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KVM: x86 emulator: move all x86_emulate_memop() to a structure
[linux-2.6] / drivers / kvm / x86_emulate.c
1 /******************************************************************************
2  * x86_emulate.c
3  *
4  * Generic x86 (32-bit and 64-bit) instruction decoder and emulator.
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 2005 Keir Fraser
7  *
8  * Linux coding style, mod r/m decoder, segment base fixes, real-mode
9  * privileged instructions:
10  *
11  * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet
12  *
13  *   Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
14  *   Yaniv Kamay <yaniv@qumranet.com>
15  *
16  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
17  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
18  *
19  * From: xen-unstable 10676:af9809f51f81a3c43f276f00c81a52ef558afda4
20  */
21
22 #ifndef __KERNEL__
23 #include <stdio.h>
24 #include <stdint.h>
25 #include <public/xen.h>
26 #define DPRINTF(_f, _a ...) printf( _f , ## _a )
27 #else
28 #include "kvm.h"
29 #define DPRINTF(x...) do {} while (0)
30 #endif
31 #include "x86_emulate.h"
32 #include <linux/module.h>
33
34 /*
35  * Opcode effective-address decode tables.
36  * Note that we only emulate instructions that have at least one memory
37  * operand (excluding implicit stack references). We assume that stack
38  * references and instruction fetches will never occur in special memory
39  * areas that require emulation. So, for example, 'mov <imm>,<reg>' need
40  * not be handled.
41  */
42
43 /* Operand sizes: 8-bit operands or specified/overridden size. */
44 #define ByteOp      (1<<0)      /* 8-bit operands. */
45 /* Destination operand type. */
46 #define ImplicitOps (1<<1)      /* Implicit in opcode. No generic decode. */
47 #define DstReg      (2<<1)      /* Register operand. */
48 #define DstMem      (3<<1)      /* Memory operand. */
49 #define DstMask     (3<<1)
50 /* Source operand type. */
51 #define SrcNone     (0<<3)      /* No source operand. */
52 #define SrcImplicit (0<<3)      /* Source operand is implicit in the opcode. */
53 #define SrcReg      (1<<3)      /* Register operand. */
54 #define SrcMem      (2<<3)      /* Memory operand. */
55 #define SrcMem16    (3<<3)      /* Memory operand (16-bit). */
56 #define SrcMem32    (4<<3)      /* Memory operand (32-bit). */
57 #define SrcImm      (5<<3)      /* Immediate operand. */
58 #define SrcImmByte  (6<<3)      /* 8-bit sign-extended immediate operand. */
59 #define SrcMask     (7<<3)
60 /* Generic ModRM decode. */
61 #define ModRM       (1<<6)
62 /* Destination is only written; never read. */
63 #define Mov         (1<<7)
64 #define BitOp       (1<<8)
65
66 static u8 opcode_table[256] = {
67         /* 0x00 - 0x07 */
68         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
69         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
70         0, 0, 0, 0,
71         /* 0x08 - 0x0F */
72         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
73         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
74         0, 0, 0, 0,
75         /* 0x10 - 0x17 */
76         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
77         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
78         0, 0, 0, 0,
79         /* 0x18 - 0x1F */
80         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
81         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
82         0, 0, 0, 0,
83         /* 0x20 - 0x27 */
84         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
85         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
86         SrcImmByte, SrcImm, 0, 0,
87         /* 0x28 - 0x2F */
88         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
89         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
90         0, 0, 0, 0,
91         /* 0x30 - 0x37 */
92         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
93         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
94         0, 0, 0, 0,
95         /* 0x38 - 0x3F */
96         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
97         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM,
98         0, 0, 0, 0,
99         /* 0x40 - 0x4F */
100         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
101         /* 0x50 - 0x57 */
102         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
103         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
104         /* 0x58 - 0x5F */
105         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
106         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
107         /* 0x60 - 0x67 */
108         0, 0, 0, DstReg | SrcMem32 | ModRM | Mov /* movsxd (x86/64) */ ,
109         0, 0, 0, 0,
110         /* 0x68 - 0x6F */
111         0, 0, ImplicitOps|Mov, 0,
112         SrcNone  | ByteOp  | ImplicitOps, SrcNone  | ImplicitOps, /* insb, insw/insd */
113         SrcNone  | ByteOp  | ImplicitOps, SrcNone  | ImplicitOps, /* outsb, outsw/outsd */
114         /* 0x70 - 0x77 */
115         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
116         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
117         /* 0x78 - 0x7F */
118         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
119         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
120         /* 0x80 - 0x87 */
121         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM, DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM,
122         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM, DstMem | SrcImmByte | ModRM,
123         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
124         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM,
125         /* 0x88 - 0x8F */
126         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | Mov, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | Mov,
127         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
128         0, ModRM | DstReg, 0, DstMem | SrcNone | ModRM | Mov,
129         /* 0x90 - 0x9F */
130         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, 0, 0,
131         /* 0xA0 - 0xA7 */
132         ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | Mov,
133         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | Mov, DstMem | SrcReg | Mov,
134         ByteOp | ImplicitOps | Mov, ImplicitOps | Mov,
135         ByteOp | ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
136         /* 0xA8 - 0xAF */
137         0, 0, ByteOp | ImplicitOps | Mov, ImplicitOps | Mov,
138         ByteOp | ImplicitOps | Mov, ImplicitOps | Mov,
139         ByteOp | ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
140         /* 0xB0 - 0xBF */
141         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
142         /* 0xC0 - 0xC7 */
143         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM, DstMem | SrcImmByte | ModRM,
144         0, ImplicitOps, 0, 0,
145         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM | Mov, DstMem | SrcImm | ModRM | Mov,
146         /* 0xC8 - 0xCF */
147         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
148         /* 0xD0 - 0xD7 */
149         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImplicit | ModRM, DstMem | SrcImplicit | ModRM,
150         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcImplicit | ModRM, DstMem | SrcImplicit | ModRM,
151         0, 0, 0, 0,
152         /* 0xD8 - 0xDF */
153         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
154         /* 0xE0 - 0xE7 */
155         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
156         /* 0xE8 - 0xEF */
157         ImplicitOps, SrcImm|ImplicitOps, 0, SrcImmByte|ImplicitOps, 0, 0, 0, 0,
158         /* 0xF0 - 0xF7 */
159         0, 0, 0, 0,
160         ImplicitOps, 0,
161         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcNone | ModRM, DstMem | SrcNone | ModRM,
162         /* 0xF8 - 0xFF */
163         0, 0, 0, 0,
164         0, 0, ByteOp | DstMem | SrcNone | ModRM, DstMem | SrcNone | ModRM
165 };
166
167 static u16 twobyte_table[256] = {
168         /* 0x00 - 0x0F */
169         0, SrcMem | ModRM | DstReg, 0, 0, 0, 0, ImplicitOps, 0,
170         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, 0, 0, 0, ImplicitOps | ModRM, 0, 0,
171         /* 0x10 - 0x1F */
172         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ImplicitOps | ModRM, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
173         /* 0x20 - 0x2F */
174         ModRM | ImplicitOps, ModRM, ModRM | ImplicitOps, ModRM, 0, 0, 0, 0,
175         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
176         /* 0x30 - 0x3F */
177         ImplicitOps, 0, ImplicitOps, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
178         /* 0x40 - 0x47 */
179         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
180         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
181         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
182         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
183         /* 0x48 - 0x4F */
184         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
185         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
186         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
187         DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov, DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
188         /* 0x50 - 0x5F */
189         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
190         /* 0x60 - 0x6F */
191         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
192         /* 0x70 - 0x7F */
193         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
194         /* 0x80 - 0x8F */
195         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
196         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
197         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
198         ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps, ImplicitOps,
199         /* 0x90 - 0x9F */
200         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
201         /* 0xA0 - 0xA7 */
202         0, 0, 0, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | BitOp, 0, 0, 0, 0,
203         /* 0xA8 - 0xAF */
204         0, 0, 0, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | BitOp, 0, 0, 0, 0,
205         /* 0xB0 - 0xB7 */
206         ByteOp | DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM, 0,
207             DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | BitOp,
208         0, 0, ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
209             DstReg | SrcMem16 | ModRM | Mov,
210         /* 0xB8 - 0xBF */
211         0, 0, DstMem | SrcImmByte | ModRM, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | BitOp,
212         0, 0, ByteOp | DstReg | SrcMem | ModRM | Mov,
213             DstReg | SrcMem16 | ModRM | Mov,
214         /* 0xC0 - 0xCF */
215         0, 0, 0, DstMem | SrcReg | ModRM | Mov, 0, 0, 0, ImplicitOps | ModRM,
216         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
217         /* 0xD0 - 0xDF */
218         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
219         /* 0xE0 - 0xEF */
220         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
221         /* 0xF0 - 0xFF */
222         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
223 };
224
225 /* EFLAGS bit definitions. */
226 #define EFLG_OF (1<<11)
227 #define EFLG_DF (1<<10)
228 #define EFLG_SF (1<<7)
229 #define EFLG_ZF (1<<6)
230 #define EFLG_AF (1<<4)
231 #define EFLG_PF (1<<2)
232 #define EFLG_CF (1<<0)
233
234 /*
235  * Instruction emulation:
236  * Most instructions are emulated directly via a fragment of inline assembly
237  * code. This allows us to save/restore EFLAGS and thus very easily pick up
238  * any modified flags.
