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[linux-2.6] / arch / x86 / mm / pat.c
1 /*
2  * Handle caching attributes in page tables (PAT)
3  *
4  * Authors: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
5  *          Suresh B Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
6  *
7  * Loosely based on earlier PAT patchset from Eric Biederman and Andi Kleen.
8  */
9
10 #include <linux/mm.h>
11 #include <linux/kernel.h>
12 #include <linux/gfp.h>
13 #include <linux/fs.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15
16 #include <asm/msr.h>
17 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
18 #include <asm/processor.h>
19 #include <asm/page.h>
20 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
21 #include <asm/pat.h>
22 #include <asm/e820.h>
23 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
24 #include <asm/fcntl.h>
25 #include <asm/mtrr.h>
26 #include <asm/io.h>
27
28 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAT
29 int __read_mostly pat_enabled = 1;
30
31 void __cpuinit pat_disable(char *reason)
32 {
33         pat_enabled = 0;
34         printk(KERN_INFO "%s\n", reason);
35 }
36
37 static int __init nopat(char *str)
38 {
39         pat_disable("PAT support disabled.");
40         return 0;
41 }
42 early_param("nopat", nopat);
43 #endif
44
45
46 static int debug_enable;
47 static int __init pat_debug_setup(char *str)
48 {
49         debug_enable = 1;
50         return 0;
51 }
52 __setup("debugpat", pat_debug_setup);
53
54 #define dprintk(fmt, arg...) \
55         do { if (debug_enable) printk(KERN_INFO fmt, ##arg); } while (0)
56
57
58 static u64 __read_mostly boot_pat_state;
59
60 enum {
61         PAT_UC = 0,             /* uncached */
62         PAT_WC = 1,             /* Write combining */
63         PAT_WT = 4,             /* Write Through */
64         PAT_WP = 5,             /* Write Protected */
65         PAT_WB = 6,             /* Write Back (default) */
66         PAT_UC_MINUS = 7,       /* UC, but can be overriden by MTRR */
67 };
68
69 #define PAT(x, y)       ((u64)PAT_ ## y << ((x)*8))
70
71 void pat_init(void)
72 {
73         u64 pat;
74
75         if (!pat_enabled)
76                 return;
77
78         /* Paranoia check. */
79         if (!cpu_has_pat && boot_pat_state) {
80                 /*
81                  * If this happens we are on a secondary CPU, but
82                  * switched to PAT on the boot CPU. We have no way to
83                  * undo PAT.
84                  */
85                 printk(KERN_ERR "PAT enabled, "
86                        "but not supported by secondary CPU\n");
87                 BUG();
88         }
89
90         /* Set PWT to Write-Combining. All other bits stay the same */
91         /*
92          * PTE encoding used in Linux:
93          *      PAT
94          *      |PCD
95          *      ||PWT
96          *      |||
97          *      000 WB          _PAGE_CACHE_WB
98          *      001 WC          _PAGE_CACHE_WC
99          *      010 UC-         _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS
100          *      011 UC          _PAGE_CACHE_UC
101          * PAT bit unused
102          */
103         pat = PAT(0, WB) | PAT(1, WC) | PAT(2, UC_MINUS) | PAT(3, UC) |
104               PAT(4, WB) | PAT(5, WC) | PAT(6, UC_MINUS) | PAT(7, UC);
105
106         /* Boot CPU check */
107         if (!boot_pat_state)
108                 rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, boot_pat_state);
109
110         wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, pat);
111         printk(KERN_INFO "x86 PAT enabled: cpu %d, old 0x%Lx, new 0x%Lx\n",
112                smp_processor_id(), boot_pat_state, pat);
113 }
114
115 #undef PAT
116
117 static char *cattr_name(unsigned long flags)
118 {
119         switch (flags & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK) {
120         case _PAGE_CACHE_UC:            return "uncached";
121         case _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS:      return "uncached-minus";
122         case _PAGE_CACHE_WB:            return "write-back";
123         case _PAGE_CACHE_WC:            return "write-combining";
124         default:                        return "broken";
125         }
126 }
127
128 /*
129  * The global memtype list keeps track of memory type for specific
130  * physical memory areas. Conflicting memory types in different
131  * mappings can cause CPU cache corruption. To avoid this we keep track.
132  *
133  * The list is sorted based on starting address and can contain multiple
134  * entries for each address (this allows reference counting for overlapping
135  * areas). All the aliases have the same cache attributes of course.
136  * Zero attributes are represented as holes.
