333
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Package
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Package
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.1
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L334
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)\n
+L336
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Architecture
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.3
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n(mandatory)
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This field should appear in all packages, though\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- doesn't require it yet so that old packages can still be\ninstalled.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L341
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA relationships
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 8
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- et al.
+)QREF
+L342
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Essential
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.8
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+)QREF
+L343
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L344
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+L345
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L346
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA descriptions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+)QREF
+L347
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Installed-Size
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Installed-Size
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.11
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.11
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Installed-Size
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n
+L349
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L350
+)P
+(P
+L351
+-\nA description of the syntax of control files and the purpose of these\nfields is available in
+AID CDATA controlfields
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(REF
+L1190 programmer.sgml
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L356
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sourcepkg
+ASRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 3
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Source packages
+L357
+)HEADING
+(P
+L358
+-\nThe Debian binary packages in the distribution are generated from\nDebian sources, which are in a special format to assist the easy and\nautomatic building of binaries.\n
+L363
+)P
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetools
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Tools for processing source packages
+L364
+)HEADING
+(P
+L365
+-\nVarious tools are provided for manipulating source packages; they pack\nand unpack sources and help build of binary packages and help manage\nthe distribution of new versions.
+L369
+)P
+(P
+L370
+-\nThey are introduced and typical uses described here; see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L372
+- for full documentation about their\narguments and operation.
+L374
+)P
+(P
+L375
+-\nFor examples of how to construct a Debian source package, and how to\nuse those utilities that are used by Debian source packages, please\nsee the
+(PRGN
+-hello
+)PRGN
+- example package.\n
+L380
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- - packs and unpacks Debian source packages
+L381
+)HEADING
+(P
+L382
+-\nThis program is frequently used by hand, and is also called from\npackage-independent automated building scripts such as\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+-.
+L386
+)P
+(P
+L387
+-\nTo unpack a package it is typically invoked with\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L390
+-dpkg-source -x
+(VAR
+-.../path/to/filename
+)VAR
+-.dsc
+L391
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nwith the
+(TT
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- (if applicable) in the same directory. It\nunpacks into
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, and if applicable\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-.orig
+)TT
+-, in the current directory.
+L396
+)P
+(P
+L397
+-\nTo create a packed source archive it is typically invoked:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L400
+-dpkg-source -b
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L401
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThis will create the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- (if\nappropriate) in the current directory.
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- does not\nclean the source tree first - this must be done separately if it is\nrequired.
+L406
+)P
+(P
+L407
+-\nSee also
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcearchives
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(REF
+L1055 programmer.sgml
+-Source packages as archives
+L1056
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L411
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- - overall package-building control\nscript
+L413
+)HEADING
+(P
+L414
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+- is a script which invokes
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-,\nthe
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- targets
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-pgp
+)PRGN
+- to build a signed\nsource and binary package upload.
+L419
+)P
+(P
+L420
+-\nIt is usually invoked by hand from the top level of the built or\nunbuilt source directory. It may be invoked with no arguments; useful\narguments include:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L425
+(TAG
+(TT
+--uc
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--us
+)TT
+L426
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Do not PGP-sign the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or the source package\n
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file, respectively.\n
+L429
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--p
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+)TT
+L430
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Invoke
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+- instead of finding
+(TT
+-pgp
+)TT
+- on the\n
+(PRGN
+-PATH
+)PRGN
+-.
+(VAR
+-pgp-command
+)VAR
+- must behave just like
+(PRGN
+-pgp
+)PRGN
+-.\n
+L433
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--r
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+)TT
+L434
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-When root privilege is required, invoke the command\n
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+-.
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+- should invoke its first\nargument as a command, from the
+(PRGN
+-PATH
+)PRGN
+- if necessary, and pass its\nsecond and subsequent arguments to the command it calls. If no\n
+(VAR
+-root-command
+)VAR
+- is supplied then
+(VAR
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)VAR
+- will take\nno special action to gain root privilege, so that for most packages it\nwill have to be invoked as root to start with.\n
+L442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+--b
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+--B
+)TT
+L443
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Two types of binary-only build and upload - see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L444
+-.
+L445
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\n
+L448
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.3
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- - generates binary package control files
+L449
+)HEADING
+(P
+L450
+-\nThis program is usually called from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- (see
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetree
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(REF
+L605 programmer.sgml
+-The Debianised source tree
+L606
+)REF
+L452
+-) in the top level of the source tree.
+L453
+)P
+(P
+L454
+-\nThis is usually done just before the files and directories in the\ntemporary directory tree where the package is being built have their\npermissions and ownerships set and the package is constructed using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This is so that the control file which is\nproduced has the right permissions
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-.
+L460
+)P
+(P
+L461
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- must be called after all the files which are to\ngo into the package have been placed in the temporary build directory,\nso that its calculation of the installed size of a package is correct.
+L465
+)P
+(P
+L466
+-\nIt is also necessary for
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to be run after\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- so that the variable substitutions created by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- in
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- are available.
+L470
+)P
+(P
+L471
+-\nFor a package which generates only one binary package, and which\nbuilds it in
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+- relative to the top of the source\npackage, it is usually sufficient to call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L476
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+L477
+)EXAMPLE
+L478
+)P
+(P
+L479
+-\nSources which build several binaries will typically need something\nlike:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L483
+-dpkg-gencontrol -Pdebian/tmp-
+(VAR
+-pkg
+)VAR
+- -p
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+L484
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe
+(TT
+--P
+)TT
+- tells
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- that the package is being\nbuilt in a non-default directory, and the
+(TT
+--p
+)TT
+- tells it which\npackage's control file should be generated.
+L488
+)P
+(P
+L489
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- also adds information to the list of files in\n
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+-, for the benefit of (for example) a future\ninvocation of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+-.\n\n
+L495
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.4
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- - calculates shared library dependencies
+L496
+)HEADING
+(P
+L497
+-\nThis program is usually called from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- just before\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- (see
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetree
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(REF
+L605 programmer.sgml
+-The Debianised source tree
+L606
+)REF
+-), in the top level\nof the source tree.
+L501
+)P
+(P
+L502
+-\nIts arguments are executables
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-They may be specified either\nin the locations in the source tree where they are created or in the\nlocations in the temporary build tree where they are installed prior\nto binary package creation.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- for which shared library\ndependencies should be included in the binary package's control file.
+L508
+)P
+(P
+L509
+-\nIf some of the executable(s) shared libraries should only warrant a\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-, or if some warrant a\n
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-, this can be achieved by using the\n
+(TT
+--d
+(VAR
+-dependency-field
+)VAR
+)TT
+- option before those executable(s).\n(Each
+(TT
+--d
+)TT
+- option takes effect until the next
+(TT
+--d
+)TT
+-.)
+L515
+)P
+(P
+L516
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- does not directly cause the output control file\nto be modified. Instead by default it adds to the\n
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- file variable settings like\n
+(TT
+-shlibs:Depends
+)TT
+-. These variable settings must be referenced in\ndependency fields in the appropriate per-binary-package sections of\nthe source control file.
+L523
+)P
+(P
+L524
+-\nFor example, the
+(PRGN
+-procps
+)PRGN
+- package generates two kinds of\nbinaries, simple C binaries like
+(PRGN
+-ps
+)PRGN
+- which require a\npredependency and full-screen ncurses binaries like
+(PRGN
+-top
+)PRGN
+- which\nrequire only a recommendation. It can say in its
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L530
+-dpkg-shlibdeps -dPre-Depends ps -dRecommends top
+L531
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand then in its main control file
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L534
+(VAR
+-...
+)VAR
+-\nPackage: procps\nPre-Depends: ${shlibs:Pre-Depends}\nRecommends: ${shlibs:Recommends}\n
+(VAR
+-...
+)VAR
+L539
+)EXAMPLE
+L540
+)P
+(P
+L541
+-\nSources which produce several binary packages with different shared\nlibrary dependency requirements can use the
+(TT
+--p
+(VAR
+-varnameprefix
+)VAR
+)TT
+-\noption to override the default
+(TT
+-shlib:
+)TT
+- prefix (one invocation of\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- per setting of this option). They can thus\nproduce several sets of dependency variables, each of the form\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-varnameprefix
+)VAR
+-:
+(VAR
+-dependencyfield
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, which can be referred\nto in the appropriate parts of the binary package control files.\n\n
+L551
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.5
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- - adds a file to
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L552
+)HEADING
+(P
+L553
+-\nSome packages' uploads need to include files other than the source and\nbinary package files.
+L556
+)P
+(P
+L557
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- adds a file to the
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+- file so\nthat it will be included in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file when\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- is run.
+L561
+)P
+(P
+L562
+-\nIt is usually invoked from the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target of\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L566
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-section
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-priority
+)VAR
+L567
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-filename
+)VAR
+- is relative to the directory where\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- will expect to find it - this is usually the\ndirectory above the top level of the source tree. The\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- target should put the file there just before or\njust after calling
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+-.
+L573
+)P
+(P
+L574
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-section
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-priority
+)VAR
+- are passed unchanged into the\nresulting
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. See
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(REF
+L1400 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L1401
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L579
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.6
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- - generates a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- upload\ncontrol file
+L581
+)HEADING
+(P
+L582
+-\nThis program is usually called by package-independent automatic\nbuilding scripts such as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-buildpackage
+)PRGN
+-, but it may also be\ncalled by hand.
+L586
+)P
+(P
+L587
+-\nIt is usually called in the top level of a built source tree, and when\ninvoked with no arguments will print out a straightforward\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file based on the information in the source package's\nchangelog and control file and the binary and source packages which\nshould have been built.\n\n
+L595
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.1.7
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.1.7
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)PRGN
+- - produces parsed representation of\na changelog
+L597
+)HEADING
+(P
+L598
+-\nThis program is used internally by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- et al. It may\nalso occasionally be useful in
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- and elsewhere. It\nparses a changelog,
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+- by default, and prints a\ncontrol-file format representation of the information in it to\nstandard output.\n
+L605
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA sourcetree
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetree
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-The Debianised source tree
+L606
+)HEADING
+(P
+L607
+-\nThe source archive scheme described later is intended to allow a\nDebianised source tree with some associated control information to be\nreproduced and transported easily. The Debianised source tree is a\nversion of the original program with certain files added for the\nbenefit of the Debianisation process, and with any other changes\nrequired made to the rest of the source code and installation scripts.
+L614
+)P
+(P
+L615
+-\nThe extra files created for Debian are in the subdirectory
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-\nof the top level of the Debianised source tree. They are described\nbelow.\n
+L620
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- - the main building script
+L621
+)HEADING
+(P
+L622
+-\nThis file is an executable makefile, and contains the package-specific\nrecipies for compiling the package and building binary package(s) out\nof the source.
+L626
+)P
+(P
+L627
+-\nIt must start with the line
+(TT
+-#!/usr/bin/make -f
+)TT
+-, so that it\ncan be invoked by saying its name rather than invoking
+(PRGN
+-make
+)PRGN
+-\nexplicitly.
+L631
+)P
+(P
+L632
+-\nThe targets which are required to be present are:\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L636
+(TAG
+(TT
+-build
+)TT
+)TAG
+L637
+(ITEM
+L639
+(P
+-This should perform all non-interactive configuration and compilation\nof the package. If a package has an interactive pre-build\nconfiguration routine, the Debianised source package should be built\nafter this has taken place, so that it can be built without rerunning\nthe configuration.
+L644
+)P
+(P
+L645
+-\nFor some packages, notably ones where the same source tree is compiled\nin different ways to produce two binary packages, the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+-\ntarget does not make much sense. For these packages it is good enough\nto provide two (or more) targets (
+(TT
+-build-a
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-build-b
+)TT
+- or\nwhatever) for each of the ways of building the package, and a\n
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target that does nothing. The
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target will have\nto build the package in each of the possible ways and make the binary\npackage out of each.
+L654
+)P
+(P
+L655
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target must not do anything that might require root\nprivilege.
+L658
+)P
+(P
+L659
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target may need to run
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- first - see below.
+L661
+)P
+(P
+L662
+-\nWhen a package has a configuration routine that takes a long time, or\nwhen the makefiles are poorly designed, or when
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- needs to\nrun
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- first, it is a good idea to
+(TT
+-touch build
+)TT
+- when the\nbuild process is complete. This will ensure that if
+(TT
+-debian/rules\nbuild
+)TT
+- is run again it will not rebuild the whole program.\n
+L669
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-binary
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-binary-arch
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-binary-indep
+)TT
+L670
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L672
+(P
+-The
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target should be all that is necessary for the user\nto build the binary package. It is split into two parts:\n
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- builds the packages' output files which are\nspecific to a particular architecture, and
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-\nbuilds those which are not.
+L677
+)P
+(P
+L678
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- should usually be a target with no commands which simply\ndepends on
+(PRGN
+-binary-arch
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-binary-indep
+)PRGN
+-.
+L681
+)P
+(P
+L682
+-\nBoth
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets should depend on the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target,\nabove, so that the package is built if it has not been already. It\nshould then create the relevant binary package(s), using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to make their control files and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+-\nto build them and place them in the parent of the top level directory.
+L688
+)P
+(P
+L689
+-\nIf one of the
+(PRGN
+-binary-*
+)PRGN
+- targets has nothing to do (this will be\nalways be the case if the source generates only a single binary\npackage, whether architecture-dependent or not) it
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- still\nexist, but should always succeed.
+L694
+)P
+(P
+L695
+-\n
+AID CDATA binarypkg
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 2
+(REF
+L124 programmer.sgml
+-Binary packages
+L125
+)REF
+- describes how to construct binary packages.
+L697
+)P
+(P
+L698
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- targets must be invoked as root.\n
+L701
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-clean
+)TT
+)TAG
+L702
+(ITEM
+L704
+(P
+-This should undo any effects that the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-\ntargets may have had, except that it should leave alone any output\nfiles created in the parent directory by a run of
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-.
+L707
+)P
+(P
+L708
+-\nIf a
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- file is touched at the end of the
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- target,\nas suggested above, it must be removed as the first thing that\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- does, so that running
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- again after an interrupted\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- doesn't think that everything is already done.
+L713
+)P
+(P
+L714
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target must be invoked as root if
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- has\nbeen invoked since the last
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-, or if
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- has been\ninvoked as root (since
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+- may create directories, for\nexample).\n
+L720
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-get-orig-source
+)TT
+)TAG
+L721
+(ITEM
+L723
+(P
+-This target fetches the most recent version of the original source\npackage from a canonical archive site (via FTP or WWW, for example),\ndoes any necessary rearrangement to turn it into the original source\ntarfile format described below, and leaves it in the current directory.
+L727
+)P
+(P
+L728
+-\nThis target may be invoked in any directory, and should take care to\nclean up any temporary files it may have left.
+L731
+)P
+(P
+L732
+-\nThis target is optional, but providing it if possible is a good idea.\n
+L735
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\nThe
+(PRGN
+-build
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- targets must be\ninvoked with a current directory of the package's top-level\ndirectory.\n
+L741
+)P
+(P
+L742
+-\nAdditional targets may exist in
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-, either as\npublished or undocumented interfaces or for the package's internal\nuse.\n\n
+L748
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+L749
+)HEADING
+(P
+L750
+-\nThis file contains version-independent details about the source\npackage and about the binary packages it creates.
+L753
+)P
+(P
+L754
+-\nIt is a series of sets of control fields, each syntactically similar\nto a binary package control file. The sets are separated by one or\nmore blank lines. The first set is information about the source\npackage in general; each subsequent set describes one binary package\nthat the source tree builds.
+L760
+)P
+(P
+L761
+-\nThe syntax and semantics of the fields are described below in\n
+AID CDATA controlfields
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(REF
+L1190 programmer.sgml
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)REF
+-.
