2 * Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2001
20 * Author: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
22 * Based on the original work by Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
23 * and inputs from Rusty Russell, Andrea Arcangeli and Andi Kleen.
25 * http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/paper/rclockpdcsproof.pdf
26 * http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.sc.pdf (OLS2001)
28 * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
29 * http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rcupdate.html
33 #ifndef __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H
34 #define __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H
36 #include <linux/cache.h>
37 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
38 #include <linux/threads.h>
39 #include <linux/percpu.h>
40 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
41 #include <linux/seqlock.h>
42 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
45 * struct rcu_head - callback structure for use with RCU
46 * @next: next update requests in a list
47 * @func: actual update function to call after the grace period.
50 struct rcu_head *next;
51 void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head);
54 #ifdef CONFIG_CLASSIC_RCU
55 #include <linux/rcuclassic.h>
56 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_CLASSIC_RCU */
57 #include <linux/rcupreempt.h>
58 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_CLASSIC_RCU */
60 #define RCU_HEAD_INIT { .next = NULL, .func = NULL }
61 #define RCU_HEAD(head) struct rcu_head head = RCU_HEAD_INIT
62 #define INIT_RCU_HEAD(ptr) do { \
63 (ptr)->next = NULL; (ptr)->func = NULL; \
67 * rcu_read_lock - mark the beginning of an RCU read-side critical section.
69 * When synchronize_rcu() is invoked on one CPU while other CPUs
70 * are within RCU read-side critical sections, then the
71 * synchronize_rcu() is guaranteed to block until after all the other
72 * CPUs exit their critical sections. Similarly, if call_rcu() is invoked
73 * on one CPU while other CPUs are within RCU read-side critical
74 * sections, invocation of the corresponding RCU callback is deferred
75 * until after the all the other CPUs exit their critical sections.
77 * Note, however, that RCU callbacks are permitted to run concurrently
78 * with RCU read-side critical sections. One way that this can happen
79 * is via the following sequence of events: (1) CPU 0 enters an RCU
80 * read-side critical section, (2) CPU 1 invokes call_rcu() to register
81 * an RCU callback, (3) CPU 0 exits the RCU read-side critical section,
82 * (4) CPU 2 enters a RCU read-side critical section, (5) the RCU
83 * callback is invoked. This is legal, because the RCU read-side critical
84 * section that was running concurrently with the call_rcu() (and which
85 * therefore might be referencing something that the corresponding RCU
86 * callback would free up) has completed before the corresponding
87 * RCU callback is invoked.
89 * RCU read-side critical sections may be nested. Any deferred actions
90 * will be deferred until the outermost RCU read-side critical section
93 * It is illegal to block while in an RCU read-side critical section.
95 #define rcu_read_lock() __rcu_read_lock()
98 * rcu_read_unlock - marks the end of an RCU read-side critical section.
100 * See rcu_read_lock() for more information.
104 * So where is rcu_write_lock()? It does not exist, as there is no
105 * way for writers to lock out RCU readers. This is a feature, not
106 * a bug -- this property is what provides RCU's performance benefits.
107 * Of course, writers must coordinate with each other. The normal
108 * spinlock primitives work well for this, but any other technique may be
109 * used as well. RCU does not care how the writers keep out of each
110 * others' way, as long as they do so.
112 #define rcu_read_unlock() __rcu_read_unlock()
115 * rcu_read_lock_bh - mark the beginning of a softirq-only RCU critical section
117 * This is equivalent of rcu_read_lock(), but to be used when updates
118 * are being done using call_rcu_bh(). Since call_rcu_bh() callbacks
119 * consider completion of a softirq handler to be a quiescent state,
120 * a process in RCU read-side critical section must be protected by
121 * disabling softirqs. Read-side critical sections in interrupt context
122 * can use just rcu_read_lock().
125 #define rcu_read_lock_bh() __rcu_read_lock_bh()
128 * rcu_read_unlock_bh - marks the end of a softirq-only RCU critical section
130 * See rcu_read_lock_bh() for more information.
132 #define rcu_read_unlock_bh() __rcu_read_unlock_bh()
135 * Prevent the compiler from merging or refetching accesses. The compiler
136 * is also forbidden from reordering successive instances of ACCESS_ONCE(),
137 * but only when the compiler is aware of some particular ordering. One way
138 * to make the compiler aware of ordering is to put the two invocations of
139 * ACCESS_ONCE() in different C statements.
141 * This macro does absolutely -nothing- to prevent the CPU from reordering,
142 * merging, or refetching absolutely anything at any time.
144 #define ACCESS_ONCE(x) (*(volatile typeof(x) *)&(x))
147 * rcu_dereference - fetch an RCU-protected pointer in an
148 * RCU read-side critical section. This pointer may later
149 * be safely dereferenced.
151 * Inserts memory barriers on architectures that require them
152 * (currently only the Alpha), and, more importantly, documents
153 * exactly which pointers are protected by RCU.
156 #define rcu_dereference(p) ({ \
157 typeof(p) _________p1 = ACCESS_ONCE(p); \
158 smp_read_barrier_depends(); \
163 * rcu_assign_pointer - assign (publicize) a pointer to a newly
164 * initialized structure that will be dereferenced by RCU read-side
165 * critical sections. Returns the value assigned.
167 * Inserts memory barriers on architectures that require them
168 * (pretty much all of them other than x86), and also prevents
169 * the compiler from reordering the code that initializes the
170 * structure after the pointer assignment. More importantly, this
171 * call documents which pointers will be dereferenced by RCU read-side
175 #define rcu_assign_pointer(p, v) \
177 if (!__builtin_constant_p(v) || \
184 * synchronize_sched - block until all CPUs have exited any non-preemptive
185 * kernel code sequences.
187 * This means that all preempt_disable code sequences, including NMI and
188 * hardware-interrupt handlers, in progress on entry will have completed
189 * before this primitive returns. However, this does not guarantee that
190 * softirq handlers will have completed, since in some kernels, these
191 * handlers can run in process context, and can block.
193 * This primitive provides the guarantees made by the (now removed)
194 * synchronize_kernel() API. In contrast, synchronize_rcu() only
195 * guarantees that rcu_read_lock() sections will have completed.
196 * In "classic RCU", these two guarantees happen to be one and
197 * the same, but can differ in realtime RCU implementations.
199 #define synchronize_sched() __synchronize_sched()
202 * call_rcu - Queue an RCU callback for invocation after a grace period.
203 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
204 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
206 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
207 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
208 * read-side critical sections have completed. RCU read-side critical
209 * sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
212 extern void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head,
213 void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));
216 * call_rcu_bh - Queue an RCU for invocation after a quicker grace period.
217 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
218 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
220 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
221 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
222 * read-side critical sections have completed. call_rcu_bh() assumes
223 * that the read-side critical sections end on completion of a softirq
224 * handler. This means that read-side critical sections in process
225 * context must not be interrupted by softirqs. This interface is to be
226 * used when most of the read-side critical sections are in softirq context.
227 * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by :
228 * - rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), if in interrupt context.
230 * - rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), if in process context.
231 * These may be nested.
233 extern void call_rcu_bh(struct rcu_head *head,
234 void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));
236 /* Exported common interfaces */
237 extern void synchronize_rcu(void);
238 extern void rcu_barrier(void);
239 extern long rcu_batches_completed(void);
240 extern long rcu_batches_completed_bh(void);
242 /* Internal to kernel */
243 extern void rcu_init(void);
244 extern int rcu_needs_cpu(int cpu);
246 #endif /* __LINUX_RCUPDATE_H */