137  *
138  * Currently the data structure is a list because the number of mappings
139  * are expected to be relatively small. If this should be a problem
140  * it could be changed to a rbtree or similar.
141  *
142  * memtype_lock protects the whole list.
143  */
144
145 struct memtype {
146         u64 start;
147         u64 end;
148         unsigned long type;
149         struct list_head nd;
150 };
151
152 static LIST_HEAD(memtype_list);
153 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(memtype_lock);   /* protects memtype list */
154
155 /*
156  * Does intersection of PAT memory type and MTRR memory type and returns
157  * the resulting memory type as PAT understands it.
158  * (Type in pat and mtrr will not have same value)
159  * The intersection is based on "Effective Memory Type" tables in IA-32
160  * SDM vol 3a
161  */
162 static unsigned long pat_x_mtrr_type(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type)
163 {
164         /*
165          * Look for MTRR hint to get the effective type in case where PAT
166          * request is for WB.
167          */
168         if (req_type == _PAGE_CACHE_WB) {
169                 u8 mtrr_type;
170
171                 mtrr_type = mtrr_type_lookup(start, end);
172                 if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_UNCACHABLE)
173                         return _PAGE_CACHE_UC;
174                 if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_WRCOMB)
175                         return _PAGE_CACHE_WC;
176         }
177
178         return req_type;
179 }
180
181 /*
182  * req_type typically has one of the:
183  * - _PAGE_CACHE_WB
184  * - _PAGE_CACHE_WC
185  * - _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS
186  * - _PAGE_CACHE_UC
187  *
188  * req_type will have a special case value '-1', when requester want to inherit
189  * the memory type from mtrr (if WB), existing PAT, defaulting to UC_MINUS.
190  *
191  * If new_type is NULL, function will return an error if it cannot reserve the
192  * region with req_type. If new_type is non-NULL, function will return
193  * available type in new_type in case of no error. In case of any error
194  * it will return a negative return value.
195  */
196 int reserve_memtype(u64 start, u64 end, unsigned long req_type,
197                         unsigned long *new_type)
198 {
199         struct memtype *new, *entry;
200         unsigned long actual_type;
201         int err = 0;
202
203         BUG_ON(start >= end); /* end is exclusive */
204
205         if (!pat_enabled) {
206                 /* This is identical to page table setting without PAT */
207                 if (new_type) {
208                         if (req_type == -1)
209                                 *new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
210                         else
211                                 *new_type = req_type & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK;
212                 }
213                 return 0;
214         }
215
216         /* Low ISA region is always mapped WB in page table. No need to track */
217         if (is_ISA_range(start, end - 1)) {
218                 if (new_type)
219                         *new_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
220                 return 0;
221         }
222
223         if (req_type == -1) {
224                 /*
225                  * Call mtrr_lookup to get the type hint. This is an
226                  * optimization for /dev/mem mmap'ers into WB memory (BIOS
227                  * tools and ACPI tools). Use WB request for WB memory and use
228                  * UC_MINUS otherwise.
229                  */
230                 u8 mtrr_type = mtrr_type_lookup(start, end);
231
232                 if (mtrr_type == MTRR_TYPE_WRBACK)
233                         actual_type = _PAGE_CACHE_WB;
234                 else
235                         actual_type = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS;
236         } else
237                 actual_type = pat_x_mtrr_type(start, end,
238                                               req_type & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK);
239
240         new  = kmalloc(sizeof(struct memtype), GFP_KERNEL);
241         if (!new)
242                 return -ENOMEM;
243
244         new->start = start;
245         new->end = end;
246         new->type = actual_type;
247
248         if (new_type)
249                 *new_type = actual_type;
250
251         spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
252
253         /* Search for existing mapping that overlaps the current range */
254         list_for_each_entry(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
255                 struct memtype *saved_ptr;
256
257                 if (entry->start >= end) {
258                         dprintk("New Entry\n");
259                         list_add(&new->nd, entry->nd.prev);
260                         new = NULL;
261                         break;
262                 }
263
264                 if (start <= entry->start && end >= entry->start) {
265                         if (actual_type != entry->type && new_type) {
266                                 actual_type = entry->type;
267                                 *new_type = actual_type;
268                                 new->type = actual_type;
269                         }
270
271                         if (actual_type != entry->type) {
272                                 printk(
273                 KERN_INFO "%s:%d conflicting memory types %Lx-%Lx %s<->%s\n",
274                                         current->comm, current->pid,
275                                         start, end,
276                                         cattr_name(actual_type),
277                                         cattr_name(entry->type));
278                                 err = -EBUSY;
279                                 break;
280                         }
281
282                         saved_ptr = entry;
283                         /*
284                          * Check to see whether the request overlaps more
285                          * than one entry in the list
286                          */
287                         list_for_each_entry_continue(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
288                                 if (end <= entry->start) {
289                                         break;