+L764
+)P
+(P
+L765
+-\nThe general (binary-package-independent) fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L768
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L769
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L770
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+-\n(classification, mandatory)
+L772
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Standards-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.13
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.13
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L773
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L774
+)P
+(P
+L775
+-\nThe per-binary-package fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L778
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Package
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Package
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.1
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L779
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Architecture
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.3
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L780
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA descriptions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+)QREF
+L781
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (classification)
+L782
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Essential
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.8
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+)QREF
+L783
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA relationships
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 8
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- et al.
+)QREF
+- (package interrelationships)
+L784
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L785
+)P
+(P
+L786
+-\nThese fields are used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- to generate control\nfiles for binary packages (see below), by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- to\ngenerate the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file to accompany the upload, and by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- when it creates the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- source control file as\npart of a source archive.
+L792
+)P
+(P
+L793
+-\nThe fields here may contain variable references - their values will be\nsubstituted by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- or\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- when they generate output control files. See
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-srcsubstvars
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(REF
+L983 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- and variable substitutions
+L984
+)REF
+L797
+- for details.
+L798
+)P
+(P
+L800
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.2.1
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-User-defined fields
+L801
+)HEADING
+(P
+L802
+-\nAdditional user-defined fields may be added to the source package\ncontrol file. Such fields will be ignored, and not copied to (for\nexample) binary or source package control files or upload control\nfiles.
+L807
+)P
+(P
+L808
+-\nIf you wish to add additional unsupported fields to these output files\nyou should use the mechanism described here.
+L811
+)P
+(P
+L812
+-\nFields in the main source control information file with names starting\n
+(TT
+-X
+)TT
+-, followed by one or more of the letters
+(TT
+-BCS
+)TT
+- and a hyphen\n
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-, will be copied to the output files. Only the part of the\nfield name after the hyphen will be used in the output file. Where\nthe letter
+(TT
+-B
+)TT
+- is used the field will appear in binary package\ncontrol files, where the letter
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- is used in source package\ncontrol files and where
+(TT
+-C
+)TT
+- is used in upload control\n(
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+-) files.
+L821
+)P
+(P
+L822
+-\nFor example, if the main source information control file contains the\nfield\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L826
+-XBS-Comment: I stand between the candle and the star.
+L827
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nthen the binary and source package control files will contain the\nfield\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L831
+-Comment: I stand between the candle and the star.
+L832
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L834
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA dpkgchangelog
+ASRID CDATA s-dpkgchangelog
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.3
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+L835
+)HEADING
+(P
+L836
+-\nThis file records the changes to the Debian-specific parts of the\npackage
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Though there is nothing stopping an author who is\nalso the Debian maintainer from using it for all their changes, it\nwill have to be renamed if the Debian and upstream maintainers become\ndifferent people.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-.
+L842
+)P
+(P
+L843
+-\nIt has a special format which allows the package building tools to\ndiscover which version of the package is being built and find out\nother release-specific information.
+L847
+)P
+(P
+L848
+-\nThat format is a series of entries like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L851
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- (
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-)
+(VAR
+-distribution(s)
+)VAR
+-; urgency=
+(VAR
+-urgency
+)VAR
+-\n\n *
+(VAR
+-change details
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-more change details
+)VAR
+-\n *
+(VAR
+-even more change details
+)VAR
+-\n\n --
+(VAR
+-maintainer name and email address
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-date
+)VAR
+L858
+)EXAMPLE
+L859
+)P
+(P
+L860
+-\n
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- are the source package name and\nversion number.
+(VAR
+-distribution(s)
+)VAR
+- lists the distributions where\nthis version should be installed when it is uploaded - it is copied to\nthe
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+- field in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. See
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Distribution
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.14
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.14
+(REF
+L1528 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1529
+)REF
+L865
+-.
+L866
+)P
+(P
+L867
+-\n
+(VAR
+-urgency
+)VAR
+- is the value for the
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+- field in the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file for the upload. See
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Urgency
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.15
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.15
+(REF
+L1540 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1541
+)REF
+-. It is\nnot possible to specify an urgency containing commas; commas are used\nto separate
+(TT
+(VAR
+-keyword
+)VAR
+-=
+(VAR
+-value
+)VAR
+)TT
+- settings in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nchangelog format (though there is currently only one useful\n
+(VAR
+-keyword
+)VAR
+-,
+(TT
+-urgency
+)TT
+-).
+L874
+)P
+(P
+L875
+-\nThe change details may in fact be any series of lines starting with at\nleast two spaces, but conventionally each change starts with an\nasterisk and a separating space and continuation lines are indented so\nas to bring them in line with the start of the text above. Blank\nlines may be used here to separate groups of changes, if desired.
+L881
+)P
+(P
+L882
+-\nThe maintainer name and email address should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- necessarily be\nthose of the usual package maintainer. They should be the details of\nthe person doing
+(EM
+-this
+)EM
+- version. The information here will be\ncopied to the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file, and then later used to send an\nacknowledgement when the upload has been installed.
+L888
+)P
+(P
+L889
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-date
+)VAR
+- should be in RFC822 format; it should include the\ntimezone specified numerically, with the timezone name or abbreviation\noptionally present as a comment.
+L893
+)P
+(P
+L894
+-\nThe first `title' line with the package name should start at the left\nhand margin; the `trailer' line with the maintainer and date details\nshould be preceded by exactly one space. The maintainer details and\nthe date must be separated by exactly two spaces.
+L899
+)P
+(P
+L900
+-\nAn Emacs mode for editing this format is available: it is called\n
+(TT
+-debian-changelog-mode
+)TT
+-. You can have this mode selected\nautomatically when you edit a Debian changelog by adding a local\nvariables clause to the end of the changelog.\n
+L906
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.3.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsubsection 3.2.3.1
+(SECT2
+(HEADING
+-Defining alternative changelog formats
+L907
+)HEADING
+(P
+L908
+-\nIt is possible to use a different format to the standard one, by\nproviding a parser for the format you wish to use.
+L911
+)P
+(P
+L912
+-\nIn order to have
+(TT
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)TT
+- run your parser, you must\ninclude a line within the last 40 lines of your file matching the Perl\nregular expression:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L917
+-\\schangelog-format:\\s+([0-9a-z]+)\\W
+L918
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe part in parentheses should be the name of the format.
+L920
+)P
+(P
+L921
+-\nIf such a line exists then
+(TT
+-dpkg-parsechangelog
+)TT
+- will look for the\nparser as
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/
+(VAR
+-format-name
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/parsechangelog/
+(VAR
+-format-name
+)VAR
+)TT
+-; it is an\nerror for it not to find it, or for it not to be an executable\nprogram. The default changelog format is
+(TT
+-dpkg
+)TT
+-, and a parser for\nit is provided with the
+(TT
+-dpkg
+)TT
+- package.
+L928
+)P
+(P
+L929
+-\nThe parser will be invoked with the changelog open on standard input\nat the start of the file. It should read the file (it may seek if it\nwishes) to determine the information required and return the parsed\ninformation to standard output in the form of a series of control\nfields in the standard format. By default it should return\ninformation about only the most recent version in the changelog; it\nshould accept a
+(TT
+--v
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+- option to return changes\ninformation from all versions present
+(EM
+-strictly after
+)EM
+-\n
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-, and it should then be an error for
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- not to\nbe present in the changelog.
+L940
+)P
+(P
+L941
+-\nThe fields are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L944
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L945
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L946
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Distribution
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.14
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.14
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L947
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Urgency
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.15
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.15
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L948
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L949
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Date
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Date
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.16
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.16
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+)QREF
+L950
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Changes
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.18
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.18
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+)QREF
+- (mandatory)
+L951
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L952
+)P
+(P
+L953
+-\nIf several versions are being returned (due to the use of
+(TT
+--v
+)TT
+-),\nthe urgency value should be of the highest urgency code listed at the\nstart of any of the versions requested followed by the concatenated\n(space-separated) comments from all the versions requested; the\nmaintainer, version, distribution and date should always be from the\nmost recent version.
+L960
+)P
+(P
+L961
+-\nFor the format of the
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+- field see
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Changes
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.18
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.18
+(REF
+L1575 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+L1576
+)REF
+-.
+L963
+)P
+(P
+L964
+-\nIf the changelog format which is being parsed always or almost always\nleaves a blank line between individual change notes these blank lines\nshould be stripped out, so as to make the resulting output compact.
+L968
+)P
+(P
+L969
+-\nIf the changelog format does not contain date or package name\ninformation this information should be omitted from the output. The\nparser should not attempt to synthesise it or find it from other\nsources.
+L974
+)P
+(P
+L975
+-\nIf the changelog does not have the expected format the parser should\nexit with a nonzero exit status, rather than trying to muddle through\nand possibly generating incorrect output.
+L979
+)P
+(P
+L980
+-\nA changelog parser may not interact with the user at all.\n
+L983
+)P
+)SECT2
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+ASRID CDATA s-srcsubstvars
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- and variable substitutions
+L984
+)HEADING
+(P
+L985
+-\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- generate control files they do variable\nsubstitutions on their output just before writing it. Variable\nsubstitutions have the form
+(TT
+-${
+(VAR
+-variable-name
+)VAR
+-}
+)TT
+-. The optional\nfile
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- contains variable substitutions to be\nused; variables can also be set directly from
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-\nusing the
+(TT
+--V
+)TT
+- option to the source packaging commands, and certain\npredefined variables are available.
+L994
+)P
+(P
+L995
+-\nThe file may be a static part of the source archive, or generated and\nmodified dynamically by
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- targets. In the latter\ncase it must be removed by the
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target.
+L999
+)P
+(P
+L1000
+-\nSee
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-source
+ASECTION CDATA 1
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for full details about source\nvariable substitutions, including the format of\n
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1005
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.5
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+L1006
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1007
+-\nThis file is not a permanent part of the source tree; it is used while\nbuilding packages to record which files are being generated.\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- uses it when it generates a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file.
+L1011
+)P
+(P
+L1012
+-\nIt should not exist in a shipped source package, and so it (and any\nbackup files or temporary files such as\n
+(TT
+-files.new
+)TT
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+(TT
+-files.new
+)TT
+- is used as a temporary file by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- - they write a new\nversion of
+(TT
+-files
+)TT
+- here before renaming it, to avoid leaving a\ncorrupted copy if an error occurs
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-) should be removed by the\n
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target. It may also be wise to ensure a fresh start by\nemptying or removing it at the start of the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target.
+L1021
+)P
+(P
+L1022
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- adds an entry to this file for the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+-\nfile that will be created by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+- from the control file\nthat it generates, so for most packages all that needs to be done with\nthis file is to delete it in
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+-.
+L1027
+)P
+(P
+L1028
+-\nIf a package upload includes files besides the source package and any\nbinary packages whose control files were made with\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- then they should be placed in the parent of the\npackage's top-level directory and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-distaddfile
+)PRGN
+- should be\ncalled to add the file to the list in
+(TT
+-debian/files
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1035
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.2.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.6
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+)TT
+L1036
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1037
+-\nThis is the canonical temporary location for the construction of\nbinary packages by the
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+- target. The directory
+(TT
+-tmp
+)TT
+-\nserves as the root of the filesystem tree as it is being constructed\n(for example, by using the package's upstream makefiles install\ntargets and redirecting the output there), and it also contains the\n
+(TT
+-DEBIAN
+)TT
+- subdirectory. See
+AID CDATA bincreating
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-bincreating
+ACHAPT CDATA 2
+ACSRID CDATA ch-binarypkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 2.1
+(REF
+L140 programmer.sgml
+-Creating package files -
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+L141
+)REF
+-.
+L1044
+)P
+(P
+L1045
+-\nIf several binary packages are generated from the same source tree it\nis usual to use several
+(TT
+-debian/tmp
+(VAR
+-something
+)VAR
+)TT
+- directories,\nfor example
+(TT
+-tmp-a
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-tmp-doc
+)TT
+-.
+L1049
+)P
+(P
+L1050
+-\nWhatever
+(TT
+-tmp
+)TT
+- directories are created and used by
+(PRGN
+-binary
+)PRGN
+-\nmust of course be removed by the
+(PRGN
+-clean
+)PRGN
+- target.\n\n
+L1055
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcearchives
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Source packages as archives
+L1056
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1057
+-\nAs it exists on the FTP site, a Debian source package consists of\nthree related files. You must have the right versions of all three to\nbe able to use them.
+L1061
+)P
+(P
+L1062
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L1064
+(TAG
+-Debian source control file -
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1065
+(ITEM
+L1067
+(P
+-This file contains a series of fields, identified and separated just\nlike the fields in the control file of a binary package. The fields\nare listed below; their syntax is described above, in\n
+AID CDATA controlfields
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(REF
+L1190 programmer.sgml
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)REF
+-.\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1072
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Source
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1073
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1074
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1075
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Binary
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Binary
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.10
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.10
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1076
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Architecture
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.3
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1077
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Standards-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.13
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.13
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1078
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+AID CDATA f-Files
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Files
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.12
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.12
+(QREF
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+)QREF
+L1079
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1080
+)P
+(P
+L1081
+-\nThe source package control file is generated by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-\nwhen it builds the source archive, from other files in the source\npackage, described above. When unpacking it is checked against the\nfiles and directories in the other parts of the source package, as\ndescribed below.\n
+L1088
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+-Original source archive -
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1089
+(ITEM
+L1091
+(P
+-This is a compressed (with
+(TT
+-gzip -9
+)TT
+-)
+(PRGN
+-tar
+)PRGN
+- file containing\nthe source code from the upstream authors of the program. The tarfile\nunpacks into a directory\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig
+)TT
+-, and does not contain\nfiles anywhere other than in there or in its subdirectories.\n
+L1097
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+-Debianisation diff -
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-version-revision
+)VAR
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+)TAG
+L1098
+(ITEM
+L1100
+(P
+-This is a unified context diff (
+(TT
+-diff -u
+)TT
+-) giving the changes which\nare required to turn the original source into the Debian source.\nThese changes may only include editing and creating plain files. The\npermissions of files, the targets of symbolic links and the\ncharacteristics of special files or pipes may not be changed and no\nfiles may be removed or renamed.
+L1106
+)P
+(P
+L1107
+-\nAll the directories in the diff must exist, except the
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-\nsubdirectory of the top of the source tree, which will be created by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- if necessary when unpacking.
+L1111
+)P
+(P
+L1112
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- program will automatically make the\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- file executable (see below).\n
+L1116
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L1117
+)P
+(P
+L1118
+-\nIf there is no original source code - for example, if the package is\nspecially prepared for Debian or the Debian maintainer is the same as\nthe upstream maintainer - the format is slightly different: then there\nis no diff, and the tarfile is named\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-_
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-.tar.gz
+)TT
+- and contains a directory\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1126
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Unpacking a Debian source package without
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+L1127
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1128
+-\n
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+-dpkg-source -x
+)TT
+- is the recommended way to unpack a Debian source\npackage. However, if it is not available it is possible to unpack a\nDebian source archive as follows:\n\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(ENUMLIST
+L1134
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Untar the tarfile, which will create a
+(TT
+-.orig
+)TT
+- directory.
+L1135
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Rename the
+(TT
+-.orig
+)TT
+- directory to\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+)TT
+-.
+L1137
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Create the subdirectory
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- at the top of the source\ntree.
+L1139
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Apply the diff using
+(TT
+-patch -p0
+)TT
+-.
+L1140
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Untar the tarfile again if you want a copy of the original\nsource code alongside the Debianised version.
+L1142
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+L1143
+)P
+(P
+L1144
+-\nIt is not possible to generate a valid Debian source archive without\nusing
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-. In particular, attempting to use\n
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- directly to generate the
+(TT
+-.diff.gz
+)TT
+- file will not work.\n
+L1149
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s3.4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .4.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.4.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Restrictions on objects in source packages
+L1150
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1151
+-\nThe source package may not contain any device special files, sockets\nor setuid or setgid files.
