3 The name "usbmon" in lowercase refers to a facility in kernel which is
4 used to collect traces of I/O on the USB bus. This function is analogous
5 to a packet socket used by network monitoring tools such as tcpdump(1)
6 or Ethereal. Similarly, it is expected that a tool such as usbdump or
7 USBMon (with uppercase letters) is used to examine raw traces produced
10 The usbmon reports requests made by peripheral-specific drivers to Host
11 Controller Drivers (HCD). So, if HCD is buggy, the traces reported by
12 usbmon may not correspond to bus transactions precisely. This is the same
13 situation as with tcpdump.
15 * How to use usbmon to collect raw text traces
17 Unlike the packet socket, usbmon has an interface which provides traces
18 in a text format. This is used for two purposes. First, it serves as a
19 common trace exchange format for tools while most sophisticated formats
20 are finalized. Second, humans can read it in case tools are not available.
22 To collect a raw text trace, execute following steps.
26 Mount debugfs (it has to be enabled in your kernel configuration), and
27 load the usbmon module (if built as module). The second step is skipped
28 if usbmon is built into the kernel.
30 # mount -t debugfs none_debugs /sys/kernel/debug
33 Verify that bus sockets are present.
35 [root@lembas zaitcev]# ls /sys/kernel/debug/usbmon
36 1s 1t 2s 2t 3s 3t 4s 4t
37 [root@lembas zaitcev]#
41 2. Find which bus connects to the desired device
43 Run "cat /proc/bus/usb/devices", and find the T-line which corresponds to
44 the device. Usually you do it by looking for the vendor string. If you have
45 many similar devices, unplug one and compare two /proc/bus/usb/devices outputs.
46 The T-line will have a bus number. Example:
48 T: Bus=03 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#= 2 Spd=12 MxCh= 0
49 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 8 #Cfgs= 1
50 P: Vendor=0557 ProdID=2004 Rev= 1.00
52 S: Product=UC100KM V2.00
54 Bus=03 means it's bus 3.
58 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/usbmon/3t > /tmp/1.mon.out
60 This process will be reading until killed. Naturally, the output can be
61 redirected to a desirable location. This is preferred, because it is going
64 4. Perform the desired operation on the USB bus
66 This is where you do something that creates the traffic: plug in a flash key,
67 copy files, control a webcam, etc.
71 Usually it's done with a keyboard interrupt (Control-C).
73 At this point the output file (/tmp/1.mon.out in this example) can be saved,
74 sent by e-mail, or inspected with a text editor. In the last case make sure
75 that the file size is not excessive for your favourite editor.
77 * Raw text data format
79 The '0t' type data consists of a stream of events, such as URB submission,
80 URB callback, submission error. Every event is a text line, which consists
81 of whitespace separated words. The number of position of words may depend
82 on the event type, but there is a set of words, common for all types.
84 Here is the list of words, from left to right:
85 - URB Tag. This is used to identify URBs is normally a kernel mode address
86 of the URB structure in hexadecimal.
87 - Timestamp in microseconds, a decimal number. The timestamp's resolution
88 depends on available clock, and so it can be much worse than a microsecond
89 (if the implementation uses jiffies, for example).
90 - Event Type. This type refers to the format of the event, not URB type.
91 Available types are: S - submission, C - callback, E - submission error.
92 - "Pipe". The pipe concept is deprecated. This is a composite word, used to
93 be derived from information in pipes. It consists of three fields, separated
94 by colons: URB type and direction, Device address, Endpoint number.
95 Type and direction are encoded with two bytes in the following manner:
96 Ci Co Control input and output
97 Zi Zo Isochronous input and output
98 Ii Io Interrupt input and output
99 Bi Bo Bulk input and output
100 Device address and Endpoint number are decimal numbers with leading zeroes
101 or 3 and 2 positions, correspondingly.
102 - URB Status. This field makes no sense for submissions, but is present
103 to help scripts with parsing. In error case, it contains the error code.
104 In case of a setup packet, it contains a Setup Tag. If scripts read a number
105 in this field, they proceed to read Data Length. Otherwise, they read
106 the setup packet before reading the Data Length.
107 - Setup packet, if present, consists of 5 words: one of each for bmRequestType,
108 bRequest, wValue, wIndex, wLength, as specified by the USB Specification 2.0.
109 These words are safe to decode if Setup Tag was 's'. Otherwise, the setup
110 packet was present, but not captured, and the fields contain filler.
111 - Data Length. This is the actual length in the URB.
112 - Data tag. The usbmon may not always capture data, even if length is nonzero.
113 Only if tag is '=', the data words are present.
114 - Data words follow, in big endian hexadecimal format. Notice that they are
115 not machine words, but really just a byte stream split into words to make
116 it easier to read. Thus, the last word may contain from one to four bytes.
117 The length of collected data is limited and can be less than the data length
118 report in Data Length word.
120 Here is an example of code to read the data stream in a well known programming
124 int data_len; /* Available length of data */
127 void parseData(StringTokenizer st) {
128 int availwords = st.countTokens();
129 data = new byte[availwords * 4];
131 while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
132 String data_str = st.nextToken();
133 int len = data_str.length() / 2;
135 int b; // byte is signed, apparently?! XXX
136 for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
137 // data[data_len] = Byte.parseByte(
138 // data_str.substring(i*2, i*2 + 2),
140 b = Integer.parseInt(
141 data_str.substring(i*2, i*2 + 2),
145 data[data_len] = (byte) b;
152 This format may be changed in the future.
156 An input control transfer to get a port status.
158 d5ea89a0 3575914555 S Ci:001:00 s a3 00 0000 0003 0004 4 <
159 d5ea89a0 3575914560 C Ci:001:00 0 4 = 01050000
161 An output bulk transfer to send a SCSI command 0x5E in a 31-byte Bulk wrapper
162 to a storage device at address 5:
164 dd65f0e8 4128379752 S Bo:005:02 -115 31 = 55534243 5e000000 00000000 00000600 00000000 00000000 00000000 000000
165 dd65f0e8 4128379808 C Bo:005:02 0 31 >
167 * Raw binary format and API