4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
52 LP Printer support is enabled.
53 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
54 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
55 These options have more detailed description inside of
56 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
57 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
58 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
59 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
60 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
61 MTD MTD support is enabled.
62 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
63 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
64 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
65 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
66 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
67 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
68 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
69 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
70 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
71 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
72 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
73 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
74 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
75 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
76 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
77 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
78 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
80 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
81 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
82 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
83 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
84 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
85 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
86 USB USB support is enabled.
87 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
88 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
89 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
90 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
91 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
92 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
93 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
94 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
95 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
97 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
99 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
100 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
101 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
103 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
104 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
105 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
106 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
108 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
109 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
111 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
112 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
113 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
114 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
115 running once the system is up.
117 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
118 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
119 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
120 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
121 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
124 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
125 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
126 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
128 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
129 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
130 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
131 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
132 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
133 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
134 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
135 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
137 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
139 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
140 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
141 See Documentation/power/video.txt
143 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
144 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
146 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will balance active IRQs
150 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
151 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
154 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
156 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
158 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
159 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
161 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
162 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
164 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
166 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
168 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
169 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
170 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
171 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
172 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
173 that require a timer override, but don't have
176 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
178 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
179 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
180 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
181 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
183 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
185 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
186 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
187 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
188 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
190 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
192 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
193 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
194 override platform specific driver.
195 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
197 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
198 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
199 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
200 and always returns good values.
202 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
203 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
204 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
205 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
206 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
208 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
209 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
210 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
213 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
214 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
217 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
223 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
225 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
226 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
228 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
229 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
230 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
233 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
236 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
239 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
242 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
244 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
245 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
247 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
249 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
250 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
251 connected to one of 16 gameports
252 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
255 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
257 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
258 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
259 APC and your system crashes randomly.
261 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
262 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
263 Change the amount of debugging information output
264 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
266 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
267 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
272 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
273 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
277 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
279 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
281 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
282 EzKey and similar keyboards
284 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
286 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
287 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
289 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
292 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
293 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
295 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
296 Use software keyboard repeat
300 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
301 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
303 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
306 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
308 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
310 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
311 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
312 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
313 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
315 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
316 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
317 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
318 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
320 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
326 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
327 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
329 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
330 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
333 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
334 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
336 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
338 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
339 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
340 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
341 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
342 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
343 This option provides an override for these situations.
346 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
347 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
349 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
351 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
352 Format: { "0" | "1" }
353 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
354 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
355 any implied execute protection).
356 1 -- check protection requested by application.
357 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
358 Value can be changed at runtime via
359 /selinux/checkreqprot.
361 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
363 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
364 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
365 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
366 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
368 code_bytes [IA32] How many bytes of object code to print in an
375 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
376 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
377 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
379 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
383 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
385 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
387 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
389 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
393 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
394 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
396 condev= [HW,S390] console device
399 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
401 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
405 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
406 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
407 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
408 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
409 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
411 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
413 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
416 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
417 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
418 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
419 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
420 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
421 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
423 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
425 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
428 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
430 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
431 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
432 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
435 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
440 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
441 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
443 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
446 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
448 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
449 (one device per port)
450 Format: <port#>,<type>
451 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
453 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
456 [KNL] verbose self-tests
458 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
460 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
461 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
462 only useful to kernel developers.
465 Format: <area>[,<node>]
466 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
469 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
472 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
474 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
475 See drivers/char/README.epca and
476 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
478 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
480 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
482 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
488 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
490 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
492 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
495 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
497 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
499 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
502 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
507 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
510 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
517 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
518 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
521 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
523 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
524 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
527 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
528 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
531 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
532 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
533 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
535 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
536 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
537 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
538 pass this option to capture kernel.
539 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
541 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
543 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
544 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
545 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
547 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
550 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
551 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
553 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
554 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
555 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
557 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
562 fail_make_request=[KNL]
563 General fault injection mechanism.
564 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
565 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
568 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
571 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
574 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
577 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
578 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
579 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
580 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
585 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
587 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
588 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
595 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
596 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
597 for IA-64, off otherwise.
598 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
600 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
602 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
603 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
605 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
606 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
608 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
609 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
610 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
611 size on bigger boxes.
613 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
614 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
618 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
620 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
622 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
623 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
624 keyboard and cannot control its state
625 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
626 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
627 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
628 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
630 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
633 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
634 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
635 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
636 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
640 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
641 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
643 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
644 does not match list of supported models.