+(FOOTNOTE
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+-Setgid directories are\nallowed.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1155
+)P
+(P
+L1156
+-\nThe source packaging tools manage the changes between the original and\nDebianised source using
+(PRGN
+-diff
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-patch
+)PRGN
+-. Turning the\noriginal source tree as included in the
+(TT
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+- into the\ndebianised source must not involve any changes which cannot be handled\nby these tools. Problematic changes which cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- to\nhalt with an error when building the source package are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1164
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Adding or removing symbolic links, sockets or pipes.
+L1165
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changing the targets of symbolic links.
+L1166
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Creating directories, other than
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+-.
+L1167
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changes to the contents of binary files.
+L1168
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\nChanges which cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- to print a warning but continue\nanyway are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1172
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Removing files, directories or symlinks.
+(FOOTNOTE
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+-Renaming a\nfile is not treated specially - it is seen as the removal of the old\nfile (which generates a warning, but is otherwise ignored), and the\ncreation of the new one.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1176
+)P
+)ITEM
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+-\nChanges which are not represented, but which are not detected by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+-, are:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1180
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Changing the permissions of files (other than\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+-) and directories.
+L1182
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1183
+)P
+(P
+L1184
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- directory and
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- are handled\nspecially by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-source
+)PRGN
+- - before applying the changes it will\ncreate the
+(TT
+-debian
+)TT
+- directory, and afterwards it will make\n
+(TT
+-debian/rules
+)TT
+- world-exectuable.\n
+L1190
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA controlfields
+ASRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 4
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Control files and their fields
+L1191
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1192
+-\nMany of the tools in the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- suite manipulate data in a common\nformat, known as control files. Binary and source packages have\ncontrol data as do the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files which control the\ninstallation of uploaded files, and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s internal databases\nare in a similar format.\n
+L1199
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Syntax of control files
+L1200
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1201
+-\nA file consists of one or more paragraphs of fields. The paragraphs\nare separated by blank lines. Some control files only allow one\nparagraph; others allow several, in which case each paragraph often\nrefers to a different package.
+L1206
+)P
+(P
+L1207
+-\nEach paragraph is a series of fields and values; each field consists\nof a name, followed by a colon and the value. It ends at the end of\nthe line. Horizontal whitespace (spaces and tabs) may occur before or\nafter the value and is ignored there; it is conventional to put a\nsingle space after the colon.
+L1213
+)P
+(P
+L1214
+-\nSome fields' values may span several lines; in this case each\ncontinuation line
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- start with a space or tab. Any trailing\nspaces or tabs at the end of individual lines of a field value are\nignored.
+L1219
+)P
+(P
+L1220
+-\nExcept where otherwise stated only a single line of data is allowed\nand whitespace is not significant in a field body. Whitespace may\nnever appear inside names (of packages, architectures, files or\nanything else), version numbers or in between the characters of\nmulti-character version relationships.
+L1226
+)P
+(P
+L1227
+-\nField names are not case-sensitive, but it is usual to capitalise the\nfields using mixed case as shown below.
+L1230
+)P
+(P
+L1231
+-\nBlank lines, or lines consisting only of spaces and tabs, are not\nallowed within field values or between fields - that would mean a new\nparagraph.
+L1235
+)P
+(P
+L1236
+-\nIt is important to note that there are several fields which are\noptional as far as
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and the related tools are concerned,\nbut which must appear in every Debian package, or whose omission may\ncause problems. When writing the control files for Debian packages\nyou
+(EM
+-must
+)EM
+- read the Debian policy manual in conjuction with the\ndetails below and the list of fields for the particular file.\n
+L1244
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 4.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-List of fields\n
+L1246
+)HEADING
+AID CDATA f-Package
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Package
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+L1247
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1248
+-\nThe name of the binary package. Package names consist of the\nalphanumerics and
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+- (plus, minus and full\nstop).
+(FOOTNOTE
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+(TT
+-@
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-=
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-%
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-_
+)TT
+- (at,\ncolon, equals, percent and underscore) used to be legal and are still\naccepted when found in a package file, but may not be used in new\npackages
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+L1255
+)P
+(P
+L1256
+-\nThey must be at least two characters and must start with an\nalphanumeric. In current versions of dpkg they are sort of\ncase-sensitive
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-This is a bug.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-; use lowercase\npackage names unless the package you're building (or referring to, in\nother fields) is already using uppercase.\n
+L1263
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Version
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.2
+(SECT1
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+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+L1264
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1265
+-\nThis lists the source or binary package's version number - see
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(REF
+L1664 programmer.sgml
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)REF
+L1267
+-.\n
+L1269
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Architecture
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Architecture
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.3
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+L1270
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1271
+-\nThis is the architecture string; it is a single word for the CPU\narchitecture.
+L1274
+)P
+(P
+L1275
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will check the declared architecture of a binary package\nagainst its own compiled-in value before it installs it.
+L1278
+)P
+(P
+L1279
+-\nThe special value
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+- indicates that the package is\narchitecture-independent.
+L1282
+)P
+(P
+L1283
+-\nIn the main
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file in the source package, or in\nthe source package control file
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-, a list of architectures\n(separated by spaces) is also allowed, as is the special value\n
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+-. A list indicates that the source will build an\narchitecture-dependent package, and will only work correctly on the\nlisted architectures.
+(TT
+-any
+)TT
+- indicates that though the source\npackage isn't dependent on any particular architecture and should\ncompile fine on any one, the binary package(s) produced are not\narchitecture-independent but will instead be specific to whatever the\ncurrent build architecture is.
+L1294
+)P
+(P
+L1295
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file the
+(TT
+-Architecture
+)TT
+- field lists the\narchitecture(s) of the package(s) currently being uploaded. This will\nbe a list; if the source for the package is being uploaded too the\nspecial entry
+(TT
+-source
+)TT
+- is also present.
+L1300
+)P
+(P
+L1301
+-\nThe current build architecture can be determined using
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+-dpkg\n--print-architecture
+)TT
+-.
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+L1305
+-gcc --print-libgcc-file-name
+L1306
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand parses and decomposes the output and looks the CPU type from the\nGCC configuration in a table in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-. This is so that it will\nwork if you're cross-compiling.
+L1310
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\nThis value is automatically used by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+- when\nbuilding the control file for a binary package for which the source\ncontrol information doesn't specify architecture
+(TT
+-all
+)TT
+-.
+L1314
+)P
+(P
+L1315
+-\nThere is a separate option,
+(TT
+---print-installation-architecture
+)TT
+-,\nfor finding out what architecture
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is willing to install.\nThis information is also in the output of
+(TT
+-dpkg --version
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1320
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Maintainer
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Maintainer
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.4
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Maintainer
+)TT
+L1321
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1322
+-\nThe package maintainer's name and email address. The name should come\nfirst, then the email address inside angle brackets
+(TT
+-\|<\|\|>\|
+)TT
+- (in\nRFC822 format).
+L1326
+)P
+(P
+L1327
+-\nIf the maintainer's name contains a full stop then the whole field\nwill not work directly as an email address due to a misfeature in the\nsyntax specified in RFC822; a program using this field as an address\nmust check for this and correct the problem if necessary (for example\nby putting the name in round brackets and moving it to the end, and\nbringing the email address forward).
+L1334
+)P
+(P
+L1335
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog data this contains the\nname and email address of the person responsible for the particular\nversion in question - this may not be the package's usual maintainer.
+L1339
+)P
+(P
+L1340
+-\nThis field is usually optional in as far as the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- are\nconcerned, but its absence when building packages usually generates a\nwarning.\n
+L1345
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Source
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Source
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.5
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.5
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Source
+)TT
+L1346
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1347
+-\nThis field identifies the source package name.
+L1349
+)P
+(P
+L1350
+-\nIn a main source control information or a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-\nfile or parsed changelog data this may contain only the name of the\nsource package.
+L1354
+)P
+(P
+L1355
+-\nIn the control file of a binary package (or in a
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file)\nit may be followed by a version number in parentheses.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-It is\nusual to leave a space after the package name if a version number is\nspecified.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- This version number may be omitted (and is, by\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-gencontrol
+)PRGN
+-) if it has the same value as the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+-\nfield of the binary package in question. The field itself may be\nomitted from a binary package control file when the source package has\nthe same name and version as the binary package.\n
+L1365
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.2.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.6
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.6
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Package interrelationship fields:\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L1368
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1369
+-\nThese fields describe the package's relationships with other packages.\nTheir syntax and semantics are described in
+AID CDATA relationships
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 8
+(REF
+L2305 programmer.sgml
+-Declaring relationships between packages
+L2306
+)REF
+-.\n
+L1373
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Description
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Description
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.7
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.7
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+L1374
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1375
+-\nIn a binary package
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file or main source control file\nthis field contains a description of the binary package, in a special\nformat. See
+AID CDATA descriptions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(REF
+L2156 programmer.sgml
+-Descriptions of packages - the\n
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field
+L2158
+)REF
+- for details.
+L1379
+)P
+(P
+L1380
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file it contains a summary of the descriptions for\nthe packages being uploaded. The part of the field before the first\nnewline is empty; thereafter each line has the name of a binary\npackage and the summary description line from that binary package.\nEach line is indented by one space.\n
+L1387
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Essential
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Essential
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.8
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.8
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+L1388
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1389
+-\nThis is a boolean field which may occur only in the control file of a\nbinary package (or in the
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file) or in a per-package\nfields paragraph of a main source control data file.
+L1393
+)P
+(P
+L1394
+-\nIf set to
+(TT
+-yes
+)TT
+- then
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will refuse to\nremove the package (though it can be upgraded and/or replaced). The\nother possible value is
+(TT
+-no
+)TT
+-, which is the same as not having the\nfield at all.\n
+L1400
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L1401
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1402
+-\nThese two fields classify the package. The
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+- represents\nhow important that it is that the user have it installed; the\n
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- represents an application area into which the package has\nbeen classified.
+L1407
+)P
+(P
+L1408
+-\nWhen they appear in the
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file these fields give\nvalues for the section and priority subfields of the
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+- field\nof the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file, and give defaults for the section and\npriority of the binary packages.
+L1413
+)P
+(P
+L1414
+-\nThe section and priority are represented, though not as separate\nfields, in the information for each file in the
+AID CDATA f-Files
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Files
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.12
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.12
+(QREF
+L1417
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+)QREF
+- field of a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file. The\nsection value in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file is used to decide where to\ninstall a package in the FTP archive.
+L1420
+)P
+(P
+L1421
+-\nThese fields are not used by by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- proper, but by\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- when it sorts packages and selects defaults. See the\nDebian policy manual for the priorities in use and the criteria for\nselecting the priority for a Debian package, and look at the Debian\nFTP archive for a list of currently in-use priorities.
+L1427
+)P
+(P
+L1428
+-\nThese fields may appear in binary package control files, in which case\nthey provide a default value in case the
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files are\nmissing the information.
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will only use\nthe value from a
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file if they have no other information; a\nvalue listed in a
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- file will always take precedence. By\ndefault
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-genchanges
+)PRGN
+- does not include the section and\npriority in the control file of a binary package - use the
+(TT
+--isp
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+--is
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+--ip
+)TT
+- options to achieve this effect.\n
+L1438
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Binary
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Binary
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.10
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.10
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Binary
+)TT
+L1439
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1440
+-\nThis field is a list of binary packages.
+L1442
+)P
+(P
+L1443
+-\nWhen it appears in the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file it is the list of binary\npackages which a source package can produce. It does not necessarily\nproduce all of these binary packages for every architecture. The\nsource control file doesn't contain details of which architectures are\nappropriate for which of the binary packages.
+L1449
+)P
+(P
+L1450
+-\nWhen it appears in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file it lists the names of the\nbinary packages actually being uploaded.
+L1453
+)P
+(P
+L1454
+-\nThe syntax is a list of binary packages separated by\ncommas.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-A space after each comma is conventional.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\nCurrently the packages must be separated using only spaces in the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file.\n
+L1460
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Installed-Size
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Installed-Size
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.11
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.11
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Installed-Size
+)TT
+L1461
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1462
+-\nThis field appears in the control files of binary packages, and in the\n
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files. It gives the total amount of disk space\nrequired to install the named package.
+L1466
+)P
+(P
+L1467
+-\nThe disk space is represented in kilobytes as a simple decimal number.\n
+L1470
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Files
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Files
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.12
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.12
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+L1471
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1472
+-\nThis field contains a list of files with information about each one.\nThe exact information and syntax varies with the context. In all\ncases the the part of the field contents on the same line as the field\nname is empty. The remainder of the field is one line per file, each\nline being indented by one space and containing a number of sub-fields\nseparated by spaces.
+L1479
+)P
+(P
+L1480
+-\nIn the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- (Debian source control) file each line contains the\nMD5 checksum, size and filename of the tarfile and (if applicable)\ndiff file which make up the remainder of the source\npackage.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-That is, the parts which are not the\n
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+-.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- The exact forms of the filenames are described\nin
+AID CDATA sourcearchives
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcearchives
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.3
+(REF
+L1055 programmer.sgml
+-Source packages as archives
+L1056
+)REF
+-.
+L1487
+)P
+(P
+L1488
+-\nIn the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file this contains one line per file being\nuploaded. Each line contains the MD5 checksum, size, section and\npriority and the filename. The section and priority are the values of\nthe corresponding fields in the main source control file - see
+AID CDATA f-classification
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-classification
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.9
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.9
+(REF
+L1400 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Section
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+L1401
+)REF
+L1493
+-. If no section or priority is specified then\n
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+- should be used, though section and priority values must be\nspecified for new packages to be installed properly.
+L1496
+)P
+(P
+L1497
+-\nThe special value
+(TT
+-byhand
+)TT
+- for the section in a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file\nindicates that the file in question is not an ordinary package file\nand must by installed by hand by the distribution maintainers. If the\nsection is
+(TT
+-byhand
+)TT
+- the priority should be
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-.
+L1502
+)P
+(P
+L1503
+-\nIf a new Debian revision of a package is being shipped and no new\noriginal source archive is being distributed the
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- must still\ncontain the
+(TT
+-Files
+)TT
+- field entry for the original source archive\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+--
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-.orig.tar.gz
+)TT
+-, but the\n
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file should leave it out. In this case the original\nsource archive on the distribution site must match exactly,\nbyte-for-byte, the original source archive which was used to generate\nthe
+(TT
+-.dsc
+)TT
+- file and diff which are being uploaded.\n\n
+L1514
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Standards-Version
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Standards-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.13
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.13
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Standards-Version
+)TT
+L1515
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1516
+-\nThe most recent version of the standards (the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- programmers'\nand policy manuals and associated texts) with which the package\ncomplies. This is updated manually when editing the source package to\nconform to newer standards; it can sometimes be used to tell when a\npackage needs attention.
+L1522
+)P
+(P
+L1523
+-\nIts format is the same as that of a version number except that no\nepoch or Debian revision is allowed - see
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(REF
+L1664 programmer.sgml
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)REF
+-.\n\n
+L1528
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Distribution
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Distribution
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.14
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.14
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Distribution
+)TT
+L1529
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1530
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog output this contains the\n(space-separated) name(s) of the distribution(s) where this version of\nthe package should be or was installed. Distribution names follow the\nrules for package names. (See
+AID CDATA f-Package
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Package
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.1
+(REF
+L1246 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Package
+)TT
+L1247
+)REF
+-).
