2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 NOTE: This document describes the usage of the high level CI API as
4 in accordance to the Linux DVB API. This is a not a documentation for the,
5 existing low level CI API.
6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
8 To utilize the High Level CI capabilities,
10 (1*) This point is valid only for the Twinhan/clones
11 For the Twinhan/Twinhan clones, the dst_ca module handles the CI
12 hardware handling.This module is loaded automatically if a CI
13 (Common Interface, that holds the CAM (Conditional Access Module)
16 (2) one requires a userspace application, ca_zap. This small userland
17 application is in charge of sending the descrambling related information
20 This application requires the following to function properly as of now.
22 (a) Tune to a valid channel, with szap.
23 eg: $ szap -c channels.conf -r "TMC" -x
25 (b) a channels.conf containing a valid PMT PID
27 eg: TMC:11996:h:0:27500:278:512:650:321
29 here 278 is a valid PMT PID. the rest of the values are the
30 same ones that szap uses.
32 (c) after running a szap, you have to run ca_zap, for the
33 descrambler to function,
35 eg: $ ca_zap patched_channels.conf "TMC"
37 The patched means a patch to apply to scan, such that scan can
38 generate a channels.conf_with pmt, which has this PMT PID info
39 (NOTE: szap cannot use this channels.conf with the PMT_PID)
42 (d) Hopeflly Enjoy your favourite subscribed channel as you do with
45 (3) Currently ca_zap, and dst_test, both are meant for demonstration
46 purposes only, they can become full fledged applications if necessary.
49 * Cards that fall in this category
50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
51 At present the cards that fall in this category are the Twinhan and it's
52 clones, these cards are available as VVMER, Tomato, Hercules, Orange and
55 * CI modules that are supported
56 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
57 The CI module support is largely dependant upon the firmware on the cards
58 Some cards do support almost all of the available CI modules. There is
59 nothing much that can be done in order to make additional CI modules
60 working with these cards.
62 Modules that have been tested by this driver at present are
64 (1) Irdeto 1 and 2 from SCM
68 * The High level CI API
69 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
72 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
73 With the High Level CI approach any new card with almost any random
74 architecture can be implemented with this style, the definitions
75 insidethe switch statement can be easily adapted for any card, thereby
76 eliminating the need for any additional ioctls.
78 The disadvantage is that the driver/hardware has to manage the rest. For
79 the application programmer it would be as simple as sending/receiving an
80 array to/from the CI ioctls as defined in the Linux DVB API. No changes
81 have been made in the API to accomodate this feature.
84 * Why the need for another CI interface ?
85 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
86 This is one of the most commonly asked question. Well a nice question.
87 Strictly speaking this is not a new interface.
89 The CI interface is defined in the DVB API in ca.h as
91 typedef struct ca_slot_info {
92 int num; /* slot number */
94 int type; /* CA interface this slot supports */
95 #define CA_CI 1 /* CI high level interface */
96 #define CA_CI_LINK 2 /* CI link layer level interface */
97 #define CA_CI_PHYS 4 /* CI physical layer level interface */
98 #define CA_DESCR 8 /* built-in descrambler */
99 #define CA_SC 128 /* simple smart card interface */
102 #define CA_CI_MODULE_PRESENT 1 /* module (or card) inserted */
103 #define CA_CI_MODULE_READY 2
108 This CI interface follows the CI high level interface, which is not
109 implemented by most applications. Hence this area is revisited.
111 This CI interface is quite different in the case that it tries to
112 accomodate all other CI based devices, that fall into the other categories
114 This means that this CI interface handles the EN50221 style tags in the
115 Application layer only and no session management is taken care of by the
116 application. The driver/hardware will take care of all that.
118 This interface is purely an EN50221 interface exchanging APDU's. This
119 means that no session management, link layer or a transport layer do
120 exist in this case in the application to driver communication. It is
121 as simple as that. The driver/hardware has to take care of that.
124 With this High Level CI interface, the interface can be defined with the
127 All these ioctls are also valid for the High level CI interface
129 #define CA_RESET _IO('o', 128)
130 #define CA_GET_CAP _IOR('o', 129, ca_caps_t)
131 #define CA_GET_SLOT_INFO _IOR('o', 130, ca_slot_info_t)
132 #define CA_GET_DESCR_INFO _IOR('o', 131, ca_descr_info_t)
133 #define CA_GET_MSG _IOR('o', 132, ca_msg_t)
134 #define CA_SEND_MSG _IOW('o', 133, ca_msg_t)
135 #define CA_SET_DESCR _IOW('o', 134, ca_descr_t)
136 #define CA_SET_PID _IOW('o', 135, ca_pid_t)
139 On querying the device, the device yields information thus
142 ----------------------------
147 APP: CI High level interface
148 APP: CA/CI Module Present
151 ----------------------------
155 APP: Descrambler keys=[16]
159 ----------------------------
160 Descriptors(Program Level)=[ 09 06 06 04 05 50 ff f1]
161 Found CA descriptor @ program level
163 (20) ES type=[2] ES pid=[201] ES length =[0 (0x0)]
164 (25) ES type=[4] ES pid=[301] ES length =[0 (0x0)]
165 ca_message length is 25 (0x19) bytes
166 EN50221 CA MSG=[ 9f 80 32 19 03 01 2d d1 f0 08 01 09 06 06 04 05 50 ff f1 02 e0 c9 00 00 04 e1 2d 00 00]
169 Not all ioctl's are implemented in the driver from the API, the other
170 features of the hardware that cannot be implemented by the API are achieved
171 using the CA_GET_MSG and CA_SEND_MSG ioctls. An EN50221 style wrapper is
172 used to exchange the data to maintain compatibility with other hardware.
175 /* a message to/from a CI-CAM */
176 typedef struct ca_msg {
180 unsigned char msg[256];
184 The flow of data can be described thus,
196 en50221 APDU (package)
197 --------------------------------------
198 | | | High Level CI driver
201 | en50221 APDU (unpackage) |
210 --------------------------------------
218 The High Level CI interface uses the EN50221 DVB standard, following a
219 standard ensures futureproofness.