239  */
240
241 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
242 #define _LO32 "k"               /* force 32-bit operand */
243 #define _STK  "%%rsp"           /* stack pointer */
244 #elif defined(__i386__)
245 #define _LO32 ""                /* force 32-bit operand */
246 #define _STK  "%%esp"           /* stack pointer */
247 #endif
248
249 /*
250  * These EFLAGS bits are restored from saved value during emulation, and
251  * any changes are written back to the saved value after emulation.
252  */
253 #define EFLAGS_MASK (EFLG_OF|EFLG_SF|EFLG_ZF|EFLG_AF|EFLG_PF|EFLG_CF)
254
255 /* Before executing instruction: restore necessary bits in EFLAGS. */
256 #define _PRE_EFLAGS(_sav, _msk, _tmp) \
257         /* EFLAGS = (_sav & _msk) | (EFLAGS & ~_msk); */        \
258         "push %"_sav"; "                                        \
259         "movl %"_msk",%"_LO32 _tmp"; "                          \
260         "andl %"_LO32 _tmp",("_STK"); "                         \
261         "pushf; "                                               \
262         "notl %"_LO32 _tmp"; "                                  \
263         "andl %"_LO32 _tmp",("_STK"); "                         \
264         "pop  %"_tmp"; "                                        \
265         "orl  %"_LO32 _tmp",("_STK"); "                         \
266         "popf; "                                                \
267         /* _sav &= ~msk; */                                     \
268         "movl %"_msk",%"_LO32 _tmp"; "                          \
269         "notl %"_LO32 _tmp"; "                                  \
270         "andl %"_LO32 _tmp",%"_sav"; "
271
272 /* After executing instruction: write-back necessary bits in EFLAGS. */
273 #define _POST_EFLAGS(_sav, _msk, _tmp) \
274         /* _sav |= EFLAGS & _msk; */            \
275         "pushf; "                               \
276         "pop  %"_tmp"; "                        \
277         "andl %"_msk",%"_LO32 _tmp"; "          \
278         "orl  %"_LO32 _tmp",%"_sav"; "
279
280 /* Raw emulation: instruction has two explicit operands. */
281 #define __emulate_2op_nobyte(_op,_src,_dst,_eflags,_wx,_wy,_lx,_ly,_qx,_qy) \
282         do {                                                                \
283                 unsigned long _tmp;                                         \
284                                                                             \
285                 switch ((_dst).bytes) {                                     \
286                 case 2:                                                     \
287                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                              \
288                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                    \
289                                 _op"w %"_wx"3,%1; "                         \
290                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                   \
291                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),        \
292                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                              \
293                                 : _wy ((_src).val), "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );    \
294                         break;                                              \
295                 case 4:                                                     \
296                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                              \
297                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                    \
298                                 _op"l %"_lx"3,%1; "                         \
299                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                   \
300                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),        \
301                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                              \
302                                 : _ly ((_src).val), "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );    \
303                         break;                                              \
304                 case 8:                                                     \
305                         __emulate_2op_8byte(_op, _src, _dst,                \
306                                             _eflags, _qx, _qy);             \
307                         break;                                              \
308                 }                                                           \
309         } while (0)
310
311 #define __emulate_2op(_op,_src,_dst,_eflags,_bx,_by,_wx,_wy,_lx,_ly,_qx,_qy) \
312         do {                                                                 \
313                 unsigned long _tmp;                                          \
314                 switch ( (_dst).bytes )                                      \
315                 {                                                            \
316                 case 1:                                                      \
317                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                               \
318                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                     \
319                                 _op"b %"_bx"3,%1; "                          \
320                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                    \
321                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),         \
322                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                               \
323                                 : _by ((_src).val), "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );     \
324                         break;                                               \
325                 default:                                                     \
326                         __emulate_2op_nobyte(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags,       \
327                                              _wx, _wy, _lx, _ly, _qx, _qy);  \
328                         break;                                               \
329                 }                                                            \
330         } while (0)
331
332 /* Source operand is byte-sized and may be restricted to just %cl. */
333 #define emulate_2op_SrcB(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags)                      \
334         __emulate_2op(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags,                         \
335                       "b", "c", "b", "c", "b", "c", "b", "c")
336
337 /* Source operand is byte, word, long or quad sized. */
338 #define emulate_2op_SrcV(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags)                      \
339         __emulate_2op(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags,                         \
340                       "b", "q", "w", "r", _LO32, "r", "", "r")
341
342 /* Source operand is word, long or quad sized. */
343 #define emulate_2op_SrcV_nobyte(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags)               \
344         __emulate_2op_nobyte(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags,                  \
345                              "w", "r", _LO32, "r", "", "r")
346
347 /* Instruction has only one explicit operand (no source operand). */
348 #define emulate_1op(_op, _dst, _eflags)                                    \
349         do {                                                            \
350                 unsigned long _tmp;                                     \
351                                                                         \
352                 switch ( (_dst).bytes )                                 \
353                 {                                                       \
354                 case 1:                                                 \
355                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
356                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","3","2")                \
357                                 _op"b %1; "                             \
358                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","3","2")               \
359                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),    \
360                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                          \
361                                 : "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );                  \
362                         break;                                          \
363                 case 2:                                                 \
364                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
365                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","3","2")                \
366                                 _op"w %1; "                             \
367                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","3","2")               \
368                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),    \
369                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                          \
370                                 : "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );                  \
371                         break;                                          \
372                 case 4:                                                 \
373                         __asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
374                                 _PRE_EFLAGS("0","3","2")                \
375                                 _op"l %1; "                             \
376                                 _POST_EFLAGS("0","3","2")               \
377                                 : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val),    \
378                                   "=&r" (_tmp)                          \
379                                 : "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );                  \
380                         break;                                          \
381                 case 8:                                                 \
382                         __emulate_1op_8byte(_op, _dst, _eflags);        \
383                         break;                                          \
384                 }                                                       \
385         } while (0)
386
387 /* Emulate an instruction with quadword operands (x86/64 only). */
