1 IBM 3270 Display System support
3 This file describes the driver that supports local channel attachment
4 of IBM 3270 devices. It consists of three sections:
12 This paper describes installing and operating 3270 devices under
13 Linux/390. A 3270 device is a block-mode rows-and-columns terminal of
14 which I'm sure hundreds of millions were sold by IBM and clonemakers
15 twenty and thirty years ago.
17 You may have 3270s in-house and not know it. If you're using the
18 VM-ESA operating system, define a 3270 to your virtual machine by using
19 the command "DEF GRAF <hex-address>" This paper presumes you will be
20 defining four 3270s with the CP/CMS commands
27 Your network connection from VM-ESA allows you to use x3270, tn3270, or
28 another 3270 emulator, started from an xterm window on your PC or
29 workstation. With the DEF GRAF command, an application such as xterm,
30 and this Linux-390 3270 driver, you have another way of talking to your
33 This paper covers installation of the driver and operation of a
39 You install the driver by installing a patch, doing a kernel build, and
40 running the configuration script (config3270.sh, in this directory).
42 WARNING: If you are using 3270 console support, you must rerun the
43 configuration script every time you change the console's address (perhaps
44 by using the condev= parameter in silo's /boot/parmfile). More precisely,
45 you should rerun the configuration script every time your set of 3270s,
46 including the console 3270, changes subchannel identifier relative to
47 one another. ReIPL as soon as possible after running the configuration
48 script and the resulting /tmp/mkdev3270.
50 If you have chosen to make tub3270 a module, you add a line to
51 /etc/modprobe.conf. If you are working on a VM virtual machine, you
52 can use DEF GRAF to define virtual 3270 devices.
54 You may generate both 3270 and 3215 console support, or one or the
55 other, or neither. If you generate both, the console type under VM is
56 not changed. Use #CP Q TERM to see what the current console type is.
57 Use #CP TERM CONMODE 3270 to change it to 3270. If you generate only
58 3270 console support, then the driver automatically converts your console
59 at boot time to a 3270 if it is a 3215.
61 In brief, these are the steps:
62 1. Install the tub3270 patch
63 2. (If a module) add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf
64 3. (If VM) define devices with DEF GRAF
68 To test that everything works, assuming VM and x3270,
69 1. Bring up an x3270 window.
70 2. Use the DIAL command in that window.
71 3. You should immediately see a Linux login screen.
73 Here are the installation steps in detail:
75 1. The 3270 driver is a part of the official Linux kernel
76 source. Build a tree with the kernel source and any necessary
79 (If you wish to disable 3215 console support, edit
80 .config; change CONFIG_TN3215's value to "n";
81 and rerun "make oldconfig".)
86 2. (Perform this step only if you have configured tub3270 as a
87 module.) Add a line to /etc/modprobe.conf to automatically
88 load the driver when it's needed. With this line added,
89 you will see login prompts appear on your 3270s as soon as
90 boot is complete (or with emulated 3270s, as soon as you dial
91 into your vm guest using the command "DIAL <vmguestname>").
92 Since the line-mode major number is 227, the line to add to
93 /etc/modprobe.conf should be:
94 alias char-major-227 tub3270
96 3. Define graphic devices to your vm guest machine, if you
97 haven't already. Define them before you reboot (reipl):
103 4. Reboot. The reboot process scans hardware devices, including
104 3270s, and this enables the tub3270 driver once loaded to respond
105 correctly to the configuration requests of the next step. If
106 you have chosen 3270 console support, your console now behaves
107 as a 3270, not a 3215.
109 5. Run the 3270 configuration script config3270. It is
110 distributed in this same directory, Documentation/s390, as
111 config3270.sh. Inspect the output script it produces,
112 /tmp/mkdev3270, and then run that script. This will create the
113 necessary character special device files and make the necessary
114 changes to /etc/inittab. If you have selected DEVFS, the driver
115 itself creates the device files, and /tmp/mkdev3270 only changes
118 Then notify /sbin/init that /etc/inittab has changed, by issuing
119 the telinit command with the q operand:
120 cd Documentation/s390
125 This should be sufficient for your first time. If your 3270
126 configuration has changed and you're reusing config3270, you
127 should follow these steps:
128 Change 3270 configuration
130 Run config3270 and /tmp/mkdev3270
133 Here are the testing steps in detail:
135 1. Bring up an x3270 window, or use an actual hardware 3278 or
136 3279, or use the 3270 emulator of your choice. You would be
137 running the emulator on your PC or workstation. You would use
138 the command, for example,
139 x3270 vm-esa-domain-name &
140 if you wanted a 3278 Model 4 with 43 rows of 80 columns, the
141 default model number. The driver does not take advantage of
144 The screen you should now see contains a VM logo with input
145 lines near the bottom. Use TAB to move to the bottom line,
146 probably labeled "COMMAND ===>".
