2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
31 #include <linux/initrd.h>
32 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
33 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
34 #include <linux/console.h>
35 #include <linux/mca.h>
36 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
37 #include <linux/highmem.h>
38 #include <linux/module.h>
39 #include <linux/efi.h>
40 #include <linux/init.h>
41 #include <linux/edd.h>
42 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
43 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
44 #include <linux/kexec.h>
45 #include <linux/dmi.h>
46 #include <linux/pfn.h>
47 #include <linux/pci.h>
48 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
49 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
50 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/errno.h>
53 #include <linux/kernel.h>
54 #include <linux/stddef.h>
55 #include <linux/unistd.h>
56 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/user.h>
59 #include <linux/delay.h>
60 #include <linux/highmem.h>
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/edd.h>
64 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
65 #include <linux/kexec.h>
66 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
67 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
68 #include <linux/ctype.h>
69 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
71 #include <linux/percpu.h>
72 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
74 #include <video/edid.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
81 #include <asm/arch_hooks.h>
83 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
88 #include <setup_arch.h>
89 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
90 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
91 #include <asm/processor.h>
94 #include <asm/system.h>
95 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
100 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
101 #include <asm/proto.h>
103 #include <mach_apic.h>
104 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
105 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
110 #include <asm/percpu.h>
111 #include <asm/sections.h>
112 #include <asm/topology.h>
113 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
115 #include <asm/numa_64.h>
118 #include <asm/highmem.h>
121 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_BOOT_PARAMS
122 struct boot_params __initdata boot_params;
124 struct boot_params boot_params;
127 /* This value is set up by the early boot code to point to the value
128 immediately after the boot time page tables. It contains a *physical*
129 address, and must not be in the .bss segment! */
130 unsigned long init_pg_tables_start __initdata = ~0UL;
131 unsigned long init_pg_tables_end __initdata = ~0UL;
136 static struct resource data_resource = {
137 .name = "Kernel data",
140 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
143 static struct resource code_resource = {
144 .name = "Kernel code",
147 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
150 static struct resource bss_resource = {
151 .name = "Kernel bss",
154 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
159 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
160 .name = "Video RAM area",
163 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
166 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
167 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data __cpuinitdata = {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
168 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
169 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
170 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
171 static void set_mca_bus(int x)
178 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
180 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
181 unsigned int machine_id;
182 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
183 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
185 struct apm_info apm_info;
186 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
188 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
189 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
190 struct ist_info ist_info;
191 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
193 struct ist_info ist_info;
197 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly;
198 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
202 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
203 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features;
205 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features = X86_CR4_PAE;
208 /* Boot loader ID as an integer, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
215 char dmi_alloc_data[DMI_MAX_DATA];
220 struct screen_info screen_info;
221 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
222 struct edid_info edid_info;
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
225 extern int root_mountflags;
227 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
229 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
230 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
231 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
233 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
235 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
237 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
241 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
242 * from boot_params into a safe place.
245 static inline void copy_edd(void)
247 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
248 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
249 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
250 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
251 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
254 static inline void copy_edd(void)
259 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
263 #define MAX_MAP_CHUNK (NR_FIX_BTMAPS << PAGE_SHIFT)
264 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
267 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
268 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
269 u64 end_of_lowmem = max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
271 unsigned long slop, clen, mapaddr;
274 /* We need to move the initrd down into lowmem */
275 ramdisk_here = find_e820_area(0, end_of_lowmem, ramdisk_size,
278 if (ramdisk_here == -1ULL)
279 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
282 /* Note: this includes all the lowmem currently occupied by
283 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
284 reserve_early(ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size,
286 initrd_start = ramdisk_here + PAGE_OFFSET;
287 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
288 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n",
289 ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size);
291 q = (char *)initrd_start;
293 /* Copy any lowmem portion of the initrd */
294 if (ramdisk_image < end_of_lowmem) {
295 clen = end_of_lowmem - ramdisk_image;
296 p = (char *)__va(ramdisk_image);
299 ramdisk_image += clen;
300 ramdisk_size -= clen;
303 /* Copy the highmem portion of the initrd */
304 while (ramdisk_size) {
305 slop = ramdisk_image & ~PAGE_MASK;
307 if (clen > MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop)
308 clen = MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop;
309 mapaddr = ramdisk_image & PAGE_MASK;
310 p = early_ioremap(mapaddr, clen+slop);
311 memcpy(q, p+slop, clen);
312 early_iounmap(p, clen+slop);
314 ramdisk_image += clen;
315 ramdisk_size -= clen;
317 /* high pages is not converted by early_res_to_bootmem */
318 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
319 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
320 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from %016llx - %016llx to"
321 " %08llx - %08llx\n",
322 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
323 ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size - 1);
327 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
329 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
330 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
