2 * linux/arch/x86_64/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
6 * Copyright (C) 2002,2003 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 #include <linux/signal.h>
10 #include <linux/sched.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/errno.h>
13 #include <linux/string.h>
14 #include <linux/types.h>
15 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
16 #include <linux/mman.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/smp.h>
20 #include <linux/init.h>
21 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
22 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
23 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
24 #include <linux/pci.h>
25 #include <linux/poison.h>
26 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
27 #include <linux/module.h>
28 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
30 #include <asm/processor.h>
31 #include <asm/system.h>
32 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
33 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
34 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
36 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
40 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
41 #include <asm/proto.h>
43 #include <asm/sections.h>
49 struct dma_mapping_ops* dma_ops;
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_ops);
52 static unsigned long dma_reserve __initdata;
54 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
57 * NOTE: pagetable_init alloc all the fixmap pagetables contiguous on the
58 * physical space so we can cache the place of the first one and move
59 * around without checking the pgd every time.
64 long i, total = 0, reserved = 0;
65 long shared = 0, cached = 0;
69 printk(KERN_INFO "Mem-info:\n");
71 printk(KERN_INFO "Free swap: %6ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10));
73 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
74 for (i = 0; i < pgdat->node_spanned_pages; ++i) {
75 page = pfn_to_page(pgdat->node_start_pfn + i);
77 if (PageReserved(page))
79 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
81 else if (page_count(page))
82 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
85 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages of RAM\n", total);
86 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu reserved pages\n",reserved);
87 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages shared\n",shared);
88 printk(KERN_INFO "%lu pages swap cached\n",cached);
93 static __init void *spp_getpage(void)
97 ptr = (void *) get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
99 ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
100 if (!ptr || ((unsigned long)ptr & ~PAGE_MASK))
101 panic("set_pte_phys: cannot allocate page data %s\n", after_bootmem?"after bootmem":"");
103 Dprintk("spp_getpage %p\n", ptr);
107 static __init void set_pte_phys(unsigned long vaddr,
108 unsigned long phys, pgprot_t prot)
115 Dprintk("set_pte_phys %lx to %lx\n", vaddr, phys);
117 pgd = pgd_offset_k(vaddr);
118 if (pgd_none(*pgd)) {
119 printk("PGD FIXMAP MISSING, it should be setup in head.S!\n");
122 pud = pud_offset(pgd, vaddr);
123 if (pud_none(*pud)) {
124 pmd = (pmd_t *) spp_getpage();
125 set_pud(pud, __pud(__pa(pmd) | _KERNPG_TABLE | _PAGE_USER));
126 if (pmd != pmd_offset(pud, 0)) {
127 printk("PAGETABLE BUG #01! %p <-> %p\n", pmd, pmd_offset(pud,0));
131 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, vaddr);
132 if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
133 pte = (pte_t *) spp_getpage();
134 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(pte) | _KERNPG_TABLE | _PAGE_USER));
135 if (pte != pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0)) {
136 printk("PAGETABLE BUG #02!\n");
140 new_pte = pfn_pte(phys >> PAGE_SHIFT, prot);
142 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, vaddr);
143 if (!pte_none(*pte) &&
144 pte_val(*pte) != (pte_val(new_pte) & __supported_pte_mask))
146 set_pte(pte, new_pte);
149 * It's enough to flush this one mapping.