388 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
389 #define __emulate_2op_8byte(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags, _qx, _qy)           \
390         do {                                                              \
391                 __asm__ __volatile__ (                                    \
392                         _PRE_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                          \
393                         _op"q %"_qx"3,%1; "                               \
394                         _POST_EFLAGS("0","4","2")                         \
395                         : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val), "=&r" (_tmp) \
396                         : _qy ((_src).val), "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );          \
397         } while (0)
398
399 #define __emulate_1op_8byte(_op, _dst, _eflags)                           \
400         do {                                                              \
401                 __asm__ __volatile__ (                                    \
402                         _PRE_EFLAGS("0","3","2")                          \
403                         _op"q %1; "                                       \
404                         _POST_EFLAGS("0","3","2")                         \
405                         : "=m" (_eflags), "=m" ((_dst).val), "=&r" (_tmp) \
406                         : "i" (EFLAGS_MASK) );                            \
407         } while (0)
408
409 #elif defined(__i386__)
410 #define __emulate_2op_8byte(_op, _src, _dst, _eflags, _qx, _qy)
411 #define __emulate_1op_8byte(_op, _dst, _eflags)
412 #endif                          /* __i386__ */
413
414 /* Fetch next part of the instruction being emulated. */
415 #define insn_fetch(_type, _size, _eip)                                  \
416 ({      unsigned long _x;                                               \
417         rc = ops->read_std((unsigned long)(_eip) + ctxt->cs_base, &_x,  \
418                                                   (_size), ctxt->vcpu); \
419         if ( rc != 0 )                                                  \
420                 goto done;                                              \
421         (_eip) += (_size);                                              \
422         (_type)_x;                                                      \
423 })
424
425 /* Access/update address held in a register, based on addressing mode. */
426 #define address_mask(reg)                                               \
427         ((c->ad_bytes == sizeof(unsigned long)) ?                       \
428                 (reg) : ((reg) & ((1UL << (c->ad_bytes << 3)) - 1)))
429 #define register_address(base, reg)                                     \
430         ((base) + address_mask(reg))
431 #define register_address_increment(reg, inc)                            \
432         do {                                                            \
433                 /* signed type ensures sign extension to long */        \
434                 int _inc = (inc);                                       \
435                 if (c->ad_bytes == sizeof(unsigned long))               \
436                         (reg) += _inc;                                  \
437                 else                                                    \
438                         (reg) = ((reg) &                                \
439                                  ~((1UL << (c->ad_bytes << 3)) - 1)) |  \
440                                 (((reg) + _inc) &                       \
441                                  ((1UL << (c->ad_bytes << 3)) - 1));    \
442         } while (0)
443
444 #define JMP_REL(rel)                                                    \
445         do {                                                            \
446                 register_address_increment(c->eip, rel);                \
447         } while (0)
448
449 /*
450  * Given the 'reg' portion of a ModRM byte, and a register block, return a
451  * pointer into the block that addresses the relevant register.
452  * @highbyte_regs specifies whether to decode AH,CH,DH,BH.
453  */
454 static void *decode_register(u8 modrm_reg, unsigned long *regs,
455                              int highbyte_regs)
456 {
457         void *p;
458
459         p = &regs[modrm_reg];
460         if (highbyte_regs && modrm_reg >= 4 && modrm_reg < 8)
461                 p = (unsigned char *)&regs[modrm_reg & 3] + 1;
462         return p;
463 }
464
465 static int read_descriptor(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt,
466                            struct x86_emulate_ops *ops,
467                            void *ptr,
468                            u16 *size, unsigned long *address, int op_bytes)
469 {
470         int rc;
471
472         if (op_bytes == 2)
473                 op_bytes = 3;
474         *address = 0;
475         rc = ops->read_std((unsigned long)ptr, (unsigned long *)size, 2,
476                            ctxt->vcpu);
477         if (rc)
478                 return rc;
479         rc = ops->read_std((unsigned long)ptr + 2, address, op_bytes,
480                            ctxt->vcpu);
481         return rc;
482 }
483
484 static int test_cc(unsigned int condition, unsigned int flags)
485 {
486         int rc = 0;
487
488         switch ((condition & 15) >> 1) {
489         case 0: /* o */
490                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_OF);
491                 break;
492         case 1: /* b/c/nae */
493                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_CF);
494                 break;
495         case 2: /* z/e */
496                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_ZF);
497                 break;
498         case 3: /* be/na */
499                 rc |= (flags & (EFLG_CF|EFLG_ZF));
500                 break;
501         case 4: /* s */
502                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_SF);
503                 break;
504         case 5: /* p/pe */
505                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_PF);
506                 break;
507         case 7: /* le/ng */
508                 rc |= (flags & EFLG_ZF);
509                 /* fall through */
510         case 6: /* l/nge */
511                 rc |= (!(flags & EFLG_SF) != !(flags & EFLG_OF));
512                 break;
513         }
514
515         /* Odd condition identifiers (lsb == 1) have inverted sense. */
516         return (!!rc ^ (condition & 1));
517 }
518
519 int
520 x86_emulate_memop(struct x86_emulate_ctxt *ctxt, struct x86_emulate_ops *ops)
521 {
522         struct decode_cache *c = &ctxt->decode;
523         u8 sib, rex_prefix = 0;
524         unsigned int i;
525         int rc = 0;
526         unsigned long cr2 = ctxt->cr2;
527         int mode = ctxt->mode;
528         int index_reg = 0, base_reg = 0, scale, rip_relative = 0;
529         int no_wb = 0;
530         u64 msr_data;
531
532         /* Shadow copy of register state. Committed on successful emulation. */
533         unsigned long _eflags = ctxt->eflags;
534
535         memset(c, 0, sizeof(struct decode_cache));
536         c->eip = ctxt->vcpu->rip;
537         memcpy(c->regs, ctxt->vcpu->regs, sizeof c->regs);
538
539         switch (mode) {
540         case X86EMUL_MODE_REAL:
541         case X86EMUL_MODE_PROT16:
542                 c->op_bytes = c->ad_bytes = 2;
543                 break;
544         case X86EMUL_MODE_PROT32:
545                 c->op_bytes = c->ad_bytes = 4;
546                 break;
547 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
548         case X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64:
549                 c->op_bytes = 4;
550                 c->ad_bytes = 8;
551                 break;
552 #endif
553         default:
554                 return -1;
555         }
556
557         /* Legacy prefixes. */
558         for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
559                 switch (c->b = insn_fetch(u8, 1, c->eip)) {
560                 case 0x66:      /* operand-size override */
561                         c->op_bytes ^= 6;       /* switch between 2/4 bytes */
562                         break;
563                 case 0x67:      /* address-size override */
564                         if (mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64)
565                                 /* switch between 4/8 bytes */
566                                 c->ad_bytes ^= 12;
567                         else
568                                 /* switch between 2/4 bytes */
569                                 c->ad_bytes ^= 6;
570                         break;
571                 case 0x2e:      /* CS override */
572                         c->override_base = &ctxt->cs_base;
573                         break;
574                 case 0x3e:      /* DS override */
575                         c->override_base = &ctxt->ds_base;
576                         break;
577                 case 0x26:      /* ES override */
578                         c->override_base = &ctxt->es_base;
579                         break;
580                 case 0x64:      /* FS override */
581                         c->override_base = &ctxt->fs_base;
582                         break;
583                 case 0x65:      /* GS override */
584                         c->override_base = &ctxt->gs_base;
585                         break;
586                 case 0x36:      /* SS override */
587                         c->override_base = &ctxt->ss_base;
588                         break;
589                 case 0xf0:      /* LOCK */
590                         c->lock_prefix = 1;
591                         break;
592                 case 0xf2:      /* REPNE/REPNZ */
593                 case 0xf3:      /* REP/REPE/REPZ */
594                         c->rep_prefix = 1;
595                         break;
596                 default:
597                         goto done_prefixes;
598                 }
599         }
600
601 done_prefixes:
602
603         /* REX prefix. */
604         if ((mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64) && ((c->b & 0xf0) == 0x40)) {
605                 rex_prefix = c->b;
606                 if (c->b & 8)
607                         c->op_bytes = 8;        /* REX.W */
608                 c->modrm_reg = (c->b & 4) << 1; /* REX.R */
609                 index_reg = (c->b & 2) << 2; /* REX.X */
610                 c->modrm_rm = base_reg = (c->b & 1) << 3; /* REG.B */
611                 c->b = insn_fetch(u8, 1, c->eip);
612         }
613
614         /* Opcode byte(s). */
615         c->d = opcode_table[c->b];
