4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
167 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
168 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
169 that require a timer override, but don't have
172 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
174 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
175 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
176 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
177 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
179 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
181 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
182 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
183 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
184 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
186 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
188 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
189 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
190 override platform specific driver.
191 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
193 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
194 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
195 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
196 and always returns good values.
198 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
199 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
200 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
201 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
202 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
204 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
205 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
206 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
210 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
213 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
219 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
221 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
222 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
224 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
226 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
229 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
232 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
235 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
238 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
240 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
241 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
243 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
245 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
246 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
247 connected to one of 16 gameports
248 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
251 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
253 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
254 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
255 APC and your system crashes randomly.
257 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
258 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
259 Change the amount of debugging information output
260 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
262 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
263 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
268 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
269 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
273 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
275 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
277 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
278 EzKey and similar keyboards
280 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
282 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
283 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
285 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
288 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
289 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
291 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
292 Use software keyboard repeat
296 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
297 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
299 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
302 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
304 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
306 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
307 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
308 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
309 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
311 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
312 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
313 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
314 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
316 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
322 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
323 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
325 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
326 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
329 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
330 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
332 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
334 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
335 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
336 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
337 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
338 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
339 This option provides an override for these situations.
342 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
343 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
345 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
347 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
348 Format: { "0" | "1" }
349 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
350 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
351 any implied execute protection).
352 1 -- check protection requested by application.
353 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
354 Value can be changed at runtime via
355 /selinux/checkreqprot.
357 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
359 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
360 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
361 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
362 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
366 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
367 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
368 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
370 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
374 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
376 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
378 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
380 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
384 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
385 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
387 condev= [HW,S390] console device
390 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
392 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
396 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
397 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
398 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
399 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
400 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
402 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
404 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
407 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
408 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
409 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
410 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
411 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
412 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
414 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
416 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
419 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
421 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
422 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
423 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
426 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
431 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
432 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
434 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
437 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
439 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
440 (one device per port)
441 Format: <port#>,<type>
442 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
444 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
447 [KNL] verbose self-tests
449 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
451 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
452 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
453 only useful to kernel developers.
456 Format: <area>[,<node>]
457 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
460 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
463 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
465 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
466 See drivers/char/README.epca and
467 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
469 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
471 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
473 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
479 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
481 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
483 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
486 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
488 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
490 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
493 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
498 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
501 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
508 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
509 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
512 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
514 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
515 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
518 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
519 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
522 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
523 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
524 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
526 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
527 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
528 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
529 pass this option to capture kernel.
530 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
532 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
534 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
535 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
536 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
538 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
541 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
542 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
544 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
545 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
546 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
548 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
552 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
555 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
558 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
561 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
562 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
563 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
564 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
569 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
571 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
572 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
579 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
580 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
581 for IA-64, off otherwise.
582 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
584 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
586 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
587 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
589 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
590 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
592 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
593 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
594 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
595 size on bigger boxes.
598 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
600 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
602 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
604 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
605 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
606 keyboard and cannot control its state
607 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
608 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
609 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
610 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
612 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
615 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
616 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
617 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
618 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
622 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
623 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
625 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
626 does not match list of supported models.
628 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
629 (disabled by default)
630 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
633 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
634 See Documentation/mca.txt.
637 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
639 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
640 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
641 See Documentation/ide.txt.
643 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
644 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
645 See Documentation/ide.txt.
647 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
648 See Documentation/ide.txt.
651 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
654 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
657 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
661 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
664 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
665 for working out where the kernel is dying during
668 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
670 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
673 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
674 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
675 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
676 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
677 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
678 changing hdc to sdb).
679 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
683 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
684 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
685 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
688 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
690 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
691 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
693 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
694 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
696 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
698 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
700 Format: <port>,<port>....
703 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
704 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
708 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
709 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
710 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
714 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
716 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
718 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
720 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
722 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
723 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
724 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
725 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
726 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
727 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
728 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
730 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
731 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
732 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
733 suboptimal load balancer performance.
736 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
740 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
741 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
745 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
750 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
753 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
754 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
756 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
757 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
759 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
760 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
762 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
765 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
768 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
771 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
774 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
777 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
778 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
779 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
780 loglevels are defined as follows:
782 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
783 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
784 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
785 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
786 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
787 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
788 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
789 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
791 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
792 Format: { n | nk | nM }
793 n must be a power of two. The default size
794 is set in the kernel config file.
796 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
797 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
798 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
799 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
800 specified in addition to the ports) causes
801 attached printers to be reset. Using
802 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
803 to associate lp devices with, starting with
804 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
805 that lp device, or a parport name such as
806 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
807 port specification list means that device IDs
808 from each port should be examined, to see if
809 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
810 so, the driver will manage that printer.
811 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
814 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
815 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
816 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
817 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
818 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
819 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
820 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
821 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
822 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
823 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
824 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
828 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
830 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
831 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
833 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
834 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
836 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
837 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
838 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
840 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
844 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
847 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
848 equal to this physical address is ignored.
850 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
851 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
854 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
855 Should be between 1 and 16384.
857 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
862 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
866 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
868 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
869 See Documentation/md.txt.
872 Format: <first>,<last>
873 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
875 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
876 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
877 to see the whole system memory or for test.
878 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
879 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
880 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
882 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
885 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
886 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
887 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
888 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
891 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
892 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
893 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
895 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
896 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
897 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
899 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
900 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
901 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
903 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
904 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
909 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
910 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
911 This debugging option can be used to override the
912 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
913 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
914 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
915 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
916 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
917 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
919 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
920 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
921 development purposes, not production environments.