150 * (PGE mappings get flushed as well)
152 __flush_tlb_one(vaddr);
155 /* NOTE: this is meant to be run only at boot */
157 __set_fixmap (enum fixed_addresses idx, unsigned long phys, pgprot_t prot)
159 unsigned long address = __fix_to_virt(idx);
161 if (idx >= __end_of_fixed_addresses) {
162 printk("Invalid __set_fixmap\n");
165 set_pte_phys(address, phys, prot);
168 unsigned long __initdata table_start, table_end;
170 extern pmd_t temp_boot_pmds[];
172 static struct temp_map {
176 } temp_mappings[] __initdata = {
177 { &temp_boot_pmds[0], (void *)(40UL * 1024 * 1024) },
178 { &temp_boot_pmds[1], (void *)(42UL * 1024 * 1024) },
182 static __meminit void *alloc_low_page(int *index, unsigned long *phys)
186 unsigned long pfn = table_end++, paddr;
190 adr = (void *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_ATOMIC);
196 panic("alloc_low_page: ran out of memory");
197 for (i = 0; temp_mappings[i].allocated; i++) {
198 if (!temp_mappings[i].pmd)
199 panic("alloc_low_page: ran out of temp mappings");
201 ti = &temp_mappings[i];
202 paddr = (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) & PMD_MASK;
203 set_pmd(ti->pmd, __pmd(paddr | _KERNPG_TABLE | _PAGE_PSE));
206 adr = ti->address + ((pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) & ~PMD_MASK);
207 memset(adr, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
209 *phys = pfn * PAGE_SIZE;
213 static __meminit void unmap_low_page(int i)
220 ti = &temp_mappings[i];
221 set_pmd(ti->pmd, __pmd(0));
225 /* Must run before zap_low_mappings */
226 __init void *early_ioremap(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)
228 unsigned long map = round_down(addr, LARGE_PAGE_SIZE);
230 /* actually usually some more */
231 if (size >= LARGE_PAGE_SIZE) {
234 set_pmd(temp_mappings[0].pmd, __pmd(map | _KERNPG_TABLE | _PAGE_PSE));
235 map += LARGE_PAGE_SIZE;
236 set_pmd(temp_mappings[1].pmd, __pmd(map | _KERNPG_TABLE | _PAGE_PSE));
238 return temp_mappings[0].address + (addr & (LARGE_PAGE_SIZE-1));
241 /* To avoid virtual aliases later */
242 __init void early_iounmap(void *addr, unsigned long size)
244 if ((void *)round_down((unsigned long)addr, LARGE_PAGE_SIZE) != temp_mappings[0].address)
245 printk("early_iounmap: bad address %p\n", addr);
246 set_pmd(temp_mappings[0].pmd, __pmd(0));
247 set_pmd(temp_mappings[1].pmd, __pmd(0));
251 static void __meminit
252 phys_pmd_init(pmd_t *pmd_page, unsigned long address, unsigned long end)
254 int i = pmd_index(address);
256 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, address += PMD_SIZE) {
258 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_page + pmd_index(address);
260 if (address >= end) {
262 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++)
263 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
270 entry = _PAGE_NX|_PAGE_PSE|_KERNPG_TABLE|_PAGE_GLOBAL|address;
271 entry &= __supported_pte_mask;
272 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(entry));
276 static void __meminit
277 phys_pmd_update(pud_t *pud, unsigned long address, unsigned long end)
279 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud,0);
280 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
281 phys_pmd_init(pmd, address, end);
282 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
286 static void __meminit phys_pud_init(pud_t *pud_page, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
288 int i = pud_index(addr);
291 for (; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, addr = (addr & PUD_MASK) + PUD_SIZE ) {
293 unsigned long pmd_phys;
294 pud_t *pud = pud_page + pud_index(addr);
300 if (!after_bootmem && !e820_any_mapped(addr,addr+PUD_SIZE,0)) {
301 set_pud(pud, __pud(0));
306 phys_pmd_update(pud, addr, end);
310 pmd = alloc_low_page(&map, &pmd_phys);
311 spin_lock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
312 set_pud(pud, __pud(pmd_phys | _KERNPG_TABLE));
313 phys_pmd_init(pmd, addr, end);
314 spin_unlock(&init_mm.page_table_lock);
320 static void __init find_early_table_space(unsigned long end)
322 unsigned long puds, pmds, tables, start;
324 puds = (end + PUD_SIZE - 1) >> PUD_SHIFT;
325 pmds = (end + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
326 tables = round_up(puds * sizeof(pud_t), PAGE_SIZE) +
327 round_up(pmds * sizeof(pmd_t), PAGE_SIZE);
329 /* RED-PEN putting page tables only on node 0 could
330 cause a hotspot and fill up ZONE_DMA. The page tables
331 need roughly 0.5KB per GB. */
333 table_start = find_e820_area(start, end, tables);
334 if (table_start == -1UL)
335 panic("Cannot find space for the kernel page tables");
337 table_start >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
338 table_end = table_start;
340 early_printk("kernel direct mapping tables up to %lx @ %lx-%lx\n",
341 end, table_start << PAGE_SHIFT,
342 (table_start << PAGE_SHIFT) + tables);
345 /* Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
346 This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from the
347 physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped. */
348 void __meminit init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
352 Dprintk("init_memory_mapping\n");
355 * Find space for the kernel direct mapping tables.
