1 February 2003 Kernel Parameters v2.5.59
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
25 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
26 APIC APIC support is enabled.
27 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30 DEVFS devfs support is enabled.
31 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
36 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
42 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44 LP Printer support is enabled.
45 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
46 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
47 These options have more detailed description inside of
48 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
50 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
51 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52 MTD MTD support is enabled.
53 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
54 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
55 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
57 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
60 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
62 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
64 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
66 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
67 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
70 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
72 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
74 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
75 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76 USB USB support is enabled.
77 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
79 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
80 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
82 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121 See Documentation/power/video.txt
123 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127 ACPI will balance active IRQs
130 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
134 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
136 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
151 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
158 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167 override platform specific driver.
168 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
181 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
185 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
191 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
201 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
204 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
207 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
210 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
215 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219 connected to one of 16 gameports
220 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
223 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
225 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227 APC and your system crashes randomly.
229 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231 Change the amount of debugging information output
232 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
235 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
240 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
245 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250 EzKey and similar keyboards
252 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
255 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
260 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264 Use software keyboard repeat
268 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
277 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
279 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
297 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
300 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
304 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314 This option provides an override for these situations.
317 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323 Format: { "0" | "1" }
324 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326 any implied execute protection).
327 1 -- check protection requested by application.
328 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329 Value can be changed at runtime via
330 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332 clock= [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333 Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335 timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
342 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
346 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
352 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355 condev= [HW,S390] console device
358 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
360 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
363 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
364 the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
368 See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
375 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
379 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
382 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
389 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
394 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
395 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
400 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403 (one device per port)
404 Format: <port#>,<type>
405 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
410 Format: <area>[,<node>]
411 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
414 See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
417 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
420 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
423 See drivers/char/README.epca and
424 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
428 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
436 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
438 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
443 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
450 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
455 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
458 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
465 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
466 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
469 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
471 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
472 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
475 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
476 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
479 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
480 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
481 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
483 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
484 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
485 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
486 pass this option to capture kernel.
487 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
489 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
491 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
492 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
493 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
495 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
498 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
499 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
502 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
503 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
505 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
506 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
507 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
509 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
513 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
516 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
519 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
521 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
522 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
525 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
526 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
527 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
528 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
533 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
535 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
536 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
541 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
544 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
548 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
549 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
550 for IA-64, off otherwise.
551 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
553 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
555 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
556 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
558 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
559 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
561 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
562 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
563 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
564 size on bigger boxes.
567 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
569 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
571 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
573 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
574 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
575 keyboard and can not control its state
576 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
577 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
578 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
579 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
581 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
584 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
585 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
586 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
587 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
591 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
592 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
594 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
595 does not match list of supported models.
597 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
598 (disabled by default)
599 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
602 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
603 See Documentation/mca.txt.
606 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
608 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
609 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
610 See Documentation/ide.txt.
612 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
613 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
614 See Documentation/ide.txt.
616 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
617 See Documentation/ide.txt.
620 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
623 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
626 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
630 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
633 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
634 for working out where the kernel is dying during
637 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
639 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
642 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
643 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
644 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
645 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
646 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
647 changing hdc to sdb).
648 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
652 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
653 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
654 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
657 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
659 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
660 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
662 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
663 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
666 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
667 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
671 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
672 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
673 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
677 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
679 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
680 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
681 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
682 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
683 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
684 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
685 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
686 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
688 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
689 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
690 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
691 suboptimal load balancer performance.
694 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
698 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
699 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
703 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
708 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
711 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
712 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
714 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
715 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
717 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
718 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
720 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
723 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
726 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
729 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
732 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
735 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
736 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
737 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
738 loglevels are defined as follows:
740 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
741 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
742 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
743 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
744 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
745 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
746 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
747 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
749 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
750 Format: { n | nk | nM }
751 n must be a power of two. The default size
752 is set in the kernel config file.
754 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
755 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
756 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
757 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
758 specified in addition to the ports) causes
759 attached printers to be reset. Using
760 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
761 to associate lp devices with, starting with
762 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
763 that lp device, or a parport name such as
764 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
765 port specification list means that device IDs
766 from each port should be examined, to see if
767 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
768 so, the driver will manage that printer.
769 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
772 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
773 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
774 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
775 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
776 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
777 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
778 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
779 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
780 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
781 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
782 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
786 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
788 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
789 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
791 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
792 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
794 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
795 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
796 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
798 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
799 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
804 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
808 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
811 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
812 equal to this physical address is ignored.
814 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
815 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
818 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
819 Should be between 1 and 16384.
821 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
826 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
830 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
832 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
833 See Documentation/md.txt.
836 Format: <first>,<last>
837 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
839 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
840 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
841 to see the whole system memory or for test.
842 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
843 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
844 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
846 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
849 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
850 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
851 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
852 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
855 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
856 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
857 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
859 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
860 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
861 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
863 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
864 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
865 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
867 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
868 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
873 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
874 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
875 This debugging option can be used to override the
876 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
877 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
878 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
879 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
880 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
881 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
883 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
884 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
885 development purposes, not production environments.