924 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
926 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
927 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
928 increase verbosity of the detection process.
929 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
930 some more information, and 2 will be really
931 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
932 serial console attached to the system).
935 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
937 This debug option can be used to proportionally
938 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
939 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
940 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
941 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
942 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
943 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
944 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
947 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
948 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
949 development purposes, not production environments.
952 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
953 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
954 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
955 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
957 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
958 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
959 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
960 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
966 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
968 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
969 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
972 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
974 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
975 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
976 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
978 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
981 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
987 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
989 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
993 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
994 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
995 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
996 something different and driver-specific.
997 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1001 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1003 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1004 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1006 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1007 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1008 channel should listen.
1010 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1011 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1014 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1016 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1017 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1020 noaliencache [MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
1021 the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, but will
1022 impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
1026 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1027 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1029 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1032 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1033 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1037 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1039 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1043 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1044 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1045 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1047 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1048 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1049 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1053 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1054 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1057 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1058 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1059 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1060 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1061 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1064 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1065 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1067 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1069 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1074 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1076 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1077 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1079 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1081 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1083 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1085 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1088 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1089 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1090 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1094 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1096 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1098 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1100 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1102 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1106 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1111 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1112 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1114 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1115 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1120 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1121 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1122 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1124 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1127 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1128 connected to, default is 0.
1130 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1131 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1134 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1135 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1136 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1137 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1138 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1139 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1140 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1141 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1142 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1143 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1144 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1145 are specified on the command line, starting
1148 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1149 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1150 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1151 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1152 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1153 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1154 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1156 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1157 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1160 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1163 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1164 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1165 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1170 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1171 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1173 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1174 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1175 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1176 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1177 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1178 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1179 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1180 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1181 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1182 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1184 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1186 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1188 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1189 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1190 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1191 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1192 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1193 done to get a device order compatible with
1195 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1196 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1197 on several machines and they hang the machine
1198 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1199 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1200 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1201 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1203 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1204 Use with caution as certain devices share
1205 address decoders between ROMs and other
1207 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1208 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1209 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1211 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1212 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1213 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1214 F0000h-100000h range.
1215 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1216 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1217 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1218 explicitly which ones they are.
1219 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1220 numbers ourselves, overriding
1221 whatever the firmware may have done.
1222 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1223 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1224 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1225 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1226 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1227 IRQ routing is enabled.
1228 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1229 or for PCI scanning.
1230 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1231 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1232 so this option is a temporary workaround
1233 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1234 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1235 just use the configuration from the
1236 bootloader. This is currently used on
1237 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1238 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1239 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1240 This might help on some broken boards which
1241 machine check when some devices' config space
1242 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1243 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1244 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1245 This sorting is done to get a device
1246 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1247 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1249 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1252 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1254 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1257 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1260 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1263 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1265 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1266 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1268 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1269 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1270 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1276 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1279 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1282 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1284 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1285 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1288 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1290 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1292 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1293 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1294 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1295 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1296 statistical time based profiling.
1297 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1299 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1300 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1301 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1303 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1304 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1305 instead using the legacy FADT method
1307 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1309 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1311 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1312 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1313 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1315 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1316 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1319 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1320 psmouse.smartscroll=
1321 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1322 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1324 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1326 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1329 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1331 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1336 See Documentation/md.txt.
1338 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1339 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1341 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1342 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1344 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1345 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1346 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1348 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1349 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1351 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1352 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1354 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1355 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1359 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1360 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1362 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1363 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1364 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1366 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1370 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1373 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1374 during initialization.
1377 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1379 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1380 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1381 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1382 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1383 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1385 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1386 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1388 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1389 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1391 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1393 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1395 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1396 mount the root filesystem
1398 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1400 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1402 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1404 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1407 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1410 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1412 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1414 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1416 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1417 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1419 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1420 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1422 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1423 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1425 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1426 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1429 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1430 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1431 (flags are integer value)
1433 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1435 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1436 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1437 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1438 user space to do the scan.
1440 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1441 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1442 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1445 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1446 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1447 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1449 selinux_compat_net =
1450 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1451 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1452 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1453 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1454 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1455 Value can be changed at runtime via
1456 /selinux/compat_net.
1458 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1460 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1463 Maximal number of shapers.
1466 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1472 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1473 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1478 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1480 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1490 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1492 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1494 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1524 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1526 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1530 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1538 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1545 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1547 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1549 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1551 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1569 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1571 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1577 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1579 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1581 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1583 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1588 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1590 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1592 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1594 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1596 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1598 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1600 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1603 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1605 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1606 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1608 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1609 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1611 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1617 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1619 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1620 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1623 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1627 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1628 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1629 as the initial boot-console.
1630 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1633 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1636 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1638 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1642 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1643 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1646 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1650 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1651 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1653 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1655 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1656 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1657 with the name specified.
1659 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1660 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1663 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1664 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1667 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1670 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1671 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1675 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1677 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1679 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1680 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1682 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1683 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1685 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1686 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1688 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1689 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1698 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1701 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1702 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1704 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1705 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1707 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1708 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1709 Documentation/svga.txt.
1710 Use vga=ask for menu.
1711 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1712 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1714 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1715 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1716 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1717 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1720 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1723 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1726 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1729 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1730 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1733 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1736 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1739 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1741 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1742 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1744 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1746 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1748 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1749 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1752 ______________________________________________________________________
1756 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1757 Add more DRM drivers.