2 * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
4 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
10 * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
11 * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
16 #include <linux/errno.h>
17 #include <linux/init.h>
18 #include <linux/slab.h>
19 #include <linux/module.h>
20 #include <linux/kref.h>
21 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
22 #include <linux/usb.h>
23 #include <linux/mutex.h>
26 /* Define these values to match your devices */
27 #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
28 #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
30 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
31 static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
32 { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
33 { } /* Terminating entry */
35 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
38 /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
39 #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
41 /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
42 #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
43 /* MAX_TRANSFER is chosen so that the VM is not stressed by
44 allocations > PAGE_SIZE and the number of packets in a page
45 is an integer 512 is the largest possible packet on EHCI */
46 #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
47 /* arbitrarily chosen */
49 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
51 struct usb_device *udev; /* the usb device for this device */
52 struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
53 struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
54 struct usb_anchor submitted; /* in case we need to retract our submissions */
55 unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
56 size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
57 __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
58 __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
59 int errors; /* the last request tanked */
60 int open_count; /* count the number of openers */
61 spinlock_t err_lock; /* lock for errors */
63 struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
65 #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
67 static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
68 static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev);
70 static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
72 struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
74 usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
75 kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
79 static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
82 struct usb_interface *interface;
86 subminor = iminor(inode);
88 interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
90 err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
96 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
102 /* increment our usage count for the device */
103 kref_get(&dev->kref);
105 /* lock the device to allow correctly handling errors
107 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
109 if (!dev->open_count++) {
110 retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
113 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
114 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
117 } /* else { //uncomment this block if you want exclusive open
120 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
121 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
124 /* prevent the device from being autosuspended */
126 /* save our object in the file's private structure */
127 file->private_data = dev;
128 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
134 static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
136 struct usb_skel *dev;
138 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
142 /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
143 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
144 if (!--dev->open_count && dev->interface)
145 usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
146 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
148 /* decrement the count on our device */
149 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
153 static int skel_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
155 struct usb_skel *dev;
158 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
162 /* wait for io to stop */
163 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
166 /* read out errors, leave subsequent opens a clean slate */
167 spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
168 res = dev->errors ? (dev->errors == -EPIPE ? -EPIPE : -EIO) : 0;
170 spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
172 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
177 static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
179 struct usb_skel *dev;
183 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
185 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
186 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
191 /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
192 retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
193 usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
195 min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
198 /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
200 if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
207 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
211 static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
213 struct usb_skel *dev;
217 /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
219 if(!(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
220 urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
221 urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))
222 err("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
223 __func__, urb->status);
225 spin_lock(&dev->err_lock);
226 dev->errors = urb->status;
227 spin_unlock(&dev->err_lock);
230 /* free up our allocated buffer */
231 usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
232 urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
236 static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
238 struct usb_skel *dev;
240 struct urb *urb = NULL;
242 size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
244 dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
246 /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
250 /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
251 if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
252 retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
256 spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
257 if ((retval = dev->errors) < 0) {
258 /* any error is reported once */
260 /* to preserve notifications about reset */
261 retval = (retval == -EPIPE) ? retval : -EIO;
263 spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
267 /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
268 urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
274 buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
280 if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
285 /* this lock makes sure we don't submit URBs to gone devices */
286 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
287 if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
288 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
293 /* initialize the urb properly */
294 usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
295 usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
296 buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
297 urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
298 usb_anchor_urb(urb, &dev->submitted);
300 /* send the data out the bulk port */
301 retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
302 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
304 err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __func__, retval);
308 /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
315 usb_unanchor_urb(urb);
318 usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
327 static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
328 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
332 .release = skel_release,
337 * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
338 * and to have the device registered with the driver core
340 static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
343 .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
346 static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
348 struct usb_skel *dev;
349 struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
350 struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
353 int retval = -ENOMEM;
355 /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
356 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
358 err("Out of memory");
361 kref_init(&dev->kref);
362 sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
363 mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
364 spin_lock_init(&dev->err_lock);
365 init_usb_anchor(&dev->submitted);
367 dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
368 dev->interface = interface;
370 /* set up the endpoint information */
371 /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
372 iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
373 for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
374 endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
376 if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
377 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(endpoint)) {
378 /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
379 buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
380 dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
381 dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
382 dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
383 if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
384 err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
389 if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
390 usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
391 /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
392 dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
395 if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
396 err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
400 /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
401 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
403 /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
404 retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
406 /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
407 err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
408 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
412 /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
413 info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
418 /* this frees allocated memory */
419 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
423 static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
425 struct usb_skel *dev;
426 int minor = interface->minor;
428 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
429 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
431 /* give back our minor */
432 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
434 /* prevent more I/O from starting */
435 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
436 dev->interface = NULL;
437 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
439 usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
441 /* decrement our usage count */
442 kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
444 info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
447 static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev)
451 time = usb_wait_anchor_empty_timeout(&dev->submitted, 1000);
453 usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
456 static int skel_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
458 struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
466 static int skel_resume (struct usb_interface *intf)
471 static int skel_pre_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
473 struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
475 mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
481 static int skel_post_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
483 struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
485 /* we are sure no URBs are active - no locking needed */
486 dev->errors = -EPIPE;
487 mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
492 static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
495 .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
496 .suspend = skel_suspend,
497 .resume = skel_resume,
498 .pre_reset = skel_pre_reset,
499 .post_reset = skel_post_reset,
500 .id_table = skel_table,
501 .supports_autosuspend = 1,
504 static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
508 /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
509 result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
511 err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
516 static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
518 /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
519 usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
522 module_init(usb_skel_init);
523 module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
525 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");