148 2. Use the DIAL command instead of the LOGIN command to connect
149 to one of the virtual 3270s you defined with the DEF GRAF
151 dial my-vm-guest-name
153 3. You should immediately see a login prompt from your
154 Linux-390 operating system. If that does not happen, you would
155 see instead the line "DIALED TO my-vm-guest-name 0620".
157 To troubleshoot: do these things.
159 A. Is the driver loaded? Use the lsmod command (no operands)
160 to find out. Probably it isn't. Try loading it manually, with
161 the command "insmod tub3270". Does that command give error
162 messages? Ha! There's your problem.
164 B. Is the /etc/inittab file modified as in installation step 3
165 above? Use the grep command to find out; for instance, issue
166 "grep 3270 /etc/inittab". Nothing found? There's your
169 C. Are the device special files created, as in installation
170 step 2 above? Use the ls -l command to find out; for instance,
171 issue "ls -l /dev/3270/tty620". The output should start with the
172 letter "c" meaning character device and should contain "227, 1"
173 just to the left of the device name. No such file? no "c"?
174 Wrong major number? Wrong minor number? There's your
177 D. Do you get the message
178 "HCPDIA047E my-vm-guest-name 0620 does not exist"?
179 If so, you must issue the command "DEF GRAF 620" from your VM
180 3215 console and then reboot the system.
186 The driver defines three areas on the 3270 screen: the log area, the
187 input area, and the status area.
189 The log area takes up all but the bottom two lines of the screen. The
190 driver writes terminal output to it, starting at the top line and going
191 down. When it fills, the status area changes from "Linux Running" to
192 "Linux More...". After a scrolling timeout of (default) 5 sec, the
193 screen clears and more output is written, from the top down.
195 The input area extends from the beginning of the second-to-last screen
196 line to the start of the status area. You type commands in this area
197 and hit ENTER to execute them.
199 The status area initializes to "Linux Running" to give you a warm
200 fuzzy feeling. When the log area fills up and output awaits, it
201 changes to "Linux More...". At this time you can do several things or
202 nothing. If you do nothing, the screen will clear in (default) 5 sec
203 and more output will appear. You may hit ENTER with nothing typed in
204 the input area to toggle between "Linux More..." and "Linux Holding",
205 which indicates no scrolling will occur. (If you hit ENTER with "Linux
206 Running" and nothing typed, the application receives a newline.)
208 You may change the scrolling timeout value. For example, the following
210 echo scrolltime=60 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
211 changes the scrolling timeout value to 60 sec. Set scrolltime to 0 if
212 you wish to prevent scrolling entirely.
214 Other things you may do when the log area fills up are: hit PA2 to
215 clear the log area and write more output to it, or hit CLEAR to clear
216 the log area and the input area and write more output to the log area.
218 Some of the Program Function (PF) and Program Attention (PA) keys are
219 preassigned special functions. The ones that are not yield an alarm
222 PA1 causes a SIGINT to the currently running application. You may do
223 the same thing from the input area, by typing "^C" and hitting ENTER.
225 PA2 causes the log area to be cleared. If output awaits, it is then
226 written to the log area.
228 PF3 causes an EOF to be received as input by the application. You may
229 cause an EOF also by typing "^D" and hitting ENTER.
231 No PF key is preassigned to cause a job suspension, but you may cause a
232 job suspension by typing "^Z" and hitting ENTER. You may wish to
233 assign this function to a PF key. To make PF7 cause job suspension,
235 echo pf7=^z > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
237 If the input you type does not end with the two characters "^n", the
238 driver appends a newline character and sends it to the tty driver;
239 otherwise the driver strips the "^n" and does not append a newline.
240 The IBM 3215 driver behaves similarly.
242 Pf10 causes the most recent command to be retrieved from the tube's
243 command stack (default depth 20) and displayed in the input area. You
244 may hit PF10 again for the next-most-recent command, and so on. A
245 command is entered into the stack only when the input area is not made
246 invisible (such as for password entry) and it is not identical to the
247 current top entry. PF10 rotates backward through the command stack;
248 PF11 rotates forward. You may assign the backward function to any PF
249 key (or PA key, for that matter), say, PA3, with the command:
250 echo -e pa3=\\033k > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
251 This assigns the string ESC-k to PA3. Similarly, the string ESC-j
252 performs the forward function. (Rationale: In bash with vi-mode line
253 editing, ESC-k and ESC-j retrieve backward and forward history.
254 Suggestions welcome.)
256 Is a stack size of twenty commands not to your liking? Change it on
257 the fly. To change to saving the last 100 commands, execute the
259 echo recallsize=100 > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
261 Have a command you issue frequently? Assign it to a PF or PA key! Use
263 echo pf24="mkdir foobar; cd foobar" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
264 to execute the commands mkdir foobar and cd foobar immediately when you
265 hit PF24. Want to see the command line first, before you execute it?
266 Use the -n option of the echo command:
267 echo -n pf24="mkdir foo; cd foo" > /proc/tty/driver/tty3270
271 Happy testing! I welcome any and all comments about this document, the
274 Dick Hitt <rbh00@utsglobal.com>