616         if (c->d == 0) {
617                 /* Two-byte opcode? */
618                 if (c->b == 0x0f) {
619                         c->twobyte = 1;
620                         c->b = insn_fetch(u8, 1, c->eip);
621                         c->d = twobyte_table[c->b];
622                 }
623
624                 /* Unrecognised? */
625                 if (c->d == 0)
626                         goto cannot_emulate;
627         }
628
629         /* ModRM and SIB bytes. */
630         if (c->d & ModRM) {
631                 c->modrm = insn_fetch(u8, 1, c->eip);
632                 c->modrm_mod |= (c->modrm & 0xc0) >> 6;
633                 c->modrm_reg |= (c->modrm & 0x38) >> 3;
634                 c->modrm_rm |= (c->modrm & 0x07);
635                 c->modrm_ea = 0;
636                 c->use_modrm_ea = 1;
637
638                 if (c->modrm_mod == 3) {
639                         c->modrm_val = *(unsigned long *)
640                           decode_register(c->modrm_rm, c->regs, c->d & ByteOp);
641                         goto modrm_done;
642                 }
643
644                 if (c->ad_bytes == 2) {
645                         unsigned bx = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RBX];
646                         unsigned bp = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RBP];
647                         unsigned si = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSI];
648                         unsigned di = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDI];
649
650                         /* 16-bit ModR/M decode. */
651                         switch (c->modrm_mod) {
652                         case 0:
653                                 if (c->modrm_rm == 6)
654                                         c->modrm_ea +=
655                                                 insn_fetch(u16, 2, c->eip);
656                                 break;
657                         case 1:
658                                 c->modrm_ea += insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
659                                 break;
660                         case 2:
661                                 c->modrm_ea += insn_fetch(u16, 2, c->eip);
662                                 break;
663                         }
664                         switch (c->modrm_rm) {
665                         case 0:
666                                 c->modrm_ea += bx + si;
667                                 break;
668                         case 1:
669                                 c->modrm_ea += bx + di;
670                                 break;
671                         case 2:
672                                 c->modrm_ea += bp + si;
673                                 break;
674                         case 3:
675                                 c->modrm_ea += bp + di;
676                                 break;
677                         case 4:
678                                 c->modrm_ea += si;
679                                 break;
680                         case 5:
681                                 c->modrm_ea += di;
682                                 break;
683                         case 6:
684                                 if (c->modrm_mod != 0)
685                                         c->modrm_ea += bp;
686                                 break;
687                         case 7:
688                                 c->modrm_ea += bx;
689                                 break;
690                         }
691                         if (c->modrm_rm == 2 || c->modrm_rm == 3 ||
692                             (c->modrm_rm == 6 && c->modrm_mod != 0))
693                                 if (!c->override_base)
694                                         c->override_base = &ctxt->ss_base;
695                         c->modrm_ea = (u16)c->modrm_ea;
696                 } else {
697                         /* 32/64-bit ModR/M decode. */
698                         switch (c->modrm_rm) {
699                         case 4:
700                         case 12:
701                                 sib = insn_fetch(u8, 1, c->eip);
702                                 index_reg |= (sib >> 3) & 7;
703                                 base_reg |= sib & 7;
704                                 scale = sib >> 6;
705
706                                 switch (base_reg) {
707                                 case 5:
708                                         if (c->modrm_mod != 0)
709                                                 c->modrm_ea +=
710                                                         c->regs[base_reg];
711                                         else
712                                                 c->modrm_ea +=
713                                                     insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
714                                         break;
715                                 default:
716                                         c->modrm_ea += c->regs[base_reg];
717                                 }
718                                 switch (index_reg) {
719                                 case 4:
720                                         break;
721                                 default:
722                                         c->modrm_ea +=
723                                                 c->regs[index_reg] << scale;
724
725                                 }
726                                 break;
727                         case 5:
728                                 if (c->modrm_mod != 0)
729                                         c->modrm_ea += c->regs[c->modrm_rm];
730                                 else if (mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64)
731                                         rip_relative = 1;
732                                 break;
733                         default:
734                                 c->modrm_ea += c->regs[c->modrm_rm];
735                                 break;
736                         }
737                         switch (c->modrm_mod) {
738                         case 0:
739                                 if (c->modrm_rm == 5)
740                                         c->modrm_ea +=
741                                                 insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
742                                 break;
743                         case 1:
744                                 c->modrm_ea += insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
745                                 break;
746                         case 2:
747                                 c->modrm_ea += insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
748                                 break;
749                         }
750                 }
751                 if (!c->override_base)
752                         c->override_base = &ctxt->ds_base;
753                 if (mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64 &&
754                     c->override_base != &ctxt->fs_base &&
755                     c->override_base != &ctxt->gs_base)
756                         c->override_base = NULL;
757
758                 if (c->override_base)
759                         c->modrm_ea += *c->override_base;
760
761                 if (rip_relative) {
762                         c->modrm_ea += c->eip;
763                         switch (c->d & SrcMask) {
764                         case SrcImmByte:
765                                 c->modrm_ea += 1;
766                                 break;
767                         case SrcImm:
768                                 if (c->d & ByteOp)
769                                         c->modrm_ea += 1;
770                                 else
771                                         if (c->op_bytes == 8)
772                                                 c->modrm_ea += 4;
773                                         else
774                                                 c->modrm_ea += c->op_bytes;
775                         }
776                 }
777                 if (c->ad_bytes != 8)
778                         c->modrm_ea = (u32)c->modrm_ea;
779                 cr2 = c->modrm_ea;
780         modrm_done:
781                 ;
782         }
783
784         /*
785          * Decode and fetch the source operand: register, memory
786          * or immediate.
787          */
788         switch (c->d & SrcMask) {
789         case SrcNone:
790                 break;
791         case SrcReg:
792                 c->src.type = OP_REG;
793                 if (c->d & ByteOp) {
794                         c->src.ptr =
795                                 decode_register(c->modrm_reg, c->regs,
796                                                   (rex_prefix == 0));
797                         c->src.val = c->src.orig_val = *(u8 *)c->src.ptr;
798                         c->src.bytes = 1;
799                 } else {
800                         c->src.ptr =
801                             decode_register(c->modrm_reg, c->regs, 0);
802                         switch ((c->src.bytes = c->op_bytes)) {
803                         case 2:
804                                 c->src.val = c->src.orig_val =
805                                                        *(u16 *) c->src.ptr;
806                                 break;
807                         case 4:
808                                 c->src.val = c->src.orig_val =
809                                                        *(u32 *) c->src.ptr;
810                                 break;
811                         case 8:
812                                 c->src.val = c->src.orig_val =
813                                                        *(u64 *) c->src.ptr;
814                                 break;
815                         }
816                 }
817                 break;
818         case SrcMem16:
819                 c->src.bytes = 2;
820                 goto srcmem_common;
821         case SrcMem32:
822                 c->src.bytes = 4;
823                 goto srcmem_common;
824         case SrcMem:
825                 c->src.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 :
826                                                            c->op_bytes;
827                 /* Don't fetch the address for invlpg: it could be unmapped. */
828                 if (c->twobyte && c->b == 0x01
829                                     && c->modrm_reg == 7)
830                         break;
831               srcmem_common:
832                 /*
833                  * For instructions with a ModR/M byte, switch to register
834                  * access if Mod = 3.