331 u64 ramdisk_end = ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size;
332 u64 end_of_lowmem = max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
334 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
335 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
336 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
340 if (ramdisk_size >= (end_of_lowmem>>1)) {
341 free_early(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end);
342 printk(KERN_ERR "initrd too large to handle, "
343 "disabling initrd\n");
347 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n", ramdisk_image,
351 if (ramdisk_end <= end_of_lowmem) {
352 /* All in lowmem, easy case */
354 * don't need to reserve again, already reserved early
355 * in i386_start_kernel
357 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
358 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
365 printk(KERN_ERR "initrd extends beyond end of memory "
366 "(0x%08llx > 0x%08llx)\ndisabling initrd\n",
367 ramdisk_end, end_of_lowmem);
370 free_early(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end);
373 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
376 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
379 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
380 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
381 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
382 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
383 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
386 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
388 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
391 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
394 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
395 pre_setup_arch_hook();
397 early_ioremap_init();
398 reserve_setup_data();
400 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
403 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
404 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
405 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
407 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
408 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
409 if (boot_params.sys_desc_table.length != 0) {
410 set_mca_bus(boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[3] & 0x2);
411 machine_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[0];
412 machine_submodel_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[1];
413 BIOS_revision = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[2];
416 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
417 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
419 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
420 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
421 rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
422 rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
425 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
442 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
443 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
444 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
445 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
446 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
448 init_mm.brk = init_pg_tables_end + PAGE_OFFSET;
450 init_mm.brk = (unsigned long) &_end;
453 code_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_text);
454 code_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_etext)-1;
455 data_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_etext);
456 data_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_edata)-1;
457 bss_resource.start = virt_to_phys(&__bss_start);
458 bss_resource.end = virt_to_phys(&__bss_stop)-1;
463 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
464 *cmdline_p = command_line;
470 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
471 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
473 enable_local_apic = -1;
478 clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_APIC);
481 finish_e820_parsing();
486 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
487 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
488 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
492 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
493 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
494 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
495 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
501 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
502 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
504 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
505 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
506 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
509 early_gart_iommu_check();
512 e820_register_active_regions(0, 0, -1UL);
514 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
515 * we are rounding upwards:
517 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram();
519 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
520 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
521 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
523 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn)) {
524 remove_all_active_ranges();
525 e820_register_active_regions(0, 0, -1UL);
526 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram();
530 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
531 find_low_pfn_range();
533 num_physpages = max_pfn;
537 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
538 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
539 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
540 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
543 /* max_pfn_mapped is updated here */
544 max_pfn_mapped = init_memory_mapping(0, (max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
557 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
559 acpi_boot_table_init();
562 /* Remove active ranges so rediscovery with NUMA-awareness happens */
563 remove_all_active_ranges();
566 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
568 * Parse SRAT to discover nodes.
573 initmem_init(0, max_pfn);
576 dma32_reserve_bootmem();
579 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
581 * Reserve low memory region for sleep support.
583 acpi_reserve_bootmem();
585 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_FIND_SMP_CONFIG) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32) || \
586 defined(CONFIG_X86_MPPARSE) && defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
588 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
592 reserve_crashkernel();
594 reserve_ibft_region();
596 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK
600 #if defined(CONFIG_VMI) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
602 * Must be after max_low_pfn is determined, and before kernel
603 * pagetables are setup.
615 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
618 #if defined(CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
619 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
620 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
623 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH
624 generic_apic_probe();
630 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
638 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_MPPARSE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_VISWS)
640 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
642 if (smp_found_config)
647 init_apic_mappings();
648 ioapic_init_mappings();
650 # if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_PC)
652 printk(KERN_WARNING "More than 8 CPUs detected and "
653 "CONFIG_X86_PC cannot handle it.\nUse "
654 "CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH or CONFIG_X86_BIGSMP.\n");
659 e820_reserve_resources();
660 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
663 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
665 reserve_standard_io_resources();
670 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
671 if (!efi_enabled || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
672 conswitchp = &vga_con;
673 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
674 conswitchp = &dummy_con;