888 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
890 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
891 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
892 increase verbosity of the detection process.
893 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
894 some more information, and 2 will be really
895 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
896 serial console attached to the system).
899 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
901 This debug option can be used to proportionally
902 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
903 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
904 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
905 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
906 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
907 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
908 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
911 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
912 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
913 development purposes, not production environments.
916 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
917 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
918 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
919 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
921 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
922 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
923 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
924 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
930 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
932 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
933 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
936 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
938 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
939 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
940 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
942 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
945 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
951 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
953 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
957 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
958 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
959 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
960 something different and driver-specific.
961 This usage is only documented in each driver source
965 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
967 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
968 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
970 nfs.callback_tcpport=
971 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
972 channel should listen.
974 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
975 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
978 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
980 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
981 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
986 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
987 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
989 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
992 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
993 on "Classic" PPC cores.
997 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1001 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1002 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1003 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1009 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1010 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1013 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1014 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1015 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1016 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1017 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1020 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1021 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1023 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1025 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1030 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1032 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1033 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1035 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1037 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1039 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1041 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1044 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1045 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1046 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1050 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1052 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1054 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1056 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1060 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1066 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1068 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1069 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1071 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1072 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1077 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1078 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1079 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1081 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1084 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1085 connected to, default is 0.
1087 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1088 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1091 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1092 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1093 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1094 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1095 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1096 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1097 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1098 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1099 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1100 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1101 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1102 are specified on the command line, starting
1105 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1106 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1107 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1108 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1109 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1110 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1111 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1113 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1114 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1117 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1122 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1123 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1125 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1126 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1127 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1128 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1129 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1130 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1131 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1132 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1133 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1134 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1136 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1138 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1140 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1141 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1142 done to get a device order compatible with
1144 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1145 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1146 on several machines and they hang the machine
1147 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1148 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1149 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1150 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1152 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1153 Use with caution as certain devices share
1154 address decoders between ROMs and other
1156 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1157 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1158 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1160 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1161 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1162 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1163 F0000h-100000h range.
1164 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1165 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1166 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1167 explicitly which ones they are.
1168 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1169 numbers ourselves, overriding
1170 whatever the firmware may have done.
1171 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1172 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1173 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1174 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1175 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1176 IRQ routing is enabled.
1177 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1178 or for PCI scanning.
1179 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1180 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1181 so this option is a temporary workaround
1182 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1183 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1184 just use the configuration from the
1185 bootloader. This is currently used on
1186 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1187 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1189 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1192 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1194 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1197 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1200 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1203 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1205 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1206 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1208 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1209 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1210 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1216 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1219 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1222 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1224 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1225 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1228 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1230 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1232 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1233 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1234 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1235 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1236 statistical time based profiling.
1238 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1239 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1240 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1242 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1243 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1244 instead using the legacy FADT method
1246 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1248 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1250 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1251 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1252 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1254 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1255 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1258 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1259 psmouse.smartscroll=
1260 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1261 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1263 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1265 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1268 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1270 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1275 See Documentation/md.txt.
1277 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1278 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1280 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1281 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1283 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1284 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1285 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1289 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1290 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1292 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1293 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1294 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1296 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1299 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1301 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1302 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1304 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1305 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1307 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1309 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1311 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1312 mount the root filesystem
1314 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1316 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1318 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1320 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1323 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1326 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1328 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1330 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1332 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1333 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1335 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1336 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1338 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1339 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1341 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1342 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1345 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1346 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1347 (flags are integer value)
1349 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1351 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1352 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1353 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1356 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1357 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1358 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1360 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1362 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1365 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1368 Maximal number of shapers.
1371 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1377 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1378 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1383 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1385 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1387 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1389 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1391 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1393 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1395 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1397 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1399 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1401 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1403 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1405 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1407 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1409 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1411 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1413 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1415 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1417 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1419 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1421 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1423 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1425 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1427 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1429 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1431 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1433 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1435 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1437 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1441 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1443 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1445 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1450 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1452 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1454 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1456 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1458 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1460 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1468 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1472 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1474 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1476 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1493 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1495 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1497 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1499 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1501 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1503 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1505 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1507 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1511 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1513 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1514 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1516 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1517 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1519 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1525 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1527 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1528 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1531 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1535 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1536 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1537 as the initial boot-console.
1538 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1541 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1544 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1546 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1550 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1551 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1554 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1558 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1559 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1561 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1563 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1564 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1567 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1568 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1571 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1574 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1575 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1579 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1581 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1583 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1584 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1586 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1587 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1589 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1590 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1592 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1593 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1602 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1604 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1605 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1607 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1608 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1609 Documentation/svga.txt.
1610 Use vga=ask for menu.
1611 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1612 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1614 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1615 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1616 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1617 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1624 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1625 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1628 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1631 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1634 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1636 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1637 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1639 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1641 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1643 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1644 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1647 ______________________________________________________________________
1650 2000-06-?? Mr. Unknown
1651 The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1653 2002-11-24 Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1654 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1655 Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1656 references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1657 PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1660 2005-10-19 Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1661 Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1665 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1666 Add more DRM drivers.