290                                 }
291
292                                 if (actual_type != entry->type) {
293                                         printk(
294                 KERN_INFO "%s:%d conflicting memory types %Lx-%Lx %s<->%s\n",
295                                                 current->comm, current->pid,
296                                                 start, end,
297                                                 cattr_name(actual_type),
298                                                 cattr_name(entry->type));
299                                         err = -EBUSY;
300                                         break;
301                                 }
302                         }
303
304                         if (err) {
305                                 break;
306                         }
307
308                         dprintk("Overlap at 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n",
309                                saved_ptr->start, saved_ptr->end);
310                         /* No conflict. Go ahead and add this new entry */
311                         list_add(&new->nd, saved_ptr->nd.prev);
312                         new = NULL;
313                         break;
314                 }
315
316                 if (start < entry->end) {
317                         if (actual_type != entry->type && new_type) {
318                                 actual_type = entry->type;
319                                 *new_type = actual_type;
320                                 new->type = actual_type;
321                         }
322
323                         if (actual_type != entry->type) {
324                                 printk(
325                 KERN_INFO "%s:%d conflicting memory types %Lx-%Lx %s<->%s\n",
326                                         current->comm, current->pid,
327                                         start, end,
328                                         cattr_name(actual_type),
329                                         cattr_name(entry->type));
330                                 err = -EBUSY;
331                                 break;
332                         }
333
334                         saved_ptr = entry;
335                         /*
336                          * Check to see whether the request overlaps more
337                          * than one entry in the list
338                          */
339                         list_for_each_entry_continue(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
340                                 if (end <= entry->start) {
341                                         break;
342                                 }
343
344                                 if (actual_type != entry->type) {
345                                         printk(
346                 KERN_INFO "%s:%d conflicting memory types %Lx-%Lx %s<->%s\n",
347                                                 current->comm, current->pid,
348                                                 start, end,
349                                                 cattr_name(actual_type),
350                                                 cattr_name(entry->type));
351                                         err = -EBUSY;
352                                         break;
353                                 }
354                         }
355
356                         if (err) {
357                                 break;
358                         }
359
360                         dprintk("Overlap at 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n",
361                                  saved_ptr->start, saved_ptr->end);
362                         /* No conflict. Go ahead and add this new entry */
363                         list_add(&new->nd, &saved_ptr->nd);
364                         new = NULL;
365                         break;
366                 }
367         }
368
369         if (err) {
370                 printk(KERN_INFO
371         "reserve_memtype failed 0x%Lx-0x%Lx, track %s, req %s\n",
372                         start, end, cattr_name(new->type),
373                         cattr_name(req_type));
374                 kfree(new);
375                 spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
376                 return err;
377         }
378
379         if (new) {
380                 /* No conflict. Not yet added to the list. Add to the tail */
381                 list_add_tail(&new->nd, &memtype_list);
382                 dprintk("New Entry\n");
383         }
384
385         if (new_type) {
386                 dprintk(
387         "reserve_memtype added 0x%Lx-0x%Lx, track %s, req %s, ret %s\n",
388                         start, end, cattr_name(actual_type),
389                         cattr_name(req_type), cattr_name(*new_type));
390         } else {
391                 dprintk(
392         "reserve_memtype added 0x%Lx-0x%Lx, track %s, req %s\n",
393                         start, end, cattr_name(actual_type),
394                         cattr_name(req_type));
395         }
396
397         spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
398         return err;
399 }
400
401 int free_memtype(u64 start, u64 end)
402 {
403         struct memtype *entry;
404         int err = -EINVAL;
405
406         if (!pat_enabled)
407                 return 0;
408
409         /* Low ISA region is always mapped WB. No need to track */
410         if (is_ISA_range(start, end - 1))
411                 return 0;
412
413         spin_lock(&memtype_lock);
414         list_for_each_entry(entry, &memtype_list, nd) {
415                 if (entry->start == start && entry->end == end) {
416                         list_del(&entry->nd);
417                         kfree(entry);
418                         err = 0;
419                         break;
420                 }
421         }
422         spin_unlock(&memtype_lock);
423
424         if (err) {
425                 printk(KERN_INFO "%s:%d freeing invalid memtype %Lx-%Lx\n",
426                         current->comm, current->pid, start, end);
427         }
428
429         dprintk("free_memtype request 0x%Lx-0x%Lx\n", start, end);
430         return err;
431 }
432
433
434 /*
435  * /dev/mem mmap interface. The memtype used for mapping varies:
436  * - Use UC for mappings with O_SYNC flag
437  * - Without O_SYNC flag, if there is any conflict in reserve_memtype,
438  *   inherit the memtype from existing mapping.