+L1535
+)P
+(P
+L1536
+-\nCurrent distribution values are
+(TT
+-stable
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-unstable
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-contrib
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-non-free
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-experimental
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1540
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Urgency
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Urgency
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.15
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.15
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Urgency
+)TT
+L1541
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1542
+-\nThis is a description of how important it is to upgrade to this\nversion from previous ones. It consists of a single keyword usually\ntaking one of the values
+(TT
+-LOW
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-MEDIUM
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-HIGH
+)TT
+-) followed\nby an optional commentary (separated by a space) which is usually in\nparentheses. For example:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1549
+-Urgency: LOW (HIGH for diversions users)
+L1550
+)EXAMPLE
+L1551
+)P
+(P
+L1552
+-\nThis field appears in the
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file and in parsed changelogs;\nits value appears as the value of the
+(TT
+-urgency
+)TT
+- attribute in a\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+--style changelog (see
+AID CDATA dpkgchangelog
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-dpkgchangelog
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.3
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.3
+(REF
+L834 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/changelog
+)TT
+L835
+)REF
+-).
+L1556
+)P
+(P
+L1557
+-\nUrgency keywords are not case-sensitive.\n
+L1560
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Date
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Date
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.16
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.16
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Date
+)TT
+L1561
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1562
+-\nIn
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files and parsed changelogs, this gives the date the\npackage was built or last edited.\n
+L1566
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Format
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Format
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.17
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.17
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Format
+)TT
+L1567
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1568
+-\nThis field occurs in
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- files, and specifies a format\nrevision for the file. The format described here is version
+(TT
+-1.5
+)TT
+-.\nThe syntax of the format value is the same as that of a package\nversion number except that no epoch or Debian revision is allowed -\nsee
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(REF
+L1664 programmer.sgml
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)REF
+-.\n
+L1575
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Changes
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Changes
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.18
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.18
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Changes
+)TT
+L1576
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1577
+-\nIn a
+(TT
+-.changes
+)TT
+- file or parsed changelog this field contains the\nhuman-readable changes data, describing the differences between the\nlast version and the current one.
+L1581
+)P
+(P
+L1582
+-\nThere should be nothing in this field before the first newline; all\nthe subsequent lines must be indented by at least one space; blank\nlines must be represented by a line consiting only of a space and a\nfull stop.
+L1587
+)P
+(P
+L1588
+-\nEach version's change information should be preceded by a `title' line\ngiving at least the version, distribution(s) and urgency, in a\nhuman-readable way.
+L1592
+)P
+(P
+L1593
+-\nIf data from several versions is being returned the entry for the most\nrecent version should be returned first, and entries should be\nseparated by the representation of a blank line (the `title' line may\nalso be followed by the representation of blank line).\n
+L1599
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Filename
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Filename
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.19
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.19
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Filename
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-MSDOS-Filename
+)TT
+L1600
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1601
+-\nThese fields in
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files give the filename(s) of (the parts\nof) a package in the distribution directories, relative to the root of\nthe Debian hierarchy. If the package has been split into several\nparts the parts are all listed in order, separated by spaces.\n
+L1607
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Size
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Size
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.20
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.20
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Size
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-MD5sum
+)TT
+L1608
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1609
+-\nThese fields in
+(TT
+-Packages
+)TT
+- files give the size (in bytes, expressed\nin decimal) and MD5 checksum of the file(s) which make(s) up a binary\npackage in the distribution. If the package is split into several\nparts the values for the parts are listed in order, separated by\nspaces.\n
+L1616
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Status
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Status
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.21
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.21
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Status
+)TT
+L1617
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1618
+-\nThis field in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file records whether the user wants a\npackage installed, removed or left alone, whether it is broken\n(requiring reinstallation) or not and what its current state on the\nsystem is. Each of these pieces of information is a single word.\n
+L1624
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Config-Version
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Config-Version
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.22
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.22
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Config-Version
+)TT
+L1625
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1626
+-\nIf a package is not installed or not configured, this field in\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file records the last version of the package which\nwas successfully configured.\n
+L1631
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID CDATA f-Conffiles
+ASRID CDATA s-f-Conffiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.23
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.23
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Conffiles
+)TT
+L1632
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1633
+-\nThis field in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s status file contains information about the\nautomatically-managed configuration files held by a package. This\nfield should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- appear anywhere in a package!\n
+L1638
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s4.2.24
+ACHAPT CDATA 4
+ACSRID CDATA ch-controlfields
+ASECT CDATA .2.24
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 4.2.24
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Obsolete fields
+L1639
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1640
+-\nThese are still recognised by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- but should not appear anywhere\nany more.\n\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L1646
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Revision
+)TT
+L1647
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Package-Revision
+)TT
+L1648
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Package_Revision
+)TT
+L1649
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1650
+(P
+-The Debian revision part of the package version was at one point in a\nseparate control file field. This field went through several names.\n
+L1653
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Recommended
+)TT
+L1654
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\n
+L1656
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Optional
+)TT
+L1657
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1659
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Class
+)TT
+L1660
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Old name for
+(TT
+-Priority
+)TT
+-.\n
+L1662
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L1664
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA versions
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1666
+-\nEvery package has a version number, in its
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- control file\nfield.
+L1669
+)P
+(P
+L1670
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- imposes an ordering on version numbers, so that it can tell\nwhether packages are being up- or downgraded and so that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-\ncan tell whether a package it finds available is newer than the one\ninstalled on the system. The version number format has the most\nsignificant parts (as far as comparison is concerned) at the\nbeginning.
+L1677
+)P
+(P
+L1678
+-\nThe version number format is:\n\|[\|
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+-\|]\|
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\|[\|
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+-\|]\|.
+L1681
+)P
+(P
+L1682
+-\nThe three components here are:\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L1687
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+L1688
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1690
+(P
+-This is a single unsigned integer, which should usually be small. It\nmay be omitted, in which case zero is assumed. If it is omitted then\nthe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- may not contain any colons.
+L1693
+)P
+(P
+L1694
+-\nIt is provided to allow mistakes in the version numbers of older\nversions of a package, and also a package's previous version numbering\nschemes, to be left behind.
+L1698
+)P
+(P
+L1699
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will not usually display the epoch unless it is essential\n(non-zero, or if the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- contains a colon);\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- does not display epochs at all in the main part of the\npackage selection display.\n
+L1705
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+L1706
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1708
+(P
+-This is the main part of the version. It is usually version number of\nthe original (`upstream') package of which the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file has been\nmade, if this is applicable. Usually this will be in the same format\nas that specified by the upstream author(s); however, it may need to\nbe reformatted to fit into
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s format and comparison scheme.
+L1713
+)P
+(P
+L1714
+-\nThe comparison behaviour of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- with respect to the\n
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- is described below. The
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\nportion of the version number is mandatory.
+L1718
+)P
+(P
+L1719
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- may contain only alphanumerics and the\ncharacters
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+--
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-:
+)TT
+- (full stop, plus, hyphen,\ncolon) and should start with a digit. If there is no\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- then hyphens are not allowed; if there is no\n
+(VAR
+-epoch
+)VAR
+- then colons are not allowed.\n
+L1726
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+L1727
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L1729
+(P
+-This part of the version represents the version of the modifications\nthat were made to the package to make it a Debian binary package. It\nis in the same format as the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\ncompares it in the same way.
+L1733
+)P
+(P
+L1734
+-\nIt is optional; if it isn't present then the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+-\nmay not contain a hyphen. This format represents the case where a\npiece of software was written specifically to be turned into a Debian\nbinary package, and so there is only one `debianization' of it and\ntherefore no revision indication is required.
+L1740
+)P
+(P
+L1741
+-\nIt is conventional to restart the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- at
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+- each\ntime the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- is increased.
+L1744
+)P
+(P
+L1745
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will break the
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and\n
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- apart at the last hyphen in the string. The\nabsence of a
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- compares earlier than the presence\nof one (but note that the
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- is the least\nsignificant part of the version number).
+L1751
+)P
+(P
+L1752
+-\nThe
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- may contain only alphanumerics and the\ncharacters
+(TT
+-+
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-.
+)TT
+- (plus and full stop).\n
+L1756
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n\nThe
+(VAR
+-upstream-version
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-debian-revision
+)VAR
+- parts are\ncompared by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- using the same algorithm:
+L1760
+)P
+(P
+L1761
+-\nThe strings are compared from left to right.
+L1763
+)P
+(P
+L1764
+-\nFirst the initial part of each string consisting entirely of non-digit\ncharacters is determined. These two parts (one of which may be empty)\nare compared lexically. If a difference is found it is returned. The\nlexical comparison is a comparison of ASCII values modified so that\nall the letters sort earlier than all the non-letters.
+L1770
+)P
+(P
+L1771
+-\nThen the initial part of the remainder of each string which consists\nentirely of digit characters is determined. The numerical values of\nthese two parts are compared, and any difference found is returned as\nthe result of the comparison. For these purposes an empty string\n(which can only occur at the end of one or both version strings being\ncompared) counts as zero.
+L1778
+)P
+(P
+L1779
+-\nThese two steps are repeated (chopping initial non-digit strings and\ninitial digit strings off from the start) until a difference is found\nor both strings are exhausted.
+L1783
+)P
+(P
+L1784
+-\nNote that the purpose of epochs is to allow us to leave behind\nmistakes in version numbering, and to cope with situations where the\nversion numbering changes. It is
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- there to cope with version\nnumbers containing strings of letters which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- cannot interpret\n(such as
+(TT
+-ALPHA
+)TT
+- or
+(TT
+-pre-
+)TT
+-), or with silly orderings (the author\nof this manual has heard of a package whose versions went
+(TT
+-1.1
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-1.2
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-1.3
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-1
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2.1
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2.2
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-2
+)TT
+- and so forth).
+L1792
+)P
+(P
+L1793
+-\nIf an upstream package has problematic version numbers they should be\nconverted to a sane form for use in the
+(TT
+-Version
+)TT
+- field.\n\n
+L1798
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA maintainerscripts
+ASRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 6
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Package maintainer scripts\nand installation procedure
+L1800
+)HEADING
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s6.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction to package maintainer scripts
+L1801
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1802
+-\nIt is possible supply scripts as part of a package which
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nwill run for you when your package is installed, upgraded or removed.
+L1805
+)P
+(P
+L1806
+-\nThese scripts should be the files
+(TT
+-preinst
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-postinst
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-prerm
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-postrm
+)TT
+- in the control area of the package. They\nmust be proper exectuable files; if they are scripts (which is\nrecommended) they must start with the usual
+(TT
+-#!
+)TT
+- convention. They\nshould be readable and executable to anyone, and not world-writeable.
+L1812
+)P
+(P
+L1813
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- looks at the exit status from these scripts. It is\nimportant that they exit with a non-zero status if there is an error,\nso that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- can stop its processing. For shell scripts this\nmeans that you
+(EM
+-almost always
+)EM
+- need to use
+(TT
+-set -e
+)TT
+- (this is\nusually true when writing shell scripts, in fact). It is also\nimportant, of course, that they don't exit with a non-zero status if\neverything went well.
+L1821
+)P
+(P
+L1822
+-\nIt is necessary for the error recovery procedures that the scripts be\nidempotent: ie, invoking the same script several times in the same\nsituation should do no harm. If the first call failed, or aborted\nhalf way through for some reason, the second call should merely do the\nthings that were left undone the first time, if any, and exit with a\nsuccess status.
+L1829
+)P
+(P
+L1830
+-\nWhen a package is upgraded a combination of the scripts from the old\nand new packages is called in amongst the other steps of the upgrade\nprocedure. If your scripts are going to be at all complicated you\nneed to be aware of this, and may need to check the arguments to your\nscripts.
+L1836
+)P
+(P
+L1837
+-\nBroadly speaking the
+(PRGN
+-preinst
+)PRGN
+- is called before (a particular\nversion of) a package is installed, and the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- afterwards;\nthe
+(PRGN
+-prerm
+)PRGN
+- before (a version of) a package is removed and the\n
+(PRGN
+-postrm
+)PRGN
+- afterwards.\n\n
+L1844
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA mscriptsinstact
+ASRID CDATA s-mscriptsinstact
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called
+L1845
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1846
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1848
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+L1849
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1850
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1851
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-preinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1852
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1853
+)P
+(P
+L1854
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1856
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-configure
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-most-recently-configured-version
+)VAR
+L1857
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new version
+)VAR
+L1858
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-remove
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1860
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-postinst
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-deconfigure
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-failed-install-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(TT
+-removing
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1863
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1864
+)P
+(P
+L1865
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1867
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+L1868
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1869
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-failed-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1870
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+-
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-\n
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1872
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-prerm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-deconfigure
+)TT
+-\n
+(TT
+-in-favour
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(TT
+-removing
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1875
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L1876
+)P
+(P
+L1877
+-\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L1879
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-remove
+)TT
+L1880
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-purge
+)TT
+L1881
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-old-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1882
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-failed-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1883
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-install
+)TT
+L1884
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-install
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1885
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-abort-upgrade
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1886
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+(VAR
+-disappearer's-postrm
+)VAR
+-
+(TT
+-disappear
+)TT
+-
+(VAR
+-overwriter
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1887
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n\n
+L1890
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s6.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of unpack phase of installation or upgrade
+L1891
+)HEADING
+(P
+L1892
+-\nThe procedure on installation/upgrade/overwrite/disappear (ie, when\nrunning
+(TT
+-dpkg --unpack
+)TT
+-, or the unpack stage of
+(TT
+-dpkg\n--install
+)TT
+-) is as follows. In each case if an error occurs the\nactions in are general run backwards - this means that the maintainer\nscripts are run with different arguments in reverse order. These are\nthe `error unwind' calls listed below.\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1901
+(ITEM
+L1903
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1904
+(ITEM
+L1905
+(P
+-If a version the package is already\ninstalled, call\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1908
+(VAR
+-old-prerm
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1909
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1911
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1912
+(P
+-If this gives an error (ie, a non-zero exit status), dpkg will\nattempt instead:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1915
+(VAR
+-new-prerm
+)VAR
+- failed-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1916
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind, for both the above cases:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1919
+(VAR
+-old-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1920
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1922
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1924
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1925
+(P
+-If a `conflicting' package is being removed at the same time:\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1928
+(ITEM
+L1929
+(P
+-If any packages depended on that conflicting package and\n
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- is specified, call, for each such package:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1932
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-prerm
+)VAR
+- deconfigure \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- \\\n removing
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1935
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1938
+(VAR
+-deconfigured's-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-deconfigure \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package-being-installed-but-failed
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+- \\\n removing
+(VAR
+-conflicting-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-version
+)VAR
+L1941
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nThe deconfigured packages are marked as requiring configuration, so\nthat if
+(TT
+---install
+)TT
+- is used they will be configured again if\npossible.\n
+L1946
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1947
+(P
+-To prepare for removal of the conflicting package, call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1949
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-prerm
+)VAR
+- remove in-favour
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1950
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1953
+(VAR
+-conflictor's-postinst
+)VAR
+- abort-remove \\\n in-favour
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L1955
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1957
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1959
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1960
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L1961
+(ITEM
+L1962
+(P
+-If the package is being upgraded, call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1964
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1965
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1967
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1968
+(P
+-Otherwise, if the package had some configuration files from a previous\nversion installed (ie, it is in the `configuration files only' state):\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1971
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- install
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L1972
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1974
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1975
+(P
+-Otherwise (ie, the package was completely purged):\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1977
+(VAR
+-new-preinst
+)VAR
+- install
+L1978
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind versions, respectively:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L1981
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-install
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- abort-install
+L1984
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L1986
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L1988
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L1989
+(P
+-The new package's files are unpacked, overwriting any that may be on\nthe system already, for example any from the old version of the same\npackage or from another package (backups of the old files are left\naround, and if anything goes wrong dpkg will attempt to put them back\nas part of the error unwind).