646 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
647 (disabled by default)
648 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
651 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
652 See Documentation/mca.txt.
655 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
657 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
658 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
659 See Documentation/ide.txt.
661 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
662 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
663 See Documentation/ide.txt.
665 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
666 See Documentation/ide.txt.
669 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
671 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
672 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
673 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
676 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
679 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
683 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
686 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
687 for working out where the kernel is dying during
690 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
692 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
695 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
696 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
697 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
698 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
699 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
700 changing hdc to sdb).
701 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
705 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
706 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
707 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
710 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
712 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
713 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
715 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
716 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
718 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
720 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
722 Format: <port>,<port>....
725 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
726 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
730 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
731 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
732 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
736 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
738 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
740 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
742 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
744 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
745 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
746 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
747 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
748 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
749 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
750 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
752 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
753 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
754 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
755 suboptimal load balancer performance.
758 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
762 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
763 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
767 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
772 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
775 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
776 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
778 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
779 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
781 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
782 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
784 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
787 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
790 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
793 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
796 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
799 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
800 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
801 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
802 loglevels are defined as follows:
804 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
805 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
806 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
807 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
808 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
809 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
810 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
811 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
813 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
814 Format: { n | nk | nM }
815 n must be a power of two. The default size
816 is set in the kernel config file.
818 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
819 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
820 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
821 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
822 specified in addition to the ports) causes
823 attached printers to be reset. Using
824 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
825 to associate lp devices with, starting with
826 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
827 that lp device, or a parport name such as
828 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
829 port specification list means that device IDs
830 from each port should be examined, to see if
831 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
832 so, the driver will manage that printer.
833 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
836 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
837 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
838 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
839 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
840 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
841 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
842 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
843 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
844 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
845 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
846 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
850 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
852 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
853 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
855 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
856 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
858 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
859 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
860 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
862 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
866 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
868 Using "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
869 entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
870 A command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM>
871 is an integer greater than 0, limits the maximum number
872 of CPUs activated in SMP mode to <NUM>.
873 Using "maxcpus=1" on an SMP kernel is the trivial
874 case of an SMP kernel with only one CPU.
876 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
877 equal to this physical address is ignored.
879 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
880 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
883 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
884 Should be between 1 and 16384.
886 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
891 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
895 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
897 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
898 See Documentation/md.txt.
901 Format: <first>,<last>
902 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
904 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
905 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
906 to see the whole system memory or for test.
907 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
908 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
909 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
911 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
914 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
915 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
916 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
917 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
920 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
921 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
922 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
924 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
925 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
926 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
928 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
929 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
930 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
932 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
933 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
938 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
939 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
940 This debugging option can be used to override the
941 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
942 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
943 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
944 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
945 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
946 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
948 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
949 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
950 development purposes, not production environments.
953 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
955 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
956 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
957 increase verbosity of the detection process.
958 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
959 some more information, and 2 will be really
960 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
961 serial console attached to the system).
964 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
966 This debug option can be used to proportionally
967 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
968 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
969 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
970 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
971 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
972 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
973 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
976 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
977 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
978 development purposes, not production environments.
981 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
982 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
983 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
984 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
986 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
987 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
988 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
989 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
995 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
997 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
998 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1001 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
1003 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1004 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1005 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1007 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1010 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1014 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1016 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1018 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1020 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1022 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1023 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1024 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1025 something different and driver-specific.
1026 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1030 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1032 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1033 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1035 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1036 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1037 channel should listen.
1039 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1040 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1043 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1045 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1046 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1049 noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1053 noaliencache [MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
1054 the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, but will
1055 impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
1059 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1060 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1062 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1065 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1066 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1070 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1072 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1076 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1077 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1078 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1080 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1081 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1082 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1086 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1087 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1090 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1091 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1092 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1093 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1094 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1097 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1098 Valid arguments: on, off
1101 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1103 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1104 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1106 no_timer_check [IA-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1107 broken timer IRQ sources.
1109 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1111 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1116 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1118 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1119 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1121 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1123 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1125 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1127 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1130 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1131 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1132 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1136 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1138 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1140 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1142 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1144 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1148 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1153 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1154 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1156 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1157 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1162 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1163 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1164 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1166 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1169 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1170 connected to, default is 0.