356 * Later we should allocate these tables in the local node of the memory
357 * mapped. Unfortunately this is done currently before the nodes are
361 find_early_table_space(end);
363 start = (unsigned long)__va(start);
364 end = (unsigned long)__va(end);
366 for (; start < end; start = next) {
368 unsigned long pud_phys;
369 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(start);
373 pud = pud_offset(pgd, start & PGDIR_MASK);
375 pud = alloc_low_page(&map, &pud_phys);
377 next = start + PGDIR_SIZE;
380 phys_pud_init(pud, __pa(start), __pa(next));
382 set_pgd(pgd_offset_k(start), mk_kernel_pgd(pud_phys));
387 asm volatile("movq %%cr4,%0" : "=r" (mmu_cr4_features));
391 void __cpuinit zap_low_mappings(int cpu)
394 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(0UL);
398 * For AP's, zap the low identity mappings by changing the cr3
399 * to init_level4_pgt and doing local flush tlb all
401 asm volatile("movq %0,%%cr3" :: "r" (__pa_symbol(&init_level4_pgt)));
407 void __init paging_init(void)
409 unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {MAX_DMA_PFN,
412 memory_present(0, 0, end_pfn);
414 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
418 /* Unmap a kernel mapping if it exists. This is useful to avoid prefetches
419 from the CPU leading to inconsistent cache lines. address and size
420 must be aligned to 2MB boundaries.
421 Does nothing when the mapping doesn't exist. */
422 void __init clear_kernel_mapping(unsigned long address, unsigned long size)
424 unsigned long end = address + size;
426 BUG_ON(address & ~LARGE_PAGE_MASK);
427 BUG_ON(size & ~LARGE_PAGE_MASK);
429 for (; address < end; address += LARGE_PAGE_SIZE) {
430 pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(address);
435 pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
438 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
439 if (!pmd || pmd_none(*pmd))
441 if (0 == (pmd_val(*pmd) & _PAGE_PSE)) {
442 /* Could handle this, but it should not happen currently. */
444 "clear_kernel_mapping: mapping has been split. will leak memory\n");
447 set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(0));
453 * Memory hotplug specific functions
455 void online_page(struct page *page)
457 ClearPageReserved(page);
458 init_page_count(page);
464 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
466 * Memory is added always to NORMAL zone. This means you will never get
467 * additional DMA/DMA32 memory.
469 int arch_add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
471 struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
472 struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + ZONE_NORMAL;
473 unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
474 unsigned long nr_pages = size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
477 init_memory_mapping(start, (start + size -1));
479 ret = __add_pages(zone, start_pfn, nr_pages);
485 printk("%s: Problem encountered in __add_pages!\n", __func__);
488 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arch_add_memory);
490 int remove_memory(u64 start, u64 size)
494 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remove_memory);
496 #ifndef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
497 int memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(u64 start)
501 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(memory_add_physaddr_to_nid);
504 #ifndef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
505 int memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(u64 start)
511 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
513 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
515 * Memory Hotadd without sparsemem. The mem_maps have been allocated in advance,
516 * just online the pages.