+L1994
+)P
+(P
+L1995
+-\nIt is an error for a package to contains files which are on the system\nin another package, unless
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- is used (see\n
+AID CDATA replaces
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-replaces
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.5
+(REF
+L2626 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- - overwriting files and replacing packages
+L2627
+)REF
+-). Currently the
+(TT
+---force-overwrite
+)TT
+- flag is\nenabled, downgrading it to a warning, but this may not always be the\ncase.
+L2001
+)P
+(P
+L2002
+-\nPackages which overwrite each other's files produce behaviour which\nthough deterministic is hard for the system administrator to\nunderstand. It can easily lead to `missing' programs if, for example,\na package is installed which overwrites a file from another package,\nand is then removed again.
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Part of the problem is due to what\nis arguably a bug in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-\n
+L2010
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2012
+(P
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2013
+(ITEM
+L2014
+(P
+-If the package is being upgraded, call\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2016
+(VAR
+-old-postrm
+)VAR
+- upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L2017
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2019
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2020
+(P
+-If this fails,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will attempt:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2022
+(VAR
+-new-postrm
+)VAR
+- failed-upgrade
+(VAR
+-old-version
+)VAR
+L2023
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nError unwind, for both cases:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2026
+(VAR
+-old-preinst
+)VAR
+- abort-upgrade
+(VAR
+-new-version
+)VAR
+L2027
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2029
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n\nThis is the point of no return - if
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- gets this far, it won't\nback off past this point if an error occurs. This will leave the\npackage in a fairly bad state, which will require a successful\nreinstallation to clear up, but it's when
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- starts doing\nthings that are irreversible.\n
+L2037
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2038
+(P
+-Any files which were in the old version of the package but not in the\nnew are removed.\n
+L2041
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2042
+(P
+-The new file list replaces the old.\n
+L2044
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2045
+(P
+-The new maintainer scripts replace the old.\n
+L2047
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2048
+(P
+-Any packages all of whose files have been overwritten during the\ninstallation, and which aren't required for dependencies, are considered\nto have been removed. For each such package,\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2053
+(ITEM
+L2054
+(P
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- calls:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2056
+(VAR
+-disappearer's-postrm
+)VAR
+- disappear \\\n
+(VAR
+-overwriter
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-overwriter-version
+)VAR
+L2058
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2060
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2061
+(P
+-The package's maintainer scripts are removed.\n
+L2063
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2064
+(P
+-It is noted in the status database as being in a sane state, namely\nnot installed (any conffiles it may have are ignored, rather than\nbeing removed by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-). Note that disappearing packages do not\nhave their prerm called, because
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- doesn't know in advance\nthat the package is going to vanish.\n
+L2070
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L2072
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2073
+(P
+-Any files in the package we're unpacking that are also listed in the\nfile lists of other packages are removed from those lists. (This will\nlobotomise the file list of the `conflicting' package if there is one.)\n
+L2077
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2078
+(P
+-The backup files made during installation, above, are deleted.\n
+L2080
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2081
+(P
+-The new package's status is now sane, and recorded as `unpacked'. Here\nis another point of no return - if the conflicting package's removal\nfails we do not unwind the rest of the installation; the conflicting\npackage is left in a half-removed limbo.\n
+L2086
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2087
+(P
+-If there was a conflicting package we go and do the removal actions\n(described below), starting with the removal of the conflicting\npackage's files (any that are also in the package being installed\nhave already been removed from the conflicting package's file list,\nand so do not get removed now).\n
+L2093
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n
+L2095
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s6.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of configuration
+L2096
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2097
+-\nWhen we configure a package (this happens with
+(TT
+-dpkg --install
+)TT
+-, or\nwith
+(TT
+---configure
+)TT
+-), we first update the conffiles and then call:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2101
+(VAR
+-postinst
+)VAR
+- configure
+(VAR
+-most-recently-configured-version
+)VAR
+L2102
+)EXAMPLE
+L2103
+)P
+(P
+L2104
+-\nNo attempt is made to unwind after errors during configuration.
+L2106
+)P
+(P
+L2107
+-\nIf there is no most recently configured version
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will pass a\nnull argument; older versions of dpkg may pass\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|unknown\|>\|
+)TT
+- (including the angle brackets) in this case.\nEven older ones do not pass a second argument at all, under any\ncircumstances.\n
+L2114
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s6.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.5
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Details of removal and/or configuration purging
+L2115
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2116
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(ENUMLIST
+L2118
+(ITEM
+L2119
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2120
+(VAR
+-prerm
+)VAR
+- remove
+L2121
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2123
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2124
+(P
+-The package's files are removed (except conffiles).\n
+L2126
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2127
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2128
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+- remove
+L2129
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2131
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2132
+(P
+-All the maintainer scripts except the postrm are removed.
+L2133
+)P
+(P
+L2134
+-\nIf we aren't purging the package we stop here. Note that packages\nwhich have no postrm and no conffiles are automatically purged when\nremoved, as there is no difference except for the
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- status.\n
+L2139
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2140
+(P
+-The conffiles and any backup files (
+(TT
+-~
+)TT
+--files,
+(TT
+-#*#
+)TT
+- files,\n
+(TT
+-%
+)TT
+--files,
+(TT
+-.dpkg-{old,new,tmp}
+)TT
+-, etc.) are removed.\n
+L2143
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2144
+(P
+(EXAMPLE
+L2145
+(VAR
+-postrm
+)VAR
+- purge
+L2146
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2148
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2149
+(P
+-The package's file list is removed.\n
+L2151
+)P
+)ITEM
+)ENUMLIST
+-\n\nNo attempt is made to unwind after errors during removal.\n\n
+L2156
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA descriptions
+ASRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 7
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Descriptions of packages - the\n
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field
+L2158
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2159
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- control file field is used by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- when\nthe user is selecting which packages to install and by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nwhen it displays information about the status of packages and so\nforth. It is included on the FTP site in the
+(PRGN
+-Packages
+)PRGN
+- files,\nand may also be used by the Debian WWW pages.
+L2165
+)P
+(P
+L2166
+-\nThe description is intended to describe the program to a user who has\nnever met it before so that they know whether they want to install it.\nIt should also give information about the significant dependencies and\nconflicts between this package and others, so that the user knows why\nthese dependencies and conflicts have been declared.
+L2172
+)P
+(P
+L2173
+-\nThe field's format is as follows:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2176
+-Description:
+(VAR
+-single line synopsis
+)VAR
+-\n
+(VAR
+-extended description over several lines
+)VAR
+L2178
+)EXAMPLE
+L2179
+)P
+(P
+L2180
+-\nThe synopsis is often printed in lists of packages and so forth, and\nshould be as informative as possible. Every package should also have\nan extended description.
+L2184
+)P
+(P
+L2186
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s7.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ACSRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 7.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Types of formatting line in the extended description
+L2187
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2188
+-\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(LIST
+L2190
+(ITEM
+L2191
+(P
+-Those starting with a single space are part of a paragraph.\nSuccessive lines of this form will be word-wrapped when displayed.\nThe leading space will usually be stripped off.\n
+L2195
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2196
+(P
+-Those starting with two or more spaces. These will be displayed\nverbatim. If the display cannot be panned horizontally the\ndisplaying program will linewrap them `hard' (ie, without taking\naccount of word breaks). If it can they will be allowed to trail\noff to the right. None, one or two initial spaces may be deleted,\nbut the number of spaces deleted from each line will be the same\n(so that you can have indenting work correctly, for example).\n
+L2204
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2205
+(P
+-Those containing a single space followed by a single full stop\ncharacter. These are rendered as blank lines. This is the
+(EM
+-only
+)EM
+-\nway to get a blank line - see below.\n
+L2209
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+L2210
+(P
+-Those containing a space, a full stop and some more characters. These\nare for future expansion. Do not use them.
+L2212
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+-\n
+L2214
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s7.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ACSRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 7.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Notes about writing descriptions
+L2215
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2216
+-\n
+(EM
+-Always
+)EM
+- start extended description lines with at least one\nwhitespace character. Fields in the control file and in the Packages\nfile are separated by field names starting in the first column, just\nas message header fields are in RFC822. Forgetting the whitespace\nwill cause
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-deb
+)PRGN
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Version 0.93.23 or\nlater.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+- to produce a syntax error when trying to build the\npackage. If you force it to build anyway
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will refuse to\ninstall the resulting mess.
+L2225
+)P
+(P
+L2226
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include any completely
+(EM
+-empty
+)EM
+- lines. These separate\ndifferent records in the Packages file and different packages in the\n
+(TT
+-debian/control
+)TT
+- file, and are forbidden in package control\nfiles. See the previous paragraph for what happens if you get this\nwrong.
+L2232
+)P
+(P
+L2233
+-\nThe single line synopsis should be kept brief - certainly under 80\ncharacters.
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- displays between 25 and 49 characters\nwithout panning if you're using an 80-column terminal, depending on\nwhat display options are in effect.
+L2238
+)P
+(P
+L2239
+-\nDo not include the package name in the synopsis line. The display\nsoftware knows how to display this already, and you do not need to\nstate it. Remember that in many situations the user may only see\nthe synopsis line - make it as informative as you can.
+L2244
+)P
+(P
+L2245
+-\nThe extended description should describe what the package does and\nhow it relates to the rest of the system (in terms of, for\nexample, which subsystem it is which part of).
+L2249
+)P
+(P
+L2250
+-\nThe blurb that comes with a program in its announcements and/or\n
+(PRGN
+-README
+)PRGN
+- files is rarely suitable for use in a description. It\nis usually aimed at people who are already in the community where the\npackage is used. The description field needs to make sense to anyone,\neven people who have no idea about any of the\nthings the package deals with.
+L2257
+)P
+(P
+L2258
+-\nPut important information first, both in the synopis and extended\ndescription. Sometimes only the first part of the synopsis or of\nthe description will be displayed. You can assume that there will\nusually be a way to see the whole extended description.
+L2263
+)P
+(P
+L2264
+-\nYou may include information about dependencies and so forth in the\nextended description, if you wish.
+L2267
+)P
+(P
+L2268
+-\nDo not use tab characters. Their effect is not predictable.
+L2270
+)P
+(P
+L2271
+-\nDo not try to linewrap the summary (the part on the same line as the\nfield name
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+-) into the extended description. This will\nnot work correctly when the full description is displayed, and makes\nno sense where only the summary is available.\n
+L2277
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s7.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 7
+ACSRID CDATA ch-descriptions
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 7.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Example description in control file for Smail
+L2278
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2279
+-\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2281
+-Package: smail\nVersion: 3.1.29.1-13\nMaintainer: Ian Jackson \|<\|iwj10@cus.cam.ac.uk\|>\|\nRecommends: pine | mailx | elm | emacs | mail-user-agent\nSuggests: metamail\nDepends: cron, libc5\nConflicts: sendmail\nProvides: mail-transport-agent\nDescription: Electronic mail transport system.\n Smail is the recommended mail transport agent (MTA) for Debian.\n .\n An MTA is the innards of the mail system - it takes messages from\n user-friendly mailer programs and arranges for them to be delivered\n locally or passed on to other systems as required.\n .\n In order to make use of it you must have one or more user level\n mailreader programs such as elm, pine, mailx or Emacs (which has Rmail\n and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other\n than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate\n and VM as mailreaders) installed. If you wish to send messages other\n than just to other users of your system you must also have appropriate\n networking support, in the form of IP or UUCP.
+L2303
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2305
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA relationships
+ASRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 8
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Declaring relationships between packages
+L2306
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2307
+-\nPackages can declare in their control file that they have certain\nrelationships to other packages - for example, that they may not be\ninstalled at the same time as certain other packages, and/or that they\ndepend on the presence of others, or that they should overwrite files\nin certain other packages if present.
+L2313
+)P
+(P
+L2314
+-\nThis is done using the
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- control file fields.
+L2317
+)P
+(P
+L2319
+)P
+AID CDATA depsyntax
+ASRID CDATA s-depsyntax
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Syntax of relationship fields
+L2320
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2321
+-\nThese fields all have a uniform syntax. They are a list of package\nnames separated by commas.
+L2324
+)P
+(P
+L2325
+-\nIn
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-\n(the fields which declare dependencies of the package in which they\noccur on other packages) these package names may also be lists of\nalternative package names, separated by vertical bar symbols
+(TT
+-|
+)TT
+-\n(pipe symbols).
+L2331
+)P
+(P
+L2332
+-\nAll the fields except
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- may restrict their applicability\nto particular versions of each named package. This is done in\nparentheses after each individual package name; the parentheses should\ncontain a relation from the list below followed by a version number,\nin the format described in
+AID CDATA versions
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-versions
+ACHAPT CDATA 5
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 5
+(REF
+L1664 programmer.sgml
+-Version numbering
+L1665
+)REF
+-.
+L2338
+)P
+(P
+L2339
+-\nThe relations allowed are\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|\|<\|
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-\|<\|=
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-=
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-\|>\|=
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-\|>\|\|>\|
+)TT
+-\nfor strictly earlier, earlier or equal, exactly equal, later or equal\nand strictly later, respectively. The forms
+(TT
+-\|<\|
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-\|>\|
+)TT
+-\nwere used to mean earlier/later or equal, rather than strictly\nearlier/later, so they should not appear in new packages (though\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- still supports them).
+L2351
+)P
+(P
+L2352
+-\nWhitespace may appear at any point in the version specification, and\nmust appear where it's necessary to disambiguate; it is not otherwise\nsignificant. For consistency and in case of future changes to\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- it is recommended that a single space be used after a\nversion relationship and before a version number; it is usual also to\nput a single space after each comma, on either side of each vertical\nbar, and before each open parenthesis.
+L2360
+)P
+(P
+L2361
+-\nFor example:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2364
+-Package: metamail\nVersion: 2.7-3\nDepends: libc5 (>= 5.2.18-4), mime-support, csh | tcsh
+L2367
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L2369
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies -
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+L2370
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2371
+-\nThese four fields are used to declare a dependency by one package on\nanother. They appear in the depending package's control file.
+L2374
+)P
+(P
+L2375
+-\nAll but
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+- (discussed below) take effect
+(EM
+-only
+)EM
+- when\na package is to be configured. They do not prevent a package being on\nthe system in an unconfigured state while its dependencies are\nunsatisfied, and it is possible to replace a package whose\ndependencies are satisfied and which is properly installed with a\ndifferent version whose dependencies are not and cannot be satisfied;\nwhen this is done the depending package will be left unconfigured\n(since attempts to configure it will give errors) and will not\nfunction properly.
+L2385
+)P
+(P
+L2386
+-\nFor this reason packages in an installation run are usually all\nunpacked first and all configured later; this gives later versions of\npackages with dependencies on later versions of other packages the\nopportunity to have their dependencies satisfied.
+L2391
+)P
+(P
+L2392
+-\nThus
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- allows package maintainers to impose an order in\nwhich packages should be configured.\n\n
+ACOMPACT IMPLIED
+(TAGLIST
+L2397
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+L2398
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2400
+(P
+-This declares an absolute dependency.
+L2401
+)P
+(P
+L2402
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will not configure\npackages whose dependencies aren't satisfied. If it is asked to make\nan installation which would cause an installed package's dependencies\nto become unsatisfied it will complain
+(FOOTNOTE
+(P
+-Current versions\n(1.2.4) of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- have a bug in this area which will cause some of\nthese problems to be ignored.
+)P
+)FOOTNOTE
+-, unless\n
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- is specified, in which case those packages\nwill be deconfigured before the installation proceeds.
+L2411
+)P
+(P
+L2412
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- makes it hard for the user to select packages for\ninstallation, removal or upgrade in a way that would mean that\npackages'
+(PRGN
+-Depends
+)PRGN
+- fields would be unsatisfied. The user can\noverride this if they wish, for example if they know that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-\nhas an out-of-date view of the real package relationships.