1172 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1173 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1176 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1177 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1178 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1179 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1180 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1181 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1182 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1183 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1184 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1185 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1186 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1187 are specified on the command line, starting
1190 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1191 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1192 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1193 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1194 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1195 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1196 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1198 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1199 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1202 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1205 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1206 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1207 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1212 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1213 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1215 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1216 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1217 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1218 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1219 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1220 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1221 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1222 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1223 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1224 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1226 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1228 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1230 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1231 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1232 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1233 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1234 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1235 done to get a device order compatible with
1237 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1238 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1239 on several machines and they hang the machine
1240 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1241 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1242 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1243 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1245 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1246 Use with caution as certain devices share
1247 address decoders between ROMs and other
1249 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1250 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1251 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1253 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1254 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1255 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1256 F0000h-100000h range.
1257 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1258 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1259 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1260 explicitly which ones they are.
1261 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1262 numbers ourselves, overriding
1263 whatever the firmware may have done.
1264 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1265 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1266 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1267 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1268 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1269 IRQ routing is enabled.
1270 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1271 or for PCI scanning.
1272 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1273 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1274 so this option is a temporary workaround
1275 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1276 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1277 just use the configuration from the
1278 bootloader. This is currently used on
1279 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1280 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1281 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1282 This might help on some broken boards which
1283 machine check when some devices' config space
1284 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1285 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1286 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1287 This sorting is done to get a device
1288 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1289 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1290 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1291 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1292 The default value is 256 bytes.
1293 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1294 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1295 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1297 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1300 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1302 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1305 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1308 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1311 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1313 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1314 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1316 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1317 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1318 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1324 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1327 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1330 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1332 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1333 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1336 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1338 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1340 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1341 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1342 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1343 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1344 statistical time based profiling.
1345 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1347 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1348 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1349 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1351 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1352 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1353 instead using the legacy FADT method
1355 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1357 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1359 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1360 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1361 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1363 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1364 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1367 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1368 psmouse.smartscroll=
1369 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1370 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1372 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1374 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1377 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1379 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1384 See Documentation/md.txt.
1386 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1387 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1389 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1390 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1392 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1393 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1394 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1396 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1397 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1399 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1400 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1402 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1403 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1407 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1408 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1410 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1411 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1412 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1414 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1418 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1421 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1422 during initialization.
1425 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1427 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1428 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1429 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1430 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1431 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1433 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1435 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1436 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1438 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1439 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1441 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1443 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1445 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1446 mount the root filesystem
1448 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1450 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1452 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1454 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1457 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1460 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1462 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1464 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1466 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1467 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1469 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1470 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1472 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1473 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1475 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1476 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1479 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1480 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1481 (flags are integer value)
1483 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1485 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1486 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1487 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1488 user space to do the scan.
1490 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1491 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1492 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1495 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1496 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1497 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1499 selinux_compat_net =
1500 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1501 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1502 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1503 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1504 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1505 Value can be changed at runtime via
1506 /selinux/compat_net.
1508 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1510 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1513 Maximal number of shapers.
1516 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1522 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1523 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1528 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1530 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1534 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1538 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1546 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1548 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1550 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1552 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1554 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1556 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1558 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1560 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1562 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1564 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1566 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1568 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1570 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1572 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1574 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1576 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1578 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1580 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1582 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1586 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1588 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1590 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1595 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1597 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1599 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1601 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1603 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1605 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1613 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1617 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1619 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1621 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1627 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1629 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1631 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1633 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1638 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1640 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1642 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1644 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1646 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1648 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1650 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1653 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1655 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1656 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1658 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1659 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1661 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1667 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1669 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1670 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1673 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1677 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1678 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1679 as the initial boot-console.
1680 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1683 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1686 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1688 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1692 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1693 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1695 sysrq_always_enabled
1697 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
1698 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
1699 Useful for debugging.
1702 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1706 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1707 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1709 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1711 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1712 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1713 with the name specified.
1715 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1716 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1719 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1720 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1723 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1726 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1727 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1731 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1733 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1735 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1736 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1738 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1739 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1741 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1742 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1744 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1745 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1754 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
1755 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
1756 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
1757 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
1758 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
1761 usbcore.autosuspend=
1762 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
1763 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
1764 is the time required before an idle device will be
1765 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
1766 to 0 won't be autosuspended at all.
1769 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1772 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1773 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1775 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1776 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1778 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1779 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1780 Documentation/svga.txt.
1781 Use vga=ask for menu.
1782 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1783 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1785 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1786 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1787 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1788 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1791 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1794 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1797 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1800 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1801 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1804 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1807 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1810 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1812 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1813 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1815 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1817 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1819 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1820 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1822 unwind_debug=N N > 0 will enable dwarf2 unwinder debugging
1823 This is useful to get more information why
1824 you got a "dwarf2 unwinder stuck"
1826 ______________________________________________________________________
1830 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1831 Add more DRM drivers.