518 int __add_pages(struct zone *z, unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
522 unsigned long total = 0, mem = 0;
523 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < start_pfn + nr_pages; pfn++) {
524 if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
525 online_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
532 z->spanned_pages += total;
533 z->present_pages += mem;
534 z->zone_pgdat->node_spanned_pages += total;
535 z->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages += mem;
541 static struct kcore_list kcore_mem, kcore_vmalloc, kcore_kernel, kcore_modules,
544 void __init mem_init(void)
546 long codesize, reservedpages, datasize, initsize;
550 /* clear the zero-page */
551 memset(empty_zero_page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
555 /* this will put all low memory onto the freelists */
557 totalram_pages = numa_free_all_bootmem();
559 totalram_pages = free_all_bootmem();
561 reservedpages = end_pfn - totalram_pages -
562 absent_pages_in_range(0, end_pfn);
566 codesize = (unsigned long) &_etext - (unsigned long) &_text;
567 datasize = (unsigned long) &_edata - (unsigned long) &_etext;
568 initsize = (unsigned long) &__init_end - (unsigned long) &__init_begin;
570 /* Register memory areas for /proc/kcore */
571 kclist_add(&kcore_mem, __va(0), max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
572 kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START,
573 VMALLOC_END-VMALLOC_START);
574 kclist_add(&kcore_kernel, &_stext, _end - _stext);
575 kclist_add(&kcore_modules, (void *)MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_LEN);
576 kclist_add(&kcore_vsyscall, (void *)VSYSCALL_START,
577 VSYSCALL_END - VSYSCALL_START);
579 printk("Memory: %luk/%luk available (%ldk kernel code, %ldk reserved, %ldk data, %ldk init)\n",
580 (unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
581 end_pfn << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
583 reservedpages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
589 * Sync boot_level4_pgt mappings with the init_level4_pgt
590 * except for the low identity mappings which are already zapped
591 * in init_level4_pgt. This sync-up is essential for AP's bringup
593 memcpy(boot_level4_pgt+1, init_level4_pgt+1, (PTRS_PER_PGD-1)*sizeof(pgd_t));
597 void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
604 printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %ldk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
605 for (addr = begin; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
606 ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
607 init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
608 memset((void *)(addr & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1)),
609 POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
615 void free_initmem(void)
617 memset(__initdata_begin, POISON_FREE_INITDATA,
618 __initdata_end - __initdata_begin);
619 free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
620 (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
621 (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
624 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
626 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
628 unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)__start_rodata;
630 for (; addr < (unsigned long)__end_rodata; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
631 change_page_attr_addr(addr, 1, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
633 printk ("Write protecting the kernel read-only data: %luk\n",
634 (__end_rodata - __start_rodata) >> 10);
637 * change_page_attr_addr() requires a global_flush_tlb() call after it.
638 * We do this after the printk so that if something went wrong in the
639 * change, the printk gets out at least to give a better debug hint
640 * of who is the culprit.
646 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
647 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
649 free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);
653 void __init reserve_bootmem_generic(unsigned long phys, unsigned len)
655 /* Should check here against the e820 map to avoid double free */
657 int nid = phys_to_nid(phys);
658 reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(nid), phys, len);
660 reserve_bootmem(phys, len);
662 if (phys+len <= MAX_DMA_PFN*PAGE_SIZE) {
663 dma_reserve += len / PAGE_SIZE;
664 set_dma_reserve(dma_reserve);
668 int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr)
670 unsigned long above = ((long)addr) >> __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT;
676 if (above != 0 && above != -1UL)
679 pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
683 pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
687 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
691 return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd));
693 pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
696 return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte));
700 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
702 extern int exception_trace, page_fault_trace;
704 static ctl_table debug_table2[] = {
705 { 99, "exception-trace", &exception_trace, sizeof(int), 0644, NULL,
710 static ctl_table debug_root_table2[] = {
711 { .ctl_name = CTL_DEBUG, .procname = "debug", .mode = 0555,
712 .child = debug_table2 },
716 static __init int x8664_sysctl_init(void)
718 register_sysctl_table(debug_root_table2, 1);
721 __initcall(x8664_sysctl_init);
724 /* A pseudo VMAs to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page. This only
725 covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
726 not need special handling anymore. */
728 static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma = {
729 .vm_start = VSYSCALL_START,
730 .vm_end = VSYSCALL_END,
731 .vm_page_prot = PAGE_READONLY
734 struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct task_struct *tsk)
736 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
737 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_IA32))
743 int in_gate_area(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long addr)
745 struct vm_area_struct *vma = get_gate_vma(task);
748 return (addr >= vma->vm_start) && (addr < vma->vm_end);
751 /* Use this when you have no reliable task/vma, typically from interrupt
752 * context. It is less reliable than using the task's vma and may give
755 int in_gate_area_no_task(unsigned long addr)
757 return (addr >= VSYSCALL_START) && (addr < VSYSCALL_END);