+L2418
+)P
+(P
+L2419
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- field should be used if the depended-on package is\nrequired for the depending package to provide a significant amount of\nfunctionality.\n
+L2424
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+L2425
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2426
+(P
+-This declares a strong, but not absolute, dependency.
+L2427
+)P
+(P
+L2428
+-\n
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- is ignored by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, so that users using the\ncommand-line (who are presumed to know what they're doing) will not be\nimpeded.
+L2432
+)P
+(P
+L2433
+-\nIt is treated by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- exactly as
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- is; this makes\nit hard for the user to select things so as to leave
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-\nfields unsatisfied, but they are able to do so by being persistent.
+L2437
+)P
+(P
+L2438
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+- field should list packages that would be found\ntogether with this one in all but unusual installations.\n
+L2442
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+L2443
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2445
+(P
+-This is used to declare that one package may be more useful with one\nor more others. Using this field tells the packaging system and the\nuser that the listed packages are be related to this one and can\nperhaps enhance its usefulness, but that installing this one without\nthem is perfectly reasonable.
+L2450
+)P
+(P
+L2451
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will offer suggsted packages to the system administrator\nwhen they select the suggesting package, but the default is not to\ninstall the suggested package.\n
+L2456
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+L2457
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+L2459
+(P
+-This field is like
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-, except that it also forces
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nto complete installation of the packages named before even starting\nthe installation of the package which declares the predependency.
+L2462
+)P
+(P
+L2463
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- checks for predependencies when it is doing an\ninstallation run, and will attempt to find the packages which are\nrequired to be installed first and do so in the right order.
+L2467
+)P
+(P
+L2468
+-\nHowever, this process is slow (because it requires repeated\ninvocations of
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-) and troublesome (because it requires\nguessing where to find the appropriate files).
+L2472
+)P
+(P
+L2473
+-\nFor these reasons, and because this field imposes restrictions on the\norder in which packages may be unpacked (which can be difficult for\ninstallations from multipart media, for example),
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+-\nshould be used sparingly, preferably only by packages whose premature\nupgrade or installation would hamper the ability of the system to\ncontinue with any upgrade that might be in progress.
+L2480
+)P
+(P
+L2481
+-\nWhen the package declaring it is being configured, a\n
+(TT
+-Pre-Dependency
+)TT
+- will be considered satisfied only if the depending\npackage has been correctly configured, just as if an ordinary\n
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+- had been used.
+L2486
+)P
+(P
+L2487
+-\nHowever, when a package declaring a predependency is being unpacked\nthe predependency can be satisfied even if the depended-on package(s)\nare only unpacked or half-configured, provided that they have been\nconfigured correctly at some point in the past (and not removed or\npartially removed since). In this case both the previously-configured\nand currently unpacked or half-configured versions must satisfy any\nversion clause in the
+(TT
+-Pre-Depends
+)TT
+- field.\n
+L2496
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+-\n
+L2498
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.2.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .2.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.2.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Dependencies on shared libraries
+L2499
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2500
+-\nThe dependency fields listed above are used by packages which need\nshared libraries to declare dependencies on the appropriate packages.
+L2503
+)P
+(P
+L2504
+-\nThese dependencies are usually determined automatically using\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-shlibdeps
+)PRGN
+- and inserted in the package control file using\nthe control file substitution variables mechanism; see
+AID CDATA srcsubstvars
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT1
+ASRID CDATA s-srcsubstvars
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .2.4
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 3.2.4
+(REF
+L983 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-debian/substvars
+)TT
+- and variable substitutions
+L984
+)REF
+L2508
+- and
+AID CDATA sourcetools
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-sourcetools
+ACHAPT CDATA 3
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sourcepkg
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 3.1
+(REF
+L363 programmer.sgml
+-Tools for processing source packages
+L364
+)REF
+-.\n
+L2510
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.2.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .2.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.2.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Deconfiguration due to removal during bulk installations
+L2511
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2512
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- would like to remove a package due to a conflict, as\ndescribed above, but this would violate a dependency of some other\npackage on the system,
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will usually not remove the\nconflicting package and halt with an error.
+L2517
+)P
+(P
+L2518
+-\nHowever, if the
+(TT
+---auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+- (
+(TT
+--B
+)TT
+-) option is used\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will automatically `deconfigure' the package with the\nproblematic dependency, so that the conflicting package can be removed\nand the package we're trying to install can be installed. If\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- is being asked to install packages (rather than just\nunpacking them) it will try to reconfigure the package when it has\nunpacked all its arguments, in the hope that one of the other packages\nit is installing will satisfy the problematic dependency.
+L2527
+)P
+(P
+L2528
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- supplies this argument to
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- when it invokes it,\nso that bulk installations proceed smoothly.\n
+L2532
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID CDATA conflicts
+ASRID CDATA s-conflicts
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Alternative packages -
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L2533
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2534
+-\nWhen one package declares a conflict with another
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will\nrefuse to allow them to be installed on the system at the same time.
+L2537
+)P
+(P
+L2538
+-\nIf one package is to be installed, the other must be removed first -\nif the package being installed is marked as replacing (
+AID CDATA replaces
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-replaces
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.5
+(REF
+L2626 programmer.sgml
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- - overwriting files and replacing packages
+L2627
+)REF
+L2541
+-) the one on the system, or the one on the system is\nmarked as deselected, or both packages are marked
+(TT
+-Essential
+)TT
+-, then\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will automatically remove the package which is causing the\nconflict, otherwise it will halt the installation of the new package\nwith an error.
+L2546
+)P
+(P
+L2547
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- makes it hard to select conflicting packages, though the\nuser can override this if they wish. If they do not override it then\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will select one of the packages for removal, and the user\nmust make sure it is the right one. In the future
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will\nlook for the presence of a
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- field to help decide which\npackage should be installed and which removed.
+L2554
+)P
+(P
+L2555
+-\nA package will not cause a conflict merely because its configuration\nfiles are still installed; it must be at least half-installed.
+L2558
+)P
+(P
+L2559
+-\nA special exception is made for packages which declare a conflict with\ntheir own package name, or with a virtual package which they provide\n(see below): this does not prevent their installation, and allows a\npackage to conflict with others providing a replacement for it. You\nuse this feature when you want the package in question to be the only\npackage providing something.
+L2566
+)P
+(P
+L2567
+-\nA
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- entry should almost never have an `earlier than'\nversion clause. This would prevent
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- from upgrading or\ninstalling the package which declared such a conflict until the\nupgrade or removal of the conflicted-with package had been completed.\nThis aspect of installation ordering is not handled by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-,\nso that the use
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- in this way is likely to cause problems\nfor `bulk run' upgrades and installations.
+L2575
+)P
+(P
+L2576
+-\n
+L2578
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA virtual
+ASRID CDATA s-virtual
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Virtual packages -
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+L2579
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2580
+-\nAs well as the names of actual (`concrete') packages, the package\nrelationship fields
+(TT
+-Depends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Recommends
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-Suggests
+)TT
+- and\n
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- may mention virtual packages.
+L2584
+)P
+(P
+L2585
+-\nA virtual package is one which appears in the
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- control\nfile field of another package. The effect is as if the package(s)\nwhich provide a particular virtual package name had been listed by\nname everywhere were the virtual package name appears.
+L2590
+)P
+(P
+L2591
+-\nIf there are both a real and a virtual package of the same name then\nthe dependency may be satisfied (or the conflict caused) by either the\nreal package or any of the virtual packages which provide it. This is\nso that, for example, supposing we have\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2597
+-Package: vm\nDepends: emacs
+L2599
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand someone else releases an xemacs package they can say\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2602
+-Package: xemacs\nProvides: emacs
+L2604
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand all will work in the interim (until a purely virtual package name\nis decided on and the
+(TT
+-emacs
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-vm
+)TT
+- packages are changed to\nuse it).
+L2608
+)P
+(P
+L2609
+-\nIf a dependency or a conflict has a version number attached then only\nreal packages will be considered to see whether the relationship is\nsatisfied (or the prohibition violated, for a conflict) - it is\nassumed that a real package which provides virtual package is not of\nthe `right' version. So, a
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+- field may not contain\nversion numbers, and the version number of the concrete package which\nprovides a particular virtual package will not be looked at when\nconsidering a dependency on or conflict with the virtual package name.
+L2618
+)P
+(P
+L2619
+-\nIf you want to specify which of a set of real packages should be the\ndefault to satisfy a particular dependency on a virtual package, you\nshould list the real package as alternative before the virtual.
+L2623
+)P
+(P
+L2624
+-\n
+L2626
+)P
+)SECT
+AID CDATA replaces
+ASRID CDATA s-replaces
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.5
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- - overwriting files and replacing packages
+L2627
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2628
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- control file field has two purposes, which come into\nplay in different situations.
+L2631
+)P
+(P
+L2632
+-\nVirtual packages (
+AID CDATA virtual
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-virtual
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.4
+(REF
+L2578 programmer.sgml
+-Virtual packages -
+(TT
+-Provides
+)TT
+L2579
+)REF
+-) are not considered when looking\nat a
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- field - the packages declared as being replaced\nmust be mentioned by their real names.\n
+L2637
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.5.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5.1
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.5.1
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Overwriting files in other packages
+L2638
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2639
+-\nFirstly, as mentioned before, it is usually an error for a package to\ncontains files which are on the system in another package, though\ncurrently the
+(TT
+---force-overwrite
+)TT
+- flag is enabled by default,\ndowngrading the error to a warning,
+L2644
+)P
+(P
+L2645
+-\nIf the overwriting package declares that it replaces the one\ncontaining the file being overwritten then
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will proceed, and\nreplace the file from the old package with that from the new. The\nfile will no longer be listed as `owned' by the old package.
+L2650
+)P
+(P
+L2651
+-\nIf a package is completely replaced in this way, so that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\ndoes not know of any files it still contains, it is considered to have\ndisappeared. It will be marked as not wanted on the system (selected\nfor removal) and not installed. Any conffiles details noted in the\npackage will be ignored, as they will have been taken over by the\nreplacing package(s). The package's
+(PRGN
+-postrm
+)PRGN
+- script will be run to\nallow the package to do any final cleanup required.\nSee
+AID CDATA mscriptsinstact
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-mscriptsinstact
+ACHAPT CDATA 6
+ACSRID CDATA ch-maintainerscripts
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 6.2
+(REF
+L1844 programmer.sgml
+-Summary of ways maintainer scripts are called
+L1845
+)REF
+-.
+L2660
+)P
+(P
+L2661
+-\nIn the future
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will discard files which overwrite those from\nanother package which declares that it replaces the one being\ninstalled (so that you can install an older version of a package\nwithout problems).
+L2666
+)P
+(P
+L2667
+-\nThis usage of
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- only takes effect when both packages are\nat least partially on the system at once, so that it can only happen\nif they do not conflict or if the conflict has been overridden.\n
+L2672
+)P
+)SECT1
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.5.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .5.2
+AHNAME CDATA subsection 8.5.2
+(SECT1
+(HEADING
+-Replacing whole packages, forcing their removal
+L2673
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2674
+-\nSecondly,
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+- allows
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- to resolve\nwhich package should be removed when a conflict - see\n
+AID CDATA conflicts
+ALEVEL CDATA SECT
+ASRID CDATA s-conflicts
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.3
+(REF
+L2532 programmer.sgml
+-Alternative packages -
+(TT
+-Conflicts
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-Replaces
+)TT
+L2533
+)REF
+-. This usage only takes effect when the two\npackages
+(EM
+-do
+)EM
+- conflict, so that the two effects do not interfere\nwith each other.
+L2680
+)P
+(P
+L2682
+)P
+)SECT1
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s8.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 8
+ACSRID CDATA ch-relationships
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 8.6
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Defaults for satisfying dependencies - ordering
+L2683
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2684
+-\nOrdering is significant in dependency fields.
+L2686
+)P
+(P
+L2687
+-\nUsually dselect will suggest to the user that they select the package\nwith the most `fundamental' class (eg, it will prefer Base packages to\nOptional ones), or the one that they `most wanted' to select in some\nsense.
+L2692
+)P
+(P
+L2693
+-\nIn the absence of other information
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will offer a\ndefault selection of the first named package in a list of\nalternatives.
+L2697
+)P
+(P
+L2698
+-\nHowever, there is no way to specify the `order' of several packages\nwhich all provide the same thing, when that thing is listed as a\ndependency.
+L2702
+)P
+(P
+L2703
+-\nTherefore a dependency on a virtual package should contain a concrete\npackage name as the first alternative, so that this is the default.
+L2706
+)P
+(P
+L2707
+-\nFor example, consider the set of packages:\n\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2711
+-Package: glibcdoc\nRecommends: info-browser\n\nPackage: info\nProvides: info-browser\n\nPackage: emacs\nProvides: info-browser
+L2719
+)EXAMPLE
+L2720
+)P
+(P
+L2721
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-emacs
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-info
+)PRGN
+- both have the same priority then\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s choice is essentially random. Better would be\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2725
+-Package: glibcdoc\nRecommends: info | info-browser
+L2727
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nso that
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- defaults to selecting the lightweight standalone\ninfo browser.\n\n\n
+L2733
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA conffiles
+ASRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 9
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration file handling
+L2734
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2735
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- can do a certain amount of automatic handling of package\nconfiguration files.
+L2738
+)P
+(P
+L2739
+-\nWhether this mechanism is appropriate depends on a number of factors,\nbut basically there are two approaches to any particular configuration\nfile.
+L2743
+)P
+(P
+L2744
+-\nThe easy method is to ship a best-effort configuration in the package,\nand use
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conffile mechanism to handle updates. If the user\nis unlikely to want to edit the file, but you need them to be able to\nwithout losing their changes, and a new package with a changed version\nof the file is only released infrequently, this is a good approach.
+L2750
+)P
+(P
+L2751
+-\nThe hard method is to build the configuration file from scratch in the\n
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script, and to take the responsibility for fixing any\nmistakes made in earlier versions of the package automatically. This\nwill be appropriate if the file is likely to need to be different on\neach system.\n
+L2758
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s9.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ACSRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 9.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Automatic handling of configuration files by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+L2759
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2760
+-\nA package may contain a control area file called
+(TT
+-conffiles
+)TT
+-. This\nfile should be a list of filenames of configuration files needing\nautomatic handling, separated by newlines. The filenames should be\nabsolute pathnames, and the files referred to should actually exist in\nthe package.
+L2766
+)P
+(P
+L2767
+-\nWhen a package is upgraded
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will process the configuration\nfiles during the configuration stage, shortly before it runs the\npackage's
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script,
+L2771
+)P
+(P
+L2772
+-\nFor each file it checks to see whether the version of the file\nincluded in the package is the same as the one that was included in\nthe last version of the package (the one that is being upgraded\nfrom); it also compares the version currently installed on the system\nwith the one shipped with the last version.
+L2778
+)P
+(P
+L2779
+-\nIf neither the user nor the package maintainer has changed the file,\nit is left alone. If one or the other has changed their version, then\nthe changed version is preferred - ie, if the user edits their file,\nbut the package maintainer doesn't ship a different version, the\nuser's changes will stay, silently, but if the maintainer ships a new\nversion and the user hasn't edited it the new version will be\ninstalled (with an informative message). If both have changed their\nversion the user is prompted about the problem and must resolve the\ndifferences themselves.
+L2789
+)P
+(P
+L2790
+-\nThe comparisons are done by calculating the MD5 message digests of the\nfiles, and storing the MD5 of the file as it was included in the most\nrecent version of the package.
+L2794
+)P
+(P
+L2795
+-\nWhen a package is installed for the first time
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will install\nthe file that comes with it, unless that would mean overwriting a file\nalready on the filesystem.
+L2799
+)P
+(P
+L2800
+-\nHowever, note that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- replace a conffile that\nwas removed by the user (or by a script). This is necessary because\nwith some programs a missing file produces an effect hard or\nimpossible to achieve in another way, so that a missing file needs to\nbe kept that way if the user did it.