835                  */
836                 if ((c->d & ModRM) && c->modrm_mod == 3) {
837                         c->src.type = OP_REG;
838                         break;
839                 }
840                 c->src.type = OP_MEM;
841                 c->src.ptr = (unsigned long *)cr2;
842                 c->src.val = 0;
843                 if ((rc = ops->read_emulated((unsigned long)c->src.ptr,
844                                            &c->src.val,
845                                            c->src.bytes, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
846                         goto done;
847                 c->src.orig_val = c->src.val;
848                 break;
849         case SrcImm:
850                 c->src.type = OP_IMM;
851                 c->src.ptr = (unsigned long *)c->eip;
852                 c->src.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes;
853                 if (c->src.bytes == 8)
854                         c->src.bytes = 4;
855                 /* NB. Immediates are sign-extended as necessary. */
856                 switch (c->src.bytes) {
857                 case 1:
858                         c->src.val = insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
859                         break;
860                 case 2:
861                         c->src.val = insn_fetch(s16, 2, c->eip);
862                         break;
863                 case 4:
864                         c->src.val = insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
865                         break;
866                 }
867                 break;
868         case SrcImmByte:
869                 c->src.type = OP_IMM;
870                 c->src.ptr = (unsigned long *)c->eip;
871                 c->src.bytes = 1;
872                 c->src.val = insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
873                 break;
874         }
875
876         /* Decode and fetch the destination operand: register or memory. */
877         switch (c->d & DstMask) {
878         case ImplicitOps:
879                 /* Special instructions do their own operand decoding. */
880                 goto special_insn;
881         case DstReg:
882                 c->dst.type = OP_REG;
883                 if ((c->d & ByteOp)
884                     && !(c->twobyte &&
885                         (c->b == 0xb6 || c->b == 0xb7))) {
886                         c->dst.ptr =
887                                 decode_register(c->modrm_reg, c->regs,
888                                                   (rex_prefix == 0));
889                         c->dst.val = *(u8 *) c->dst.ptr;
890                         c->dst.bytes = 1;
891                 } else {
892                         c->dst.ptr =
893                             decode_register(c->modrm_reg, c->regs, 0);
894                         switch ((c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes)) {
895                         case 2:
896                                 c->dst.val = *(u16 *)c->dst.ptr;
897                                 break;
898                         case 4:
899                                 c->dst.val = *(u32 *)c->dst.ptr;
900                                 break;
901                         case 8:
902                                 c->dst.val = *(u64 *)c->dst.ptr;
903                                 break;
904                         }
905                 }
906                 break;
907         case DstMem:
908                 c->dst.type = OP_MEM;
909                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)cr2;
910                 c->dst.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes;
911                 c->dst.val = 0;
912                 if ((c->d & ModRM) && c->modrm_mod == 3) {
913                         c->dst.type = OP_REG;
914                         break;
915                 }
916                 if (c->d & BitOp) {
917                         unsigned long mask = ~(c->dst.bytes * 8 - 1);
918
919                         c->dst.ptr = (void *)c->dst.ptr +
920                                                    (c->src.val & mask) / 8;
921                 }
922                 if (!(c->d & Mov) &&
923                                    /* optimisation - avoid slow emulated read */
924                     ((rc = ops->read_emulated((unsigned long)c->dst.ptr,
925                                            &c->dst.val,
926                                           c->dst.bytes, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0))
927                         goto done;
928                 break;
929         }
930         c->dst.orig_val = c->dst.val;
931
932         if (c->twobyte)
933                 goto twobyte_insn;
934
935         switch (c->b) {
936         case 0x00 ... 0x05:
937               add:              /* add */
938                 emulate_2op_SrcV("add", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
939                 break;
940         case 0x08 ... 0x0d:
941               or:               /* or */
942                 emulate_2op_SrcV("or", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
943                 break;
944         case 0x10 ... 0x15:
945               adc:              /* adc */
946                 emulate_2op_SrcV("adc", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
947                 break;
948         case 0x18 ... 0x1d:
949               sbb:              /* sbb */
950                 emulate_2op_SrcV("sbb", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
951                 break;
952         case 0x20 ... 0x23:
953               and:              /* and */
954                 emulate_2op_SrcV("and", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
955                 break;
956         case 0x24:              /* and al imm8 */
957                 c->dst.type = OP_REG;
958                 c->dst.ptr = &c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
959                 c->dst.val = *(u8 *)c->dst.ptr;
960                 c->dst.bytes = 1;
961                 c->dst.orig_val = c->dst.val;
962                 goto and;
963         case 0x25:              /* and ax imm16, or eax imm32 */
964                 c->dst.type = OP_REG;
965                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
966                 c->dst.ptr = &c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
967                 if (c->op_bytes == 2)
968                         c->dst.val = *(u16 *)c->dst.ptr;
969                 else
970                         c->dst.val = *(u32 *)c->dst.ptr;
971                 c->dst.orig_val = c->dst.val;
972                 goto and;
973         case 0x28 ... 0x2d:
974               sub:              /* sub */
975                 emulate_2op_SrcV("sub", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
976                 break;
977         case 0x30 ... 0x35:
978               xor:              /* xor */
979                 emulate_2op_SrcV("xor", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
980                 break;
981         case 0x38 ... 0x3d:
982               cmp:              /* cmp */
983                 emulate_2op_SrcV("cmp", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
984                 break;
985         case 0x63:              /* movsxd */
986                 if (mode != X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64)
987                         goto cannot_emulate;
988                 c->dst.val = (s32) c->src.val;
989                 break;
990         case 0x80 ... 0x83:     /* Grp1 */
991                 switch (c->modrm_reg) {
992                 case 0:
993                         goto add;
994                 case 1:
995                         goto or;
996                 case 2:
997                         goto adc;
998                 case 3:
999                         goto sbb;
1000                 case 4:
1001                         goto and;
1002                 case 5:
1003                         goto sub;
1004                 case 6:
1005                         goto xor;
1006                 case 7:
1007                         goto cmp;
1008                 }
1009                 break;
1010         case 0x84 ... 0x85:
1011               test:             /* test */
1012                 emulate_2op_SrcV("test", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1013                 break;
1014         case 0x86 ... 0x87:     /* xchg */
1015                 /* Write back the register source. */
1016                 switch (c->dst.bytes) {
1017                 case 1:
1018                         *(u8 *) c->src.ptr = (u8) c->dst.val;
1019                         break;
1020                 case 2:
1021                         *(u16 *) c->src.ptr = (u16) c->dst.val;
1022                         break;
1023                 case 4:
1024                         *c->src.ptr = (u32) c->dst.val;
1025                         break;  /* 64b reg: zero-extend */
1026                 case 8:
1027                         *c->src.ptr = c->dst.val;
1028                         break;
1029                 }
1030                 /*
1031                  * Write back the memory destination with implicit LOCK
1032                  * prefix.
1033                  */
1034                 c->dst.val = c->src.val;
1035                 c->lock_prefix = 1;
1036                 break;
1037         case 0x88 ... 0x8b:     /* mov */
1038                 goto mov;
1039         case 0x8d: /* lea r16/r32, m */
1040                 c->dst.val = c->modrm_val;
1041                 break;
1042         case 0x8f:              /* pop (sole member of Grp1a) */
1043                 /* 64-bit mode: POP always pops a 64-bit operand. */
1044                 if (mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64)
1045                         c->dst.bytes = 8;
1046                 if ((rc = ops->read_std(register_address(
1047                                                    ctxt->ss_base,
1048                                                    c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP]),
1049                                                    &c->dst.val,
1050                                                    c->dst.bytes,
1051                                                    ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1052                         goto done;
1053                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP],
1054                                            c->dst.bytes);
1055                 break;
1056         case 0xa0 ... 0xa1:     /* mov */
1057                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)&c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1058                 c->dst.val = c->src.val;
1059                 /* skip src displacement */
1060                 c->eip += c->ad_bytes;
1061                 break;
1062         case 0xa2 ... 0xa3:     /* mov */
1063                 c->dst.val = (unsigned long)c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1064                 /* skip c->dst displacement */
1065                 c->eip += c->ad_bytes;
1066                 break;
1067         case 0xc0 ... 0xc1:
1068               grp2:             /* Grp2 */
1069                 switch (c->modrm_reg) {
1070                 case 0: /* rol */
1071                         emulate_2op_SrcB("rol", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1072                         break;
1073                 case 1: /* ror */
1074                         emulate_2op_SrcB("ror", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1075                         break;
1076                 case 2: /* rcl */
1077                         emulate_2op_SrcB("rcl", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1078                         break;
1079                 case 3: /* rcr */
1080                         emulate_2op_SrcB("rcr", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1081                         break;
1082                 case 4: /* sal/shl */
1083                 case 6: /* sal/shl */
1084                         emulate_2op_SrcB("sal", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1085                         break;
1086                 case 5: /* shr */
1087                         emulate_2op_SrcB("shr", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1088                         break;
1089                 case 7: /* sar */
1090                         emulate_2op_SrcB("sar", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1091                         break;
1092                 }
1093                 break;
1094         case 0xc6 ... 0xc7:     /* mov (sole member of Grp11) */
1095         mov:
1096                 c->dst.val = c->src.val;
1097                 break;
1098         case 0xd0 ... 0xd1:     /* Grp2 */
1099                 c->src.val = 1;
1100                 goto grp2;
1101         case 0xd2 ... 0xd3:     /* Grp2 */
1102                 c->src.val = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX];
1103                 goto grp2;
1104         case 0xf6 ... 0xf7:     /* Grp3 */
1105                 switch (c->modrm_reg) {
1106                 case 0 ... 1:   /* test */
1107                         /*
1108                          * Special case in Grp3: test has an immediate
1109                          * source operand.