439  * - Else use UC_MINUS memtype (for backward compatibility with existing
440  *   X drivers.
441  */
442 pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
443                                 unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
444 {
445         return vma_prot;
446 }
447
448 #ifdef CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM
449 /* This check is done in drivers/char/mem.c in case of NONPROMISC_DEVMEM*/
450 static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
451 {
452         return 1;
453 }
454 #else
455 static inline int range_is_allowed(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size)
456 {
457         u64 from = ((u64)pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
458         u64 to = from + size;
459         u64 cursor = from;
460
461         while (cursor < to) {
462                 if (!devmem_is_allowed(pfn)) {
463                         printk(KERN_INFO
464                 "Program %s tried to access /dev/mem between %Lx->%Lx.\n",
465                                 current->comm, from, to);
466                         return 0;
467                 }
468                 cursor += PAGE_SIZE;
469                 pfn++;
470         }
471         return 1;
472 }
473 #endif /* CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM */
474
475 int phys_mem_access_prot_allowed(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
476                                 unsigned long size, pgprot_t *vma_prot)
477 {
478         u64 offset = ((u64) pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT;
479         unsigned long flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS;
480         int retval;
481
482         if (!range_is_allowed(pfn, size))
483                 return 0;
484
485         if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC) {
486                 flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC;
487         }
488
489 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
490         /*
491          * On the PPro and successors, the MTRRs are used to set
492          * memory types for physical addresses outside main memory,
493          * so blindly setting UC or PWT on those pages is wrong.
494          * For Pentiums and earlier, the surround logic should disable
495          * caching for the high addresses through the KEN pin, but
496          * we maintain the tradition of paranoia in this code.
497          */
498         if (!pat_enabled &&
499             !(boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_MTRR) ||
500               boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_K6_MTRR) ||
501               boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CYRIX_ARR) ||
502               boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CENTAUR_MCR)) &&
503             (pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) >= __pa(high_memory)) {
504                 flags = _PAGE_CACHE_UC;
505         }
506 #endif
507
508         /*
509          * With O_SYNC, we can only take UC mapping. Fail if we cannot.
510          * Without O_SYNC, we want to get
511          * - WB for WB-able memory and no other conflicting mappings
512          * - UC_MINUS for non-WB-able memory with no other conflicting mappings
513          * - Inherit from confliting mappings otherwise
514          */
515         if (flags != _PAGE_CACHE_UC_MINUS) {
516                 retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, flags, NULL);
517         } else {
518                 retval = reserve_memtype(offset, offset + size, -1, &flags);
519         }
520
521         if (retval < 0)
522                 return 0;
523
524         if (pfn <= max_pfn_mapped &&
525             ioremap_change_attr((unsigned long)__va(offset), size, flags) < 0) {
526                 free_memtype(offset, offset + size);
527                 printk(KERN_INFO
528                 "%s:%d /dev/mem ioremap_change_attr failed %s for %Lx-%Lx\n",
529                         current->comm, current->pid,
530                         cattr_name(flags),
531                         offset, (unsigned long long)(offset + size));
532                 return 0;
533         }
534
535         *vma_prot = __pgprot((pgprot_val(*vma_prot) & ~_PAGE_CACHE_MASK) |
536                              flags);
537         return 1;
538 }
539
540 void map_devmem(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
541 {
542         u64 addr = (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
543         unsigned long flags;
544         unsigned long want_flags = (pgprot_val(vma_prot) & _PAGE_CACHE_MASK);
545
546         reserve_memtype(addr, addr + size, want_flags, &flags);
547         if (flags != want_flags) {
548                 printk(KERN_INFO
549                 "%s:%d /dev/mem expected mapping type %s for %Lx-%Lx, got %s\n",
550                         current->comm, current->pid,
551                         cattr_name(want_flags),
552                         addr, (unsigned long long)(addr + size),
553                         cattr_name(flags));
554         }
555 }
556
557 void unmap_devmem(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
558 {
559         u64 addr = (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
560
561         free_memtype(addr, addr + size);
562 }