+L2806
+)P
+(P
+L2807
+-\nNote that a package should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- modify a
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+--handled\nconffile in its maintainer scripts. Doing this will lead to\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- giving the user confusing and possibly dangerous options\nfor conffile update when the package is upgraded.\n
+L2813
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s9.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 9
+ACSRID CDATA ch-conffiles
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 9.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Fully-featured maintainer script configuration handling
+L2814
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2815
+-\nFor files which contain site-specific information such as the hostname\nand networking details and so forth, it is better to create the file\nin the package's
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script.
+L2819
+)P
+(P
+L2820
+-\nThis will typically involve examining the state of the rest of the\nsystem to determine values and other information, and may involve\nprompting the user for some information which can't be obtained some\nother way.
+L2825
+)P
+(P
+L2826
+-\nWhen using this method there are a couple of important issues which\nshould be considered:
+L2829
+)P
+(P
+L2830
+-\nIf you discover a bug in the program which generates the configuration\nfile, or if the format of the file changes from one version to the\nnext, you will have to arrange for the postinst script to do something\nsensible - usually this will mean editing the installed configuration\nfile to remove the problem or change the syntax. You will have to do\nthis very carefully, since the user may have changed the file, perhaps\nto fix the very problem that your script is trying to deal with - you\nwill have to detect these situations and deal with them correctly.
+L2839
+)P
+(P
+L2840
+-\nIf you do go down this route it's probably a good idea to make the\nprogram that generates the configuration file(s) a separate program in\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin
+)TT
+-, by convention called
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-config
+)TT
+- and\nthen run that if appropriate from the post-installation script. The\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+-config
+)TT
+- program should not unquestioningly overwrite\nan existing configuration - if its mode of operation is geared towards\nsetting up a package for the first time (rather than any arbitrary\nreconfiguration later) you should have it check whether the\nconfiguration already exists, and require a
+(TT
+---force
+)TT
+- flag to\noverwrite it.\n\n\n
+L2854
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA alternatives
+ASRID CDATA ch-alternatives
+ACHAPT CDATA 10
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 10
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Alternative versions of an interface -\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+L2856
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2857
+-\nWhen several packages all provide different versions of the same\nprogram or file it is useful to have the system select a default, but\nto allow the system administrator to change it and have their\ndecisions respected.
+L2862
+)P
+(P
+L2863
+-\nFor example, there are several versions of the
+(PRGN
+-vi
+)PRGN
+- editor, and\nthere is no reason to prevent all of them from being installed at\nonce, each under their own name (
+(PRGN
+-nvi
+)PRGN
+-,
+(PRGN
+-vim
+)PRGN
+- or whatever).\nNevertheless it is desirable to have the name
+(TT
+-vi
+)TT
+- refer to\nsomething, at least by default.
+L2869
+)P
+(P
+L2870
+-\nIf all the packages involved cooperate, this can be done with\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+-.
+L2873
+)P
+(P
+L2874
+-\nEach package provides its own version under its own name, and calls\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+- in its postinst to register its version\n(and again in its prerm to deregister it).
+L2878
+)P
+(P
+L2879
+-\nSee the manpage
+ANAME CDATA update-alternatives
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+- for\ndetails.
+L2882
+)P
+(P
+L2883
+-\nIf
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+- does not seem appropriate you may wish\nto consider using diversions instead.\n\n
+L2888
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA diversions
+ASRID CDATA ch-diversions
+ACHAPT CDATA 11
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 11
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Diversions - overriding a package's version of a file
+L2889
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2890
+-\nIt is possible to have
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- not overwrite a file when it\nreinstalls the package it belongs to, and to have it put the file from\nthe package somewhere else instead.
+L2894
+)P
+(P
+L2895
+-\nThis can be used locally to override a package's version of a file, or\nby one package to override another's version (or provide a wrapper for\nit).
+L2899
+)P
+(P
+L2900
+-\nBefore deciding to use a diversion, read
+AID CDATA alternatives
+ALEVEL CDATA CHAPT
+ASRID CDATA ch-alternatives
+ACHAPT CDATA 10
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 10
+(REF
+L2854 programmer.sgml
+-Alternative versions of an interface -\n
+(PRGN
+-update-alternatives
+)PRGN
+L2856
+)REF
+- to\nsee if you really want a diversion rather than several alternative\nversions of a program.
+L2904
+)P
+(P
+L2905
+-\nThere is a diversion list, which is read by
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-, and updated\nby a special program
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+-. Please see
+ANAME CDATA dpkg-divert
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L2908
+- for full details of its operation.
+L2909
+)P
+(P
+L2910
+-\nWhen a package wishes to divert a file from another, it should call\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+- in its preinst to add the diversion and rename the\nexisting file. For example, supposing that a
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+-\npackage wishes to install a wrapper around
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/smail
+)TT
+-:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2916
+-if [ install = "$1" ]; then\n dpkg-divert --package smailwrapper --add --rename \\\n\011\011--divert /usr/sbin/smail.real /usr/sbin/smail\nfi
+L2920
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nTesting
+(TT
+-$1
+)TT
+- is necessary so that the script doesn't try to add the\ndiversion again when
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+- is upgraded. The\n
+(TT
+---package smailwrapper
+)TT
+- ensures that
+(PRGN
+-smailwrapper
+)PRGN
+-'s copy of\n
+(TT
+-/usr/sbin/smail
+)TT
+- can bypass the diversion and get installed as\nthe true version.
+L2926
+)P
+(P
+L2927
+-\nThe postrm has to do the reverse:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L2930
+-if [ remove = "$1" ]; then\n dpkg-divert --package smailwrapper --remove --rename \\\n --divert /usr/sbin/smail.real /usr/sbin/smail\nfi
+L2934
+)EXAMPLE
+L2935
+)P
+(P
+L2936
+-\nDo not attempt to divert a file which is vitally important for the\nsystem's operation - when using
+(PRGN
+-dpkg-divert
+)PRGN
+- there is a time,\nafter it has been diverted but before
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- has installed the\nnew version, when the file does not exist.\n\n
+L2943
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sharedlibs
+ASRID CDATA ch-sharedlibs
+ACHAPT CDATA 12
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 12
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Shared libraries
+L2944
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2945
+-\nPackages containing shared libraries must be constructed with a little\ncare to make sure that the shared library is always available. This\nis especially important for packages whose shared libraries are\nvitally important, such as the libc.
+L2950
+)P
+(P
+L2951
+-\nFirstly, your package should install the shared libraries under their\nnormal names. For example, the
+(PRGN
+-libgdbm1
+)PRGN
+- package should install\n
+(TT
+-libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+- as
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+-. The\nfiles should not be renamed or relinked by any prerm or postrm\nscripts;
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- will take care of renaming things safely without\naffecting running programs, and attempts to interfere with this are\nlikely to lead to problems.
+L2959
+)P
+(P
+L2960
+-\nSecondly, your package should include the symlink that
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+-\nwould create for the shared libraries. For example, the
+(PRGN
+-libgdbm1
+)PRGN
+-\npackage should include a symlink from
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/libgdbm.so.1
+)TT
+-\nto
+(TT
+-libgdbm.so.1.7.3
+)TT
+-. This is needed so that
+(PRGN
+-ld.so
+)PRGN
+- can find\nthe library in between the time
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- installs it and\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- is run in the
+(PRGN
+-postinst
+)PRGN
+- script. Futhermore, and
+(EM
+-this\nis very important
+)EM
+-, the symlink must be placed before the library it\npoints to in the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- file. Currently the way to ensure the\nordering is done properly is to create the symlink in the appropriate\n
+(TT
+-debian/tmp/.../lib
+)TT
+- directory before installing the library\nwhen you build the package.
+L2972
+)P
+(P
+L2973
+-\nIf you do the above your package does not need to call
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+-\nin its maintainer scripts. It is especially important not to call\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- in the postrm or preinst scripts in the case where the\npackage is being upgraded (see the programmer's manual), as\n
+(PRGN
+-ldconfig
+)PRGN
+- will see the temporary names that
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- uses for the\nfiles while it is installing them and will make the shared library\nlinks point to them, just before
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- continues the installation\nand removes the links!\n\n\n
+L2985
+)P
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA sysvinit
+ASRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 13
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+-Configuration of
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+L2986
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2988
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Introduction to the
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scheme
+L2989
+)HEADING
+(P
+L2990
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- directory contains the scripts executed by\n
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+- when init state (or `runlevel') is changed (see
+ANAME CDATA init
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+L2993
+-).
+L2994
+)P
+(P
+L2995
+-\nThese scripts are be referenced by symbolic links in the\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- directories. When changing runlevels, init\nlooks in the directory
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- for the scripts it\nshould execute, where
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+- is the runlevel that is being changed\nto.
+L3001
+)P
+(P
+L3002
+-\nThe names of the links all have the form
+(TT
+-S
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-K
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+)TT
+- where
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+- is a two-digit number and\n
+(VAR
+-script
+)VAR
+- is the name of the script (this should be the same as the\nname of the actual script in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+-.\n\nWhen
+(PRGN
+-init
+)PRGN
+- changes runlevel first the targets of the links whose\nnames starting with a
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- are executed, each with the single\nargument
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, followed by the scripts prefixed with an
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+-,\neach with the single argument
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-. The
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- links are\nresponsible for killing services and the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- link for starting\nservices upon entering the runlevel.
+L3014
+)P
+(P
+L3015
+-\nFor example, if we are changing from runlevel 2 to runlevel 3, init\nwill first execute all of the
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- prefixed scripts it finds in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc3.d
+)TT
+-, and then all of the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- prefixed scripts. The\nlinks starting with
+(TT
+-K
+)TT
+- will cause the referred-to file to be\nexecuted with an argument of
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, and the
+(TT
+-S
+)TT
+- links with an\nargument of
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-.
+L3022
+)P
+(P
+L3023
+-\nThe two-digit number
+(VAR
+-mm
+)VAR
+- is used to decide which order to start\nand stop things in - low-numbered links have their scripts run first.\nFor example, the
+(TT
+-K20
+)TT
+- scripts will be executed before the
+(TT
+-K30
+)TT
+-\nscripts. This is used when a certain service must be started before\nanother. For example, the name server
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+- might need to be\nstarted before the news server
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- so that
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- can set\nup its access lists. In this case, the script that starts
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+-\nshould have a lower number than the script that starts
+(PRGN
+-inn
+)PRGN
+- so\nthat it runs first:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3034
+-/etc/rc2.d/S17bind\n/etc/rc2.d/S70inn
+L3036
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L3038
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Writing
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scripts
+L3039
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3040
+-\nPackages can and should place scripts in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- to start\nor stop services at boot time or during a change of runlevel. These\nscripts should be named
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, and they\nshould accept one argument, saying what to do:
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+-, meaning to\nstarts the service, or
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+-, to stop the service. Optionally\nthey can support
+(TT
+-reload
+)TT
+- which causes the configuration to be\nreloaded.
+L3048
+)P
+(P
+L3049
+-\nThe
+(TT
+-init.d
+)TT
+- scripts should ensure that they will behave sensibly\nif invoked with
+(TT
+-start
+)TT
+- when the service is already running, or\nwith
+(TT
+-stop
+)TT
+- when it isn't, and that they don't kill\nunfortunately-named user processes. The best way to achieve this is\nusually to use
+(PRGN
+-start-stop-daemon
+)PRGN
+-.
+L3055
+)P
+(P
+L3056
+-\nThese scripts should not fail obscurely when the configuration files\nremain but the package has been removed, as the default in
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-\nis to leave configuration files on the system after the package has\nbeen removed. Only when it is executed with the
+(TT
+---purge
+)TT
+- option\nwill dpkg remove configuration files. Therefore, you should include a\n
+(TT
+-test
+)TT
+- statement at the top of the script, like this:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3064
+-test -f
+(VAR
+-program-executed-later-in-script
+)VAR
+- || exit 0
+L3065
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n
+L3067
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.3
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .3
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.3
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Managing the
+(TT
+-rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- links -
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+L3068
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3069
+-\nA program is provided,
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, to make it easier for\npackage maintainers to arrange for the proper creation and removal of\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- symbolic links from their postinst and postrm\nscripts.
+L3074
+)P
+(P
+L3075
+-\nYou should use this script to make changes to
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+-\nand
+(EM
+-never
+)EM
+- include any
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\nthe actual archive.
+L3079
+)P
+(P
+L3080
+-\nBy default
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+- will start services in each of the\nmulti-user state runlevels (2, 3, 4, and 5) and stop them in the halt\nrunlevel (0), the single-user runlevel (1) and the reboot runlevel\n(6). The system administrator will have the opportunity to customize\nrunlevels by simply adding, moving, or removing the symbolic links in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+-.
+L3087
+)P
+(P
+L3088
+-\nTo get the default behaviour for your package, put in your postinst\nscript\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3092
+-update-rc.d
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- default \|>\|/dev/null
+L3093
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nand in your postrm\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3096
+-if [ purge = "$1" ]; then\n update-rc.d
+(VAR
+-package
+)VAR
+- remove \|>\|/dev/null\nfi
+L3099
+)EXAMPLE
+L3100
+)P
+(P
+L3101
+-\nThis will use a default sequence number of 20. If it does not matter\nwhen or in which order the script is run, use this default. If it\ndoes, then you should talk to the maintainer of the
+(PRGN
+-sysvinit
+)PRGN
+-\npackage or post to
+(TT
+-debian-devel
+)TT
+-, and they will help you choose\na number.
+L3107
+)P
+(P
+L3108
+-\nFor more information about using
+(TT
+-update-rc.d
+)TT
+-, please consult its\nmanpage
+ANAME CDATA update-rc.d
+ASECTION CDATA 8
+(MANREF
+)MANREF
+-.\n
+L3112
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.4
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .4
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.4
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Boot-time initialisation -
+(TT
+-rc.boot
+)TT
+L3113
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3114
+-\nThere is another directory,
+(TT
+-/etc/rc.boot
+)TT
+-, which contains\nscripts which are run once per machine boot. This facility is\nprovided for initialisation of hardware devices, cleaning up of\nleftover files, and so forth.
+L3119
+)P
+(P
+L3120
+-\nFor example, the
+(PRGN
+-kbd
+)PRGN
+- package provides a script here for\ninitialising the keyboard layout and console font and mode.
+L3123
+)P
+(P
+L3124
+-\nThe files in
+(TT
+-/etc/rc.boot
+)TT
+- should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be links into\n
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- - they should be the scripts themselves.
+L3127
+)P
+(P
+L3128
+-\n
+(TT
+-rc.boot
+)TT
+- should
+(EM
+-not
+)EM
+- be used for starting general-purpose\ndaemons and similar activities. This should be done using the\n
+(TT
+-rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d
+)TT
+- scheme, above, so that the services can be started\nand stopped cleanly when the runlevel changes or the machine is to be\nshut down or rebooted.\n
+L3135
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.5
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .5
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.5
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Notes
+L3136
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3137
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include the
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d/*
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\nthe
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- filesystem archive!
+(EM
+-This will cause problems!
+)EM
+-\nYou should create them with
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, as above.
+L3141
+)P
+(P
+L3142
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do not
+)EM
+- include the
+(TT
+-/etc/rc
+(VAR
+-n
+)VAR
+-.d/*
+)TT
+- symbolic links in\n
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+-'s conffiles list!
+(EM
+-This will cause problems!