1110                          */
1111                         c->src.type = OP_IMM;
1112                         c->src.ptr = (unsigned long *)c->eip;
1113                         c->src.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 :
1114                                                                c->op_bytes;
1115                         if (c->src.bytes == 8)
1116                                 c->src.bytes = 4;
1117                         switch (c->src.bytes) {
1118                         case 1:
1119                                 c->src.val = insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
1120                                 break;
1121                         case 2:
1122                                 c->src.val = insn_fetch(s16, 2, c->eip);
1123                                 break;
1124                         case 4:
1125                                 c->src.val = insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
1126                                 break;
1127                         }
1128                         goto test;
1129                 case 2: /* not */
1130                         c->dst.val = ~c->dst.val;
1131                         break;
1132                 case 3: /* neg */
1133                         emulate_1op("neg", c->dst, _eflags);
1134                         break;
1135                 default:
1136                         goto cannot_emulate;
1137                 }
1138                 break;
1139         case 0xfe ... 0xff:     /* Grp4/Grp5 */
1140                 switch (c->modrm_reg) {
1141                 case 0: /* inc */
1142                         emulate_1op("inc", c->dst, _eflags);
1143                         break;
1144                 case 1: /* dec */
1145                         emulate_1op("dec", c->dst, _eflags);
1146                         break;
1147                 case 4: /* jmp abs */
1148                         if (c->b == 0xff)
1149                                 c->eip = c->dst.val;
1150                         else
1151                                 goto cannot_emulate;
1152                         break;
1153                 case 6: /* push */
1154                         /* 64-bit mode: PUSH always pushes a 64-bit operand. */
1155                         if (mode == X86EMUL_MODE_PROT64) {
1156                                 c->dst.bytes = 8;
1157                                 if ((rc = ops->read_std(
1158                                                  (unsigned long)c->dst.ptr,
1159                                                  &c->dst.val, 8,
1160                                                  ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1161                                         goto done;
1162                         }
1163                         register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP],
1164                                                    -c->dst.bytes);
1165                         if ((rc = ops->write_emulated(
1166                                      register_address(ctxt->ss_base,
1167                                           c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP]),
1168                                           &c->dst.val,
1169                                            c->dst.bytes, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1170                                 goto done;
1171                         no_wb = 1;
1172                         break;
1173                 default:
1174                         goto cannot_emulate;
1175                 }
1176                 break;
1177         }
1178
1179 writeback:
1180         if (!no_wb) {
1181                 switch (c->dst.type) {
1182                 case OP_REG:
1183                         /* The 4-byte case *is* correct:
1184                          * in 64-bit mode we zero-extend.
1185                          */
1186                         switch (c->dst.bytes) {
1187                         case 1:
1188                                 *(u8 *)c->dst.ptr = (u8)c->dst.val;
1189                                 break;
1190                         case 2:
1191                                 *(u16 *)c->dst.ptr = (u16)c->dst.val;
1192                                 break;
1193                         case 4:
1194                                 *c->dst.ptr = (u32)c->dst.val;
1195                                 break;  /* 64b: zero-ext */
1196                         case 8:
1197                                 *c->dst.ptr = c->dst.val;
1198                                 break;
1199                         }
1200                         break;
1201                 case OP_MEM:
1202                         if (c->lock_prefix)
1203                                 rc = ops->cmpxchg_emulated(
1204                                                 (unsigned long)c->dst.ptr,
1205                                                 &c->dst.orig_val,
1206                                                 &c->dst.val,
1207                                                 c->dst.bytes,
1208                                                 ctxt->vcpu);
1209                         else
1210                                 rc = ops->write_emulated(
1211                                                 (unsigned long)c->dst.ptr,
1212                                                 &c->dst.val,
1213                                                 c->dst.bytes,
1214                                                 ctxt->vcpu);
1215                         if (rc != 0)
1216                                 goto done;
1217                 default:
1218                         break;
1219                 }
1220         }
1221
1222         /* Commit shadow register state. */
1223         memcpy(ctxt->vcpu->regs, c->regs, sizeof c->regs);
1224         ctxt->eflags = _eflags;
1225         ctxt->vcpu->rip = c->eip;
1226
1227 done:
1228         return (rc == X86EMUL_UNHANDLEABLE) ? -1 : 0;
1229
1230 special_insn:
1231         if (c->twobyte)
1232                 goto twobyte_special_insn;
1233         switch (c->b) {
1234         case 0x50 ... 0x57:  /* push reg */
1235                 if (c->op_bytes == 2)
1236                         c->src.val = (u16) c->regs[c->b & 0x7];
1237                 else
1238                         c->src.val = (u32) c->regs[c->b & 0x7];
1239                 c->dst.type  = OP_MEM;
1240                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
1241                 c->dst.val = c->src.val;
1242                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP],
1243                                            -c->op_bytes);
1244                 c->dst.ptr = (void *) register_address(
1245                         ctxt->ss_base, c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP]);
1246                 break;
1247         case 0x58 ... 0x5f: /* pop reg */
1248                 c->dst.ptr =
1249                                 (unsigned long *)&c->regs[c->b & 0x7];
1250         pop_instruction:
1251                 if ((rc = ops->read_std(register_address(ctxt->ss_base,
1252                         c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP]), c->dst.ptr,
1253                         c->op_bytes, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1254                         goto done;
1255
1256                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP],
1257                                            c->op_bytes);
1258                 no_wb = 1; /* Disable writeback. */
1259                 break;
1260         case 0x6a: /* push imm8 */
1261                 c->src.val = 0L;
1262                 c->src.val = insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
1263 push:
1264                 c->dst.type  = OP_MEM;
1265                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
1266                 c->dst.val = c->src.val;
1267                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP],
1268                                            -c->op_bytes);
1269                 c->dst.ptr = (void *) register_address(ctxt->ss_base,
1270                                                        c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSP]);
1271                 break;
1272         case 0x6c:              /* insb */
1273         case 0x6d:              /* insw/insd */
1274                  if (kvm_emulate_pio_string(ctxt->vcpu, NULL,
1275                                 1,
1276                                 (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes,
1277                                 c->rep_prefix ?
1278                                 address_mask(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX]) : 1,
1279                                 (_eflags & EFLG_DF),
1280                                 register_address(ctxt->es_base,
1281                                                  c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDI]),
1282                                 c->rep_prefix,
1283                                 c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX]) == 0)
1284                         return -1;
1285                 return 0;
1286         case 0x6e:              /* outsb */
1287         case 0x6f:              /* outsw/outsd */
1288                 if (kvm_emulate_pio_string(ctxt->vcpu, NULL,
1289                                 0,
1290                                 (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes,
1291                                 c->rep_prefix ?