+)EM
+-\n
+(EM
+-Do
+)EM
+-, however, include the
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- scripts in conffiles.\n
+L3147
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s13.6
+ACHAPT CDATA 13
+ACSRID CDATA ch-sysvinit
+ASECT CDATA .6
+AHNAME CDATA section 13.6
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Example
+L3148
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3149
+-\nThe
+(PRGN
+-bind
+)PRGN
+- DNS (nameserver) package wants to make sure that the\nnameserver is running in multiuser runlevels, and is properly shut\ndown with the system. It puts a script in
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+-, naming\nthe script appropriately
+(TT
+-bind
+)TT
+-. As you can see, the script\ninterprets the argument
+(TT
+-reload
+)TT
+- to send the nameserver a
+(TT
+-HUP
+)TT
+-\nsignal (causing it to reload its configuration); this way the user can\nsay
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/bind reload
+)TT
+- to reload the nameserver.
+L3157
+)P
+(P
+L3158
+-\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3160
+-#!/bin/sh\n# Original version by Robert Leslie \|<\|rob@mars.org\|>\|, edited by iwj\ntest -x /usr/sbin/named || exit 0\ncase "$1" in\n start)\n test -f /etc/named.boot -a -f /var/named/boot.options || exit 0\n start-stop-daemon --start --verbose --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n stop)\n start-stop-daemon --stop --verbose \\\n --pidfile /var/run/named.pid --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n reload)\n start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --verbose \\\n --pidfile /var/run/named.pid --exec /usr/sbin/named\n ;;\n *)\n echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/bind {start|stop|reload}" >&2\n exit 1\n ;;\nesac\nexit 0
+L3182
+)EXAMPLE
+L3183
+)P
+(P
+L3184
+-\nAnother example on which to base your
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d
+)TT
+- scripts is in\n
+(TT
+-/etc/init.d/skeleton
+)TT
+-.
+L3187
+)P
+(P
+L3188
+-\nIf this package is happy with the default setup from\n
+(PRGN
+-update-rc.d
+)PRGN
+-, namely an ordering number of 20 and having named\nrunning in all runlevels, it can say in its postinst:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3193
+-update-rc.d bind default >/dev/null
+L3194
+)EXAMPLE
+-\nAnd in its postrm, to remove the links when the package is purged:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3197
+-if [ purge = "$1" ]; then\n update-rc.d acct remove >/dev/null\nfi
+L3200
+)EXAMPLE
+-\n\n\n
+L3204
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+AID CDATA methif
+ASRID CDATA ch-methif
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ASECT IMPLIED
+AHNAME CDATA chapter 14
+(CHAPT
+(HEADING
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s interface to its installation methods
+L3205
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3206
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- calls scripts from its installation methods when it\nneeds to actually access data from the distribution. The core program\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- itself just calls these scripts and provides the\npackage and access method selection interfaces. The installation\nmethods are responsible for invoking
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- as appropriate.
+L3212
+)P
+(P
+L3213
+-\nEach installation method has three scripts:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(LIST
+L3216
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Setup installation parameters.
+L3217
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Update list of available packages.
+L3218
+)P
+)ITEM
+(ITEM
+(P
+-Install.
+L3219
+)P
+)ITEM
+)LIST
+L3220
+)P
+(P
+L3221
+-\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- searches for methods in
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+-\nand
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+-.\n
+L3225
+)P
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s14.1
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ACSRID CDATA ch-methif
+ASECT CDATA .1
+AHNAME CDATA section 14.1
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Functions of the method scripts
+L3226
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3227
+-\nThe setup script is run just after the user has chosen an installation\nmethod. It should prompt the user for parameters like the site to\nNFS-mount or FTP from, the directory to use, or the directory or\nfilesystem where the
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files can be found, or the tape or\nfloppy device to install from. It should store the responses under\n
+(TT
+-/var/lib/dpkg/methods
+)TT
+- - see below. If no available\npackages list is available it should perhaps offer to scan the\navailable packages.
+L3236
+)P
+(P
+L3237
+-\nThe update script should obtain a list of available packages if\npossible, and run
+(TT
+-dpkg --update-avail
+)TT
+-,
+(TT
+-dpkg --merge-avail
+)TT
+-\nand/or
+(TT
+-dpkg --forget-old-unavail
+)TT
+- to load it into
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s database of available packages. If no packages list\nwas available and the user was offered and accepted the option of\nscanning the actual files available this scan should be done here,\nusing
+(TT
+-dpkg --record-avail
+)TT
+-.
+L3245
+)P
+(P
+L3246
+-\nThe install script should feed all the available
+(TT
+-.deb
+)TT
+- files to\n
+(TT
+-dpkg --iGOEB
+)TT
+- (this is equivalent to
+(TT
+-dpkg --install\n--refuse-downgrade --selected-only --skip-same-version\n--auto-deconfigure
+)TT
+-). The
+(TT
+--R
+)TT
+- (
+(TT
+---recursive
+)TT
+-) option for\ntraversing subdirectories may also be useful here).
+L3252
+)P
+(P
+L3253
+-\nIf any of these scripts needs to display a message for the user, it\nshould wait for the user to hit `return' before exiting so that\ndselect doesn't immediately rewrite the screen.
+L3257
+)P
+(P
+L3258
+-\nIf a method script succeeds (returns a zero exit status)\n
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will return immediately to the main menu, with the\n`next' option highlighted ready for the user to select it. If it\nfails
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- will display a message and wait for the user to\nhit return.\n
+L3265
+)P
+)SECT
+AID IMPLIED
+ASRID CDATA s14.2
+ACHAPT CDATA 14
+ACSRID CDATA ch-methif
+ASECT CDATA .2
+AHNAME CDATA section 14.2
+(SECT
+(HEADING
+-Location and arguments of the method scripts
+L3266
+)HEADING
+(P
+L3267
+-\nA set of scripts (henceforth known as a group) may provide several\nmethods on the `main menu' with different behaviour. For example,\nthere might be a generic get-packages-by-FTP group which might provide\nmethods in the main menu for installation directly from one of the\nDebian mirror sites as well as for installation from a user-specified\nsite.
+L3274
+)P
+(P
+L3275
+-\nEach group of methods implemented by the same set of scripts should\nhave a subdirectory
+(TT
+-/usr/lib/dpkg/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+- or\n
+(TT
+-/usr/local/lib/dpkg/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+-, containing:\n
+ACOMPACT TOKEN COMPACT
+(TAGLIST
+L3280
+(TAG
+(TT
+-names
+)TT
+L3281
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-a list of user-visible methods provided by these scripts.
+L3282
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-setup
+)TT
+L3283
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-update
+)TT
+L3284
+)TAG
+(TAG
+(TT
+-install
+)TT
+L3285
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-executable programs, the scripts themselves.
+L3286
+)P
+)ITEM
+(TAG
+(TT
+-desc.
+(VAR
+-option
+)VAR
+)TT
+L3287
+)TAG
+(ITEM
+(P
+-description file.
+L3288
+)P
+)ITEM
+)TAGLIST
+L3289
+)P
+(P
+L3290
+-\n
+(TT
+-names
+)TT
+- will be formatted as a list of lines, each containing:\n
+(EXAMPLE
+L3293
+(VAR
+-sequence
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+-
+(VAR
+-summary
+)VAR
+L3294
+)EXAMPLE
+L3295
+)P
+(P
+L3296
+-\n
+(VAR
+-sequence
+)VAR
+- is a two-digit number that will be used much like\n
+(TT
+-rc.d
+)TT
+- prefixes to control the order in the main menu. If in doubt\nuse 50.
+L3300
+)P
+(P
+L3301
+-\n
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+- is a name which is displayed by
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- as the\nname of the method, and which will be passed to
+(TT
+-setup
+)TT
+-,\n
+(TT
+-update
+)TT
+- and
+(TT
+-unpack
+)TT
+- as their first argument.
+L3305
+)P
+(P
+L3306
+-\n
+(VAR
+-summary
+)VAR
+- is the brief description string for
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s menu.
+L3308
+)P
+(P
+L3309
+-\nEach of the three scripts gets the same three arguments:
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-,\n
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+- and
+(VAR
+-method
+)VAR
+-.
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+- is the base directory for\nstoring
+(PRGN
+-dpkg
+)PRGN
+- and
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+-'s state, usually\n
+(TT
+-/var/lib/dpkg
+)TT
+-; this is passed in so that the
+(TT
+---admindir
+)TT
+-\noption to
+(PRGN
+-dselect
+)PRGN
+- is honoured).
+L3315
+)P
+(P
+L3316
+-\nEach option may have an extended description in\n
+(TT
+-desc.
+(VAR
+-option
+)VAR
+)TT
+-. This should be formatted like the extended\ndescription part of a
+(TT
+-Description
+)TT
+- field entry
+(EM
+-shifted one\ncharacter to the left
+)EM
+-.
+L3321
+)P
+(P
+L3322
+-\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-/methods
+)TT
+- will exist, and a method group may use a\n
+(TT
+(VAR
+-vardir
+)VAR
+-/methods/
+(VAR
+-group
+)VAR
+)TT
+- directory to store its state.
+L3325
+)P
+(P
+L3326
+-\nThe group name and method name must follow the rules for C identifiers.\n
+L3329
+)P
+)SECT
+)CHAPT
+)BOOK
+)DEBIANDOC
+C
<p>
It is assumed that the reader is reasonably familiar with the
-<prgn/dpkg/ System Administrators' manual.
+<prgn/dpkg/ System Administrators' manual. Unfortunately this manual
+does not yet exist.
<p>
The Debian version of the FSF's GNU hello program is provided as an
-p*) pgpcommand="$value" ;;
-us) signsource=: ;;
-uc) signchanges=: ;;
- -sa) sourcestyle='' ;;
+ -si) sourcestyle=-si ;;
+ -sa) sourcestyle=-sa ;;
-sd) sourcestyle=-sd ;;
-b) binaryonly=-b ;;
-B) binaryonly=-b; binarytarget=binary-arch ;;
.\" Hey, Emacs! This is an -*- nroff -*- source file.
-.TH UPDATE\-RC.D 8 "6th June 1996" "Debian Project" "Debian/GNU Linux"
+.\" Authors: Ian Jackson
+.TH UPDATE\-RC.D 8 "23rd August 1996" "Debian Project" "Debian/GNU Linux"
.SH NAME
update\-rc.d \- install and remove System-V style init script links
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B update\-rc.d
-.I <basename>
-\&remove
-.LP
+.IB name " remove"
+.HP
.B update-rc.d
-.I <basename>
-\&defaults
-.RI [ " <codenumber> " | " <startcodenumber>" " " "<stopcodenumber> " ]
-.LP
+.IB name " defaults"
+.RI [ NN " | " NN-start " " NN-stop ]
+.HP
.B update-rc.d
-.I <basename>
-\&start | stop
-.I <codenumber> <runlevel>
-.RI [ " <runlevel> " [ " <runlevel> " [ ... ]]]
-\&.
+.I name
+.BR start | stop
+.IR "NN runlevel runlevel " ...
+.B .
+.BR start | stop
+.IR "NN runlevel runlevel " ...
+.BR . " ..."
.SH DESCRIPTION
-This manual page explains the Debian
-.B "update-rc.d"
-System-V init script link utility. It should be used when installing and
-removing init scripts on a Debian system.
+.B update-rc.d
+automatically updates the System V style init script links
+.BI /etc/rc runlevel .d/ NNname
+to scripts
+.BI /etc/init.d/ name \fR.
+These are run by
+.B init
+when changing runlevels and are generally used to start and stop
+system services such as daemons.
+.I runlevel
+is one of the runlevels supported by
+.BR init ", " 0123456 ,
+and
+.I NN
+is the two-digit sequence code used by
+.B init
+to decide which order to run the scripts in.
+
+This manpage documents only the usage and behaviour of
+.BR update-rc.d .
+For a discussion of the System V style init script arrangements please
+see
+.BR init (8)
+and the
+.IR "dpkg programmers' manual" .
+.SH INSTALLING INIT SCRIPT LINKS
+When run with either the
+.BR defaults ", " start ", or " stop
+options, update-rc.d makes links
+.BI /etc/rc runlevel .d/[SK] NNname
+pointing to the script
+.BI /etc/init.d/ name\fR,
+
+If any links
+.BI /etc/rc runlevel .d/?? name
+already exist then
+.B update-rc.d
+does nothing. This is so that the system administrator can rearrange
+the links, provided that they leave at least one link remaining,
+without having their configuration overwritten.
+
+If
+.B defaults
+is used then
+.B update-rc.d
+will make links to start the service in runlevels
+.B 2345
+and stop the service in runlevels
+.BR 016 .
+By default all the links will have sequence code, but
+this can be overridden by supplying one or two
+.I NN
+arguments; one argument overrides the sequence code for both start and
+stop links whereas of two arguments the first overrides the code for
+start links and the second that for stop links.
+
+Instead of
+.B defaults
+the runlevels in which to start and stop the service may be specified
+explicitly using a series of sets of arguments:
+Each of these sets starts with an argument
+.BR start " or " stop
+to specify whether start or stop links are to be created by that set.
+Then follows
+.IR NN ,
+the sequence code number for all the links in the set, and one or more
+runlevel numbers as a single argument each. The set is terminated by
+an argument
+.B .
+(a single full stop).
+
+When explicit specification, rather than
+.BR defaults ,
+is used there will usually be one
+.B start
+and one
+.B stop
+set. If different sequence codes are required in different runlevels
+then several
+.B start
+sets or several
+.B stop
+sets may be specified.
+
+The script
+.BI /etc/init.d/ name
+must exist before
+.B update-rc.d
+is run to create the links.
.SH REMOVING SCRIPTS
When invoked with the
.I remove
-option, update-rc.d removes the links to the script for the package
-.IR basename .
+option, update-rc.d removes any links in the
+.BI /etc/rc runlevel .d
+directories to the script
+.BI /etc/init.d/ name\fR.
The script must have been deleted already -
.B update-rc.d
checks for this.
-It then removes all the (now-dangling) links to the script in
-.RB "" /etc/rc[0123456].d/ .
-
-.SH INSTALLING SCRIPTS
-When run with either the
-.RI "" defaults ", " start ", or " stop
-options, update-rc.d makes links pointing to the script in
-.RB "" /etc/init.d/ .
-The script must be installed before update-rc.d is run.
-The
-.I <codenumber>
-arguments specify the order in which the script will be executed.
-When
-.B init
-changes runlevels it executes the scripts in the order of their
-.I codenumber
-from lowest to highest.
-The
-.I <runlevel>
-arguments specify the runlevels that the script will be run in.
-As many as seven runlevels (0-6) may be specified.
-The last runlevel must be followed by a period.
-
-When invoked with the
-.I defaults
-option the start runlevels are
-.B 2 3 4 5
-and the stop runlevels are
-.RB "" "0 1 2 3 4 5 6" .
-If neither
-.I <codenumber>
-or
-.I <startcodenumber>
-and
-.I <stopcodenumber>
-are specified, then the stop and start codenumbers default to 20.
+.B update-rc.d
+is usually called from a package's post-removal script when that
+script detects that its first argument is
+.BR purge ,
+indicating that the user has requested the configuration for the
+package to be removed.
+.SH BUGS
+This script is written in
+.B sh
+and is therefore far too slow.
+There should be a way for the system administrator to specify at least
+the default start and stop runlevels to be used by
+.B defaults
+and possibly to override other things as well.
.SH FILES
+.TP
.B /etc/init.d/
-.bl
-.B /etc/rc[0123456].d/
-
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR init (1),
-.BR inittab (1),
+The directory containing the actual init scripts.
+.TP
+.B /etc/rc?.d/
+The directories containing the links used by
+.TP
+.B /etc/init.d/skeleton
+Model for use by writers of
+.B init.d
+scripts.
+.BR init
+and managed by
+.BR update-rc.d .
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.IR "dpkg programmers manual" ,
+.br
+.BR /etc/init.d/skeleton ,
+.br
+.BR init (8).
projects / dpkg / commitdiff