1292                                 address_mask(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX]) : 1,
1293                                 (_eflags & EFLG_DF),
1294                                 register_address(c->override_base ?
1295                                                         *c->override_base :
1296                                                         ctxt->ds_base,
1297                                                  c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSI]),
1298                                 c->rep_prefix,
1299                                 c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX]) == 0)
1300                         return -1;
1301                 return 0;
1302         case 0x70 ... 0x7f: /* jcc (short) */ {
1303                 int rel = insn_fetch(s8, 1, c->eip);
1304
1305                 if (test_cc(c->b, _eflags))
1306                 JMP_REL(rel);
1307                 break;
1308         }
1309         case 0x9c: /* pushf */
1310                 c->src.val =  (unsigned long) _eflags;
1311                 goto push;
1312         case 0x9d: /* popf */
1313                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *) &_eflags;
1314                 goto pop_instruction;
1315         case 0xc3: /* ret */
1316                 c->dst.ptr = &c->eip;
1317                 goto pop_instruction;
1318         case 0xf4:              /* hlt */
1319                 ctxt->vcpu->halt_request = 1;
1320                 goto done;
1321         }
1322         if (c->rep_prefix) {
1323                 if (c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX] == 0) {
1324                         ctxt->vcpu->rip = c->eip;
1325                         goto done;
1326                 }
1327                 c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX]--;
1328                 c->eip = ctxt->vcpu->rip;
1329         }
1330         switch (c->b) {
1331         case 0xa4 ... 0xa5:     /* movs */
1332                 c->dst.type = OP_MEM;
1333                 c->dst.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes;
1334                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)register_address(
1335                                                    ctxt->es_base,
1336                                                    c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDI]);
1337                 if ((rc = ops->read_emulated(register_address(
1338                       c->override_base ? *c->override_base :
1339                                         ctxt->ds_base,
1340                                         c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSI]),
1341                                         &c->dst.val,
1342                                         c->dst.bytes, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1343                         goto done;
1344                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSI],
1345                                        (_eflags & EFLG_DF) ? -c->dst.bytes
1346                                                            : c->dst.bytes);
1347                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDI],
1348                                        (_eflags & EFLG_DF) ? -c->dst.bytes
1349                                                            : c->dst.bytes);
1350                 break;
1351         case 0xa6 ... 0xa7:     /* cmps */
1352                 DPRINTF("Urk! I don't handle CMPS.\n");
1353                 goto cannot_emulate;
1354         case 0xaa ... 0xab:     /* stos */
1355                 c->dst.type = OP_MEM;
1356                 c->dst.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes;
1357                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)cr2;
1358                 c->dst.val = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1359                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDI],
1360                                        (_eflags & EFLG_DF) ? -c->dst.bytes
1361                                                            : c->dst.bytes);
1362                 break;
1363         case 0xac ... 0xad:     /* lods */
1364                 c->dst.type = OP_REG;
1365                 c->dst.bytes = (c->d & ByteOp) ? 1 : c->op_bytes;
1366                 c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)&c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1367                 if ((rc = ops->read_emulated(cr2, &c->dst.val,
1368                                              c->dst.bytes,
1369                                              ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1370                         goto done;
1371                 register_address_increment(c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RSI],
1372                                        (_eflags & EFLG_DF) ? -c->dst.bytes
1373                                                            : c->dst.bytes);
1374                 break;
1375         case 0xae ... 0xaf:     /* scas */
1376                 DPRINTF("Urk! I don't handle SCAS.\n");
1377                 goto cannot_emulate;
1378         case 0xe8: /* call (near) */ {
1379                 long int rel;
1380                 switch (c->op_bytes) {
1381                 case 2:
1382                         rel = insn_fetch(s16, 2, c->eip);
1383                         break;
1384                 case 4:
1385                         rel = insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
1386                         break;
1387                 case 8:
1388                         rel = insn_fetch(s64, 8, c->eip);
1389                         break;
1390                 default:
1391                         DPRINTF("Call: Invalid op_bytes\n");
1392                         goto cannot_emulate;
1393                 }
1394                 c->src.val = (unsigned long) c->eip;
1395                 JMP_REL(rel);
1396                 c->op_bytes = c->ad_bytes;
1397                 goto push;
1398         }
1399         case 0xe9: /* jmp rel */
1400         case 0xeb: /* jmp rel short */
1401                 JMP_REL(c->src.val);
1402                 no_wb = 1; /* Disable writeback. */
1403                 break;
1404
1405
1406         }
1407         goto writeback;
1408
1409 twobyte_insn:
1410         switch (c->b) {
1411         case 0x01: /* lgdt, lidt, lmsw */
1412                 /* Disable writeback. */
1413                 no_wb = 1;
1414                 switch (c->modrm_reg) {
1415                         u16 size;
1416                         unsigned long address;
1417
1418                 case 0: /* vmcall */
1419                         if (c->modrm_mod != 3 || c->modrm_rm != 1)
1420                                 goto cannot_emulate;
1421
1422                         rc = kvm_fix_hypercall(ctxt->vcpu);
1423                         if (rc)
1424                                 goto done;
1425
1426                         kvm_emulate_hypercall(ctxt->vcpu);
1427                         break;
1428                 case 2: /* lgdt */
1429                         rc = read_descriptor(ctxt, ops, c->src.ptr,
1430                                              &size, &address, c->op_bytes);
1431                         if (rc)
1432                                 goto done;
1433                         realmode_lgdt(ctxt->vcpu, size, address);
1434                         break;
1435                 case 3: /* lidt/vmmcall */
1436                         if (c->modrm_mod == 3 && c->modrm_rm == 1) {
1437                                 rc = kvm_fix_hypercall(ctxt->vcpu);
1438                                 if (rc)
1439                                         goto done;
1440                                 kvm_emulate_hypercall(ctxt->vcpu);
1441                         } else {
1442                                 rc = read_descriptor(ctxt, ops, c->src.ptr,
1443                                                      &size, &address,
1444                                                      c->op_bytes);
1445                                 if (rc)
1446                                         goto done;
1447                                 realmode_lidt(ctxt->vcpu, size, address);
1448                         }
1449                         break;
1450                 case 4: /* smsw */
1451                         if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1452                                 goto cannot_emulate;
1453                         *(u16 *)&c->regs[c->modrm_rm]
1454                                 = realmode_get_cr(ctxt->vcpu, 0);
1455                         break;
1456                 case 6: /* lmsw */
1457                         if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1458                                 goto cannot_emulate;
1459                         realmode_lmsw(ctxt->vcpu, (u16)c->modrm_val, &_eflags);
1460                         break;
1461                 case 7: /* invlpg*/
1462                         emulate_invlpg(ctxt->vcpu, cr2);
1463                         break;
1464                 default:
1465                         goto cannot_emulate;
1466                 }
1467                 break;
1468         case 0x21: /* mov from dr to reg */
1469                 no_wb = 1;
1470                 if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1471                         goto cannot_emulate;
1472                 rc = emulator_get_dr(ctxt, c->modrm_reg,
1473                                      &c->regs[c->modrm_rm]);
1474                 break;
1475         case 0x23: /* mov from reg to dr */
1476                 no_wb = 1;
1477                 if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1478                         goto cannot_emulate;
1479                 rc = emulator_set_dr(ctxt, c->modrm_reg,
1480                                      c->regs[c->modrm_rm]);
1481                 break;
1482         case 0x40 ... 0x4f:     /* cmov */
1483                 c->dst.val = c->dst.orig_val = c->src.val;
1484                 no_wb = 1;
1485                 /*
1486                  * First, assume we're decoding an even cmov opcode
1487                  * (lsb == 0).
1488                  */
1489                 switch ((c->b & 15) >> 1) {
1490                 case 0: /* cmovo */
1491                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_OF) ? 0 : 1;
1492                         break;
1493                 case 1: /* cmovb/cmovc/cmovnae */
1494                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_CF) ? 0 : 1;
1495                         break;
1496                 case 2: /* cmovz/cmove */
1497                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_ZF) ? 0 : 1;
1498                         break;
1499                 case 3: /* cmovbe/cmovna */
1500                         no_wb = (_eflags & (EFLG_CF | EFLG_ZF)) ? 0 : 1;
1501                         break;
1502                 case 4: /* cmovs */
1503                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_SF) ? 0 : 1;
1504                         break;
1505                 case 5: /* cmovp/cmovpe */
1506                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_PF) ? 0 : 1;
1507                         break;
1508                 case 7: /* cmovle/cmovng */
1509                         no_wb = (_eflags & EFLG_ZF) ? 0 : 1;
1510                         /* fall through */
1511                 case 6: /* cmovl/cmovnge */
1512                         no_wb &= (!(_eflags & EFLG_SF) !=
1513                               !(_eflags & EFLG_OF)) ? 0 : 1;
1514                         break;
1515                 }
1516                 /* Odd cmov opcodes (lsb == 1) have inverted sense. */
1517                 no_wb ^= c->b & 1;
1518                 break;
1519         case 0xa3:
1520               bt:               /* bt */
1521                 /* only subword offset */
1522                 c->src.val &= (c->dst.bytes << 3) - 1;
1523                 emulate_2op_SrcV_nobyte("bt", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1524                 break;
1525         case 0xab:
1526               bts:              /* bts */
1527                 /* only subword offset */
1528                 c->src.val &= (c->dst.bytes << 3) - 1;
1529                 emulate_2op_SrcV_nobyte("bts", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1530                 break;
1531         case 0xb0 ... 0xb1:     /* cmpxchg */
1532                 /*
1533                  * Save real source value, then compare EAX against
1534                  * destination.
1535                  */
1536                 c->src.orig_val = c->src.val;
1537                 c->src.val = c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1538                 emulate_2op_SrcV("cmp", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1539                 if (_eflags & EFLG_ZF) {
1540                         /* Success: write back to memory. */
1541                         c->dst.val = c->src.orig_val;
1542                 } else {
1543                         /* Failure: write the value we saw to EAX. */
1544                         c->dst.type = OP_REG;
1545                         c->dst.ptr = (unsigned long *)&c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX];
1546                 }
1547                 break;
1548         case 0xb3:
1549               btr:              /* btr */
1550                 /* only subword offset */
1551                 c->src.val &= (c->dst.bytes << 3) - 1;
1552                 emulate_2op_SrcV_nobyte("btr", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1553                 break;
1554         case 0xb6 ... 0xb7:     /* movzx */
1555                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
1556                 c->dst.val = (c->d & ByteOp) ? (u8) c->src.val
1557                                                        : (u16) c->src.val;
1558                 break;
1559         case 0xba:              /* Grp8 */
1560                 switch (c->modrm_reg & 3) {
1561                 case 0:
1562                         goto bt;
1563                 case 1:
1564                         goto bts;
1565                 case 2:
1566                         goto btr;
1567                 case 3:
1568                         goto btc;
1569                 }
1570                 break;
1571         case 0xbb:
1572               btc:              /* btc */
1573                 /* only subword offset */
1574                 c->src.val &= (c->dst.bytes << 3) - 1;
1575                 emulate_2op_SrcV_nobyte("btc", c->src, c->dst, _eflags);
1576                 break;
1577         case 0xbe ... 0xbf:     /* movsx */
1578                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
1579                 c->dst.val = (c->d & ByteOp) ? (s8) c->src.val :
1580                                                         (s16) c->src.val;
1581                 break;
1582         case 0xc3:              /* movnti */
1583                 c->dst.bytes = c->op_bytes;
1584                 c->dst.val = (c->op_bytes == 4) ? (u32) c->src.val :
1585                                                         (u64) c->src.val;
1586                 break;
1587         }
1588         goto writeback;
1589
1590 twobyte_special_insn:
1591         /* Disable writeback. */
1592         no_wb = 1;
1593         switch (c->b) {
1594         case 0x06:
1595                 emulate_clts(ctxt->vcpu);
1596                 break;
1597         case 0x08:              /* invd */
1598                 break;
1599         case 0x09:              /* wbinvd */
1600                 break;
1601         case 0x0d:              /* GrpP (prefetch) */
1602         case 0x18:              /* Grp16 (prefetch/nop) */
1603                 break;
1604         case 0x20: /* mov cr, reg */
1605                 if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1606                         goto cannot_emulate;
1607                 c->regs[c->modrm_rm] =
1608                                 realmode_get_cr(ctxt->vcpu, c->modrm_reg);
1609                 break;
1610         case 0x22: /* mov reg, cr */
1611                 if (c->modrm_mod != 3)
1612                         goto cannot_emulate;
1613                 realmode_set_cr(ctxt->vcpu,
1614                                 c->modrm_reg, c->modrm_val, &_eflags);
1615                 break;
1616         case 0x30:
1617                 /* wrmsr */
1618                 msr_data = (u32)c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX]
1619                         | ((u64)c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX] << 32);
1620                 rc = kvm_set_msr(ctxt->vcpu, c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX], msr_data);
1621                 if (rc) {
1622                         kvm_x86_ops->inject_gp(ctxt->vcpu, 0);
1623                         c->eip = ctxt->vcpu->rip;
1624                 }
1625                 rc = X86EMUL_CONTINUE;
1626                 break;
1627         case 0x32:
1628                 /* rdmsr */
1629                 rc = kvm_get_msr(ctxt->vcpu,
1630                                  c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX], &msr_data);
1631                 if (rc) {
1632                         kvm_x86_ops->inject_gp(ctxt->vcpu, 0);
1633                         c->eip = ctxt->vcpu->rip;
1634                 } else {
1635                         c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX] = (u32)msr_data;
1636                         c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX] = msr_data >> 32;
1637                 }
1638                 rc = X86EMUL_CONTINUE;
1639                 break;
1640         case 0x80 ... 0x8f: /* jnz rel, etc*/ {
1641                 long int rel;
1642
1643                 switch (c->op_bytes) {
1644                 case 2:
1645                         rel = insn_fetch(s16, 2, c->eip);
1646                         break;
1647                 case 4:
1648                         rel = insn_fetch(s32, 4, c->eip);
1649                         break;
1650                 case 8:
1651                         rel = insn_fetch(s64, 8, c->eip);
1652                         break;
1653                 default:
1654                         DPRINTF("jnz: Invalid op_bytes\n");
1655                         goto cannot_emulate;
1656                 }
1657                 if (test_cc(c->b, _eflags))
1658                         JMP_REL(rel);
1659                 break;
1660         }
1661         case 0xc7:              /* Grp9 (cmpxchg8b) */
1662                 {
1663                         u64 old, new;
1664                         if ((rc = ops->read_emulated(cr2, &old, 8, ctxt->vcpu))
1665                                                                         != 0)
1666                                 goto done;
1667                         if (((u32) (old >> 0) !=
1668                                         (u32) c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX]) ||
1669                             ((u32) (old >> 32) !=
1670                                         (u32) c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX])) {
1671                                 c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RAX] = (u32) (old >> 0);
1672                                 c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RDX] = (u32) (old >> 32);
1673                                 _eflags &= ~EFLG_ZF;
1674                         } else {
1675                                 new = ((u64)c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RCX] << 32)
1676                                         | (u32) c->regs[VCPU_REGS_RBX];
1677                                 if ((rc = ops->cmpxchg_emulated(cr2, &old,
1678                                                           &new, 8, ctxt->vcpu)) != 0)
1679                                         goto done;
1680                                 _eflags |= EFLG_ZF;
1681                         }
1682                         break;
1683                 }
1684         }
1685         goto writeback;
1686
1687 cannot_emulate:
1688         DPRINTF("Cannot emulate %02x\n", c->b);
1689